The Antecedents Affecting Employee Retention at Shopping Malls: An Analysis of Compensation and Benefits, Training and Development, Working Environment, Reward and Recognition
Keywords:
Employee Retention, Compensation and Benefits, Training and Development, Working Environment, Reward and Recognition
Abstract
Employee retention is a crucial factor for organizations seeking long-term competitiveness. This paper examines how compensation and benefits, training and development, working environment, and reward and recognition influence employee retention. The objective is to explore the relationship between these independent variables and retention, offering insights into effective human resource management (HRM) practices. Reliability analysis, descriptive analysis, correlational analysis, and regression analysis are applied to measure the strength and direction of these relationships. Questionnaires were distributed to employees working in selected shopping malls in Klang Valley using a quantitative approach with a convenience sampling technique. Data were analyzed through multiple regression using SPSS version 29. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Alderfer’s ERG Theory provide the theoretical foundation for understanding retention drivers. The findings indicate that the working environment is the most influential factor, followed by compensation and benefits, and training and development. However, reward and recognition show no significant effect on retention. This study contributes to existing literature by addressing the Malaysian context and offering practical implications for HRM practitioners. It highlights the importance of strategic HRM practices in designing effective retention programs tailored to employees’ needs. By focusing on the working environment alongside fair compensation and development opportunities, organizations can foster higher satisfaction and reduce turnover. Ultimately, the study suggests actionable approaches for organizations to create sustainable HR strategies that balance employee well-being with organizational growth.
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References
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Andriani, T., Sulistyarini, I., Sumyarto. (2022). Can a Supportive Working Environment Retain Millennial Employees in Indonesian SOEs? Asian Journal of Research in Business and Management, 4(2), 24-34. https://doi.org/10.55057/ajrbm.2022.4.2.3. Accessed 4 July 2022.
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Alshamrani, M., Alharthi, S., Helmi, M., & Alwadei, T. (2023). Determinants of Employee Retention in Pharmaceutical Companies: Case of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Business and Management Studies, 5(2), 08-22. https://doi.org/10.32996/jbms.2023.5.2.2
Anilkumar, N., and R. P. N. (2024). Employee Retention Strategies In It Industry – A Study With Reference To Chennai City. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 30(5), 8943–8956. https://kuey.net/index.php/kuey/article/view/4484
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Calinao, R. J., Tabla, F. G., & Carlo, L. G. (2020). Factors Affecting Employee Retention in the Services of an International Cruise Ship. Asia Pacific Journal of Academic Research in Social Sciences, 5(2), 1–7. Researchgate. https://research.lpubatangas.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/APJARSS-2020-5-001.pdf
Caredo, D., Pomida, A., Paradero, A., & Casinillo, L. (2022). Modeling Employee Retention Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Econometric Approach. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 10(1), 115–129. https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj2210.01.09
Chatzoudes, D., & Chatzoglou, P. (2022). Factors Affecting Employee Retention: Proposing an Original Conceptual Framework. International Journal of Economics and Business Administration, X(1), 49–76. https://ijeba.com/journal/748
Darmayanti, D., Perizade, B., Isnurhadi, I., & Yuliani, Y. (2024). Analysis of factors influencing employee retention: a study on start-up companies in the information technology sector. Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies, 4(5), 3838-3846. https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v4i5.1217
Elangkumaran, P., Antony, S., & Pratheepan, J. (2023). The Factors Influencing Employee Retention in a Service Organization. A Study on Financial Institutions in Northern Province. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 4(3), 4540–4547. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.2023.4.33619
Fabian, N. T., Kirani, A. N., Dewi, P. K., Gracia, R., Loei, J., Muyandi, M. R., & Kalfin. (2024). The Effect of Training and Career Development on Company Performance: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Humanities, Law, and Politics, 2(1), 19–25. https://doi.org/10.46336/ijhlp.v2i1.57
Fitri, N. S. (2024). Evaluation of Compensation Policies and Their Impact on Employee Retention in the Food Industry. Involvement International Journal of Business, 1(1), 42–59. https://doi.org/10.62569/iijb.v1i1.6
Ghani, B., Zada, M., Memon, K. R., Ullah, R., Khattak, A., Han, H., Montes, A. A., & Castillo, L. A. (2022). Challenges and Strategies for Employee Retention in the Hospitality Industry: A Review. Sustainability, 14(5), 2885. Mdpi. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052885
Geetha, A. & Muthukumaravel, A. (2022). Influence of Reward and Recognition on Employees in Retention Programme and Career Development. Glo.Jou.of.Mgt.and.Sus.of.ADSRS.Edu.Res. 1(1), 31-35. Available from http://mas.adsrs.net/index.php/mas/article/view/4
Goswami, S. (2021, January). (PDF) “Impact of Human Resource Management Practice on Employee Retention Strategy: An Empirical Analysis.” ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348786228_Impact_of_Human_Resource_Management_Practice_on_Employee_Retention_Strategy_An_Empirical_Analysis
Hanai, A. E., & Pallangyo, W. A. (2020). The Contribution of Compensation in the Employee Retention of the Banking Institutions in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2020.5.4.223
Hussein, A. M., Taher, D. M. H., & Hameed, L. M. (2021). Employees Retention Strategy and Its Impact on Organizational Memory: An Exploratory Research for The Opinion of Faculty Members at Private Colleges in Baghdad. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 10(1), 357. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0030
Islam, M. A., Hack-Polay, D., Rahman, M., Hosen, M., Hunt, A., & Shafique, S. (2022). Work Environment, HR Practices and Millennial Employee Retention in Hospitality and Tourism in Bangladesh. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-06-2021-0859
Jiang, M. and Po, S. M. (2023). The Effect of Human Resource Practices on Employee Retention in the Food Manufacturing Industry in The Philippines: The Moderating Role of The Work Environment. International Journal of Research Studies in Management, 11(11). https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsm.2023.1134
Kariuki, A. (2020). Motivation and retention of teachers in private secondary schools in Kenya. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 9(6), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v9i6.909
Kiran, Y., Mubashir, A., Shaikh, O. A., Naseem, M., & Shaikh, A. (2024). Impact of HRM Practices on Employee Retention: Moderating Role of Job Satisfaction. Journal of Social &Amp; Organizational Matters, 3(1), 72-92. https://doi.org/10.56976/jsom.v3i1.52
Kiragu, L. N., & Marwa, M. S. (2022). Strategic Human Resource Practices and Employee Retention in a Private Commercial Bank in Nairobi County, Kenya. African Journal of Empirical Research, 3(1), 105–114. https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet3.1.10
Kršlak, S. Š., & Ljevo, N. (2021). Organizational Creativity in the Function of Improving the Competitive Advantage of Tourism Companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Advanced Research in Economics and Administrative Sciences, 2(1), 81–91. https://doi.org/10.47631/jareas.v2i1.215
Kryscynski, D., Coff, R., & Campbell, B. (2020). Charting A Path Between Firm?Specific Incentives and Human Capital?Based Competitive Advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 42(2), 386–412. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3226
Kumar, S. (2022). The Impact of Talent Management Practices on Employee Turnover and Retention Intentions. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 41(2), 21– 34. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.22130
Kumari, S. (2022). The Impact of Training and Development on Employee Retention. International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management, 06(05). https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem13044
Macaraig, R., Hong, S., & Lay, S. (2024). Factors Affecting Employee Retention of Private Companies in Cambodia by Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. British Journal of Management and Marketing Studies, 7(1), 78–102. https://doi.org/10.52589/bjmms-0esrkpuu
Magaisa, G. M., & Musundire, A. (2022). Factors Affecting Employee Retention in Zimbabwean Companies. International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research, 4(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijamtr.288507
Masputra, H., Nilasari, M. & Nisfiannoor, M. (2023). The Role of Big Data Predictive Analytics as A Mediator of The Influence of Recruitment and Selection, Remuneration and Rewards, Training, and Development on Employee Retention. Return Study of Management, Economics and Business, 3(04), 353–366. https://doi.org/10.57096/return.v3i04.91
Merican, N., Monil, M., Rafie, U. N., & Tajuddin, D. (2022). The Effect of Career Planning, Talent Management and Training Development towards Employee Retention. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(8). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v12-i8/14318
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Published
2025-09-12
How to Cite
Abd Aziz, W. A. W., & Ahmad , N. L. (2025). The Antecedents Affecting Employee Retention at Shopping Malls: An Analysis of Compensation and Benefits, Training and Development, Working Environment, Reward and Recognition. Information Management and Business Review, 17(3(I), 120-138. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v17i3(I).4698
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