Information Management and Business Review

Social Media Influence on Factors Affecting Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Conceptual Study

Nor Intan Shamimi Abdul Aziz — 2024-10-27

Breast cancer disease remains a significant burden in global public health, affecting women with new cases and mortality. In 2018, Malaysian women of different races, like Malays, Chinese, and Indians, were diagnosed with breast cancer, approximately 17,000 in total. The consequence is that their quality of life was affected, especially in physical and emotional health. Nowadays, the use of social media among users is increasing, and in healthcare, it examines the role of social media in patient education and social support, which highlights the importance of modern digital technology. This conceptual study examines the factors affecting quality of life, moderated by the role of social media influence. Sociodemographic, psychological state, self-care behaviors, social support, and healthcare support systems were among the factors identified. The study relies on the integration of the quality-of-life model and social cognitive theory in conducting the literature review. Furthermore, this study has implications for improving the quality of life through social media, promoting patient-doctor engagement with social media, supporting policymakers in improving public health outcomes, and identifying potential future research topics. Theoretical contributions with integrated frameworks and an innovative approach to breast cancer survivorship were also identified. Policymakers and healthcare professionals have an opportunity to make practical contributions through the use of social media. The study's limitations were a narrow focus on cancer research, limited generalisability, and a broad range of social media investigations

The Study of Characteristics of Successful Asnafpreneurs in Southern Malaysia

Muslihah Mohd Munahar — 2024-10-27

The study explores a characteristic of successful asnafpreneurs to address the number of registered asnafpreneurs seeking aid more than the number of successful asnafpreneurs produced in Southern Malaysia. However, the current industry can still not completely produce an independent business owner based on the Asnaf title. The study aims to determine successful entrepreneurs' internal and external characteristics in Southern Malaysia. A quantitative method was used in this study. Respondents were chosen using the non-probability sampling method. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Descriptive analysis (frequency and percentage) and hypothesis testing (chi-square test, correlation, and regression) were utilized to solve the research topic. Study finds that internal factors and external factors play an important role in asnafpreneurs success. Chi-square Test analysis revealed that Pearson's significant value was at the 0.00 level. This indicates that it is less than 0.05 at this level. This test successfully rejects H0, which means there is no correlation between internal factors with a successful characteristic of asnafpreneur and there is no correlation between external factors with a successful characteristic of asnafpreneur. Other authors may study the other geography parts and new challenges for asnafpreneurs to succeed in the future.

Gig Economy: Is It a Trap or Stepping Stone for the Informal Sector?

Nazurah Abdul Malek — 2024-10-27

The informal sector and technology have complex interactions, shaping economic activity, job trends, and social outcomes, especially with the rise of the “gig economy”, in which individuals work on an as-needed basis through online platforms. This article explores several theoretical frameworks, such as modernization theory, dependence theory, structuralist approaches, and post-structuralist viewpoints, and investigates how different frameworks explain the effects of technology on informal economic activity. This article also reviews for comprehending the correlation between the informal sector and technology. Besides that, this article explores the dual nature of the gig economy, examining whether it serves as a trap that perpetuates the vulnerabilities of the informal sector or as a stepping stone toward more excellent economic stability and mobility. Although the gig economy provides opportunities for income generation, skill development, and flexible working conditions, it also presents substantial challenges, such as job insecurity, a lack of benefits, and potential exploitation. This paper also addresses the implications for policy and future research directions by the sustainable development goal (SDG) of fostering sustainable, inclusive, and long-term economic growth, as well as full and productive employment and decent work for all.

Determining the Root Causes of Project Delay: A Case Study

Saiful Azmir Bin Kasdi Abd Rahim — 2024-10-27

The study aims to identify and analyze the reason for the project delay in ABC Company located in the heart of Malaysia specializing in oil and gas and oil and gas-related products. The study utilized observation techniques and data from an official report. The observation was done on an ongoing project and the assessment of record was done on previously completed projects. The outcome of such observation was analysed and simplified using a tool namely the Cause and Effect Diagram or Fishbone Diagram. The study found that shortage of manpower, local authority approval, improper planning, and the COVID-19 pandemic as the root causes that led to project delay.

Impact of Brand Equity and Purchase Intention on Dietetics and Nutrition Consultation Service

Roslilee Ab. Halim — 2024-10-27

The market value of a brand is reflected by brand equity. It signals consumers' recognition and preferability toward certain brands. In a highly competitive market, brand equity becomes crucial as it can lead to customer loyalty and product resilience. Strong brand equity helps a company to stand out among competitors and can significantly influence financial performance by driving higher sales volume and profitability. As more Malaysians shift their lifestyles and become more health-conscious after the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand in the healthcare market has expanded massively. By focusing on the healthcare market, especially on dietetics and nutrition consultation services, this paper seeks to evaluate how brand equity influences consumers’ intention in making purchases. Four dimensions of brand equity will be investigated, consisting of perceived quality, brand awareness, brand association and brand image. A total of 194 data were collected using the convenience sampling method in the Subang Jaya region, Malaysia. The findings of this study showed that perceived quality, brand awareness, and brand association have a positive significant impact on purchase intention for dietetics and nutrition consultation services while brand image was found to be insignificantly influencing purchase intention. This provides insight and implications for the dietetics and nutrition consultation services market and practitioners, especially in formulating their marketing strategies.

Assessing the Effects of Organizational Culture on the Connection Between Innovation in Organizations and Human Resource Management

Ahmad Nizam Bin Mohd Yusof — 2024-10-27

This article examines the significance of human resource management (HRM) in innovation, organizational culture, and organizational effectiveness. The conceptual framework creation was supported by extracting information from literature research on related study topics, such as resource-based views and organizational effectiveness. This paper seeks to address the existing gap in the literature on organizational effectiveness by emphasizing the role of HRM in influencing business performance. Specifically, it focuses on the intermediate impact of HRM on innovation and culture. This research can help higher education institutions better understand how human resource policies can improve long-term performance by encouraging innovation and fostering an effective culture.

A Review of Tiktok Livestreaming Commerce

Norafifa Mohd Ariffin — 2024-10-27

In recent years, live-streaming commerce has witnessed remarkable global growth, catalyzed in part by the COVID-19 pandemic. TikTok, originally a video-sharing app, has undergone rapid expansion and now offers livestreaming capabilities. This review aims to explore how TikTok livestreaming is reshaping the marketing landscape. The objective is to uncover the advantages of TikTok livestreaming for various stakeholders, shedding light on its potential implications for marketers, customers, and content creators. A comprehensive examination of existing literature was conducted, analyzing studies, reports, and academic papers. The analysis focused on the multifaceted benefits of TikTok live streaming for marketers, customers, and content creators. It also considered practical implications for businesses utilizing this platform. TikTok livestreaming fosters real-time engagement between marketers and customers, leading to enhanced trust and more effective product demonstrations. It appeals to younger demographics, offering a valuable marketing avenue. For customers, it facilitates interactive, informative, and emotionally engaging shopping experiences. Content creators can leverage TikTok live streaming to monetize their content and deepen connections with their audience, enhancing brand exposure. In conclusion, TikTok livestreaming is reshaping e-commerce by facilitating immersive, interactive, and trust-building experiences for marketers, customers, and content creators. Marketers should focus on quality interaction, product presentation, and partnering with suitable content creators. Collaborations with influencers should consider credibility and alignment with brand values. Leveraging TikTok's livestreaming capabilities offers the potential to cultivate customer loyalty and retention, transforming conventional marketing paradigms in the process

A Conceptual Model of the Relationship between Quality of Work Life and Employee Engagement among Telecommunication Call Center Employees in Malaysia

Muhammad Hafiz Suhaimi — 2024-10-27

Employee engagement has been one of the deepest issues for organizations. Organizations are currently struggling to survive due to the tough current economic environment, whereas the only tool for the organization to achieve a competitive advantage is by engaging employees to foster a competitive edge in the marketplace. Previous studies discovered that employee engagement in Malaysia is still steadily improving but falling behind its neighboring countries, including Indonesia and the Philippines, with the result rising only by four points to 63%. In addition, it was revealed that our country still ranks among the lowest in the region. This study focuses on employee engagement among call centers at selected telcos in Malaysia. There are many theoretical approaches to examining the quality of work life and employee engagement. Hence, this study adopted the Spillover Theory and Self-Determination Theory to explain the relationship between independent variables and employee engagement.

The Role of Leadership Styles, Work-Life Balance and The Physical Environment in Promoting Psychological Well-Being: A Job Demands-Resources Perspective

Nor Tasnim Syahera Rasak — 2024-10-27

This conceptual paper explores the impact of leadership styles, work-life balance, and the physical environment on psychological well-being using the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model as the theoretical framework. In the contemporary workplace, evolving job demands, rising expectations for mental health support, and persistent stressors like job insecurity have increased the need for organizations to prioritize employee well-being. Leadership is identified as a critical mediating variable that enhances or mitigates the effectiveness of job resources, such as work-life balance and physical environment, in promoting psychological well-being. Transformational and servant leadership styles are emphasized for their role in fostering supportive work environments that buffer the negative effects of high job demands. Additionally, the paper underscores how well-designed workspaces and balanced work-life integration can significantly enhance employee well-being, contributing to higher engagement and performance. The JD-R model provides a robust lens through which the interactions between job demands, resources, and leadership can be examined. This framework offers organizations practical strategies to safeguard employee psychological well-being by fostering leadership that advocates for flexible work arrangements and supportive physical environments. Future research should empirically validate the proposed relationships to further refine the role of leadership in promoting employee well-being.

Assessing Environmental Concerns, Knowledge and Health Consciousness in Young Adults’ Organic Food Choices

Nusrah Samat — 2024-10-27

The trend towards buying organic food is declining among young adults, which raises concerns about factors influencing their purchasing behavior. This study investigates factors affecting young adults’ buying behavior of organic food products, including environmental concerns, knowledge, and health consciousness. Survey data was collected from 100 young adults in Selangor, Malaysia. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to analyze the data. The results showed that knowledge about organic food was the strongest predictor of young adults’ organic food purchasing behavior. In addition, concern for the environment had a significant positive influence on young adults’ organic food purchasing behavior, while health consciousness showed no significant influence. These findings offer practical implications for manufacturers: to provide clear product details that can enhance consumers’ knowledge and highlight environmental advantages in marketing strategies to encourage consumption. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the value of environmental awareness and knowledge of organic food and shedding light on the minor influence of health awareness-a topic that has received less attention in other studies.

Artificial Intelligence-Powered Risk Assessment in Supply Chain Safety

N. Sureshkumar PP Narayanan — 2024-10-27

The increasing complexity and globalization of supply chains necessitate robust risk management strategies to ensure safety and resilience. Traditional risk assessment methods often fall short in dynamically adapting to the rapidly changing conditions and voluminous data inherent in modern supply chains. This study explores the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered risk assessment to address these limitations in the context of Malaysia's supply chain industry. By employing AI technologies such as machine learning, IoT, and predictive analytics, organizations can significantly enhance their risk management capabilities, improving predictive accuracy, real-time monitoring, and overall operational efficiency. Through a qualitative analysis involving in-depth interviews with supply chain managers, AI experts, and technology vendors, the study identifies the strategies employed for AI integration, the perceived effectiveness of these technologies, and the challenges faced in implementation. The findings highlight the importance of robust data governance, the development of explainable AI models, and continuous skill development to overcome barriers related to data quality, model interpretability, and high implementation costs. The study concludes with recommendations for fostering a safer and more resilient logistics environment in Malaysia, emphasizing the need for comprehensive AI adoption frameworks and scalable solutions for small and medium-sized enterprises.

Integrating Resource-Based Theory and Contingency Theory for Enhancing Supply Chain Resilience in Malaysia: A Post-Pandemic Analysis

N. Sureshkumar PP Narayanan — 2024-10-27

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted global supply chains, exposed their vulnerabilities and underscored the urgent need for enhanced resilience. In Malaysia, the pandemic's impact on supply chains has been profound, prompting a re-evaluation of existing strategies and frameworks. This study explores the integration of Resource-Based Theory (RBT) and Contingency Theory (CT) to enhance supply chain resilience in Malaysia. Through in-depth case studies and semi-structured interviews with senior managers and supply chain professionals, this research identifies key factors contributing to the successful implementation of an integrated resilience framework. The findings reveal that firms leveraging advanced technology, skilled workforce, and strategic partnerships can maintain operational efficiency and adaptability. Context-specific strategies such as diversifying suppliers, local sourcing, strategic stockpiling, and flexible logistics solutions are essential in responding to disruptions. Common challenges include high initial costs, coordination issues, regulatory hurdles, and cultural resistance to change. The integration of RBT and CT results in improved supply chain visibility, flexibility, robustness, and stakeholder collaboration. This study contributes to the academic discourse by offering practical insights for firms seeking to enhance supply chain resilience. It underscores the importance of combining internal strengths with adaptive strategies tailored to the external environment. The findings provide valuable guidance for both academia and industry in developing more robust and adaptive supply chain strategies in the post-pandemic landscape. Future research should explore the integration of RBT and CT across different contexts and industries and investigate the role of emerging technologies in enhancing supply chain resilience.

Exploring the Drivers, Challenges, and Opportunities of Supply Chain Technology Adoption for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia

Nor Azian Abdul Rahman — 2024-10-27

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have a crucial impact on the Malaysian economy, making major contributions to the functioning of the supply chain. Integrating supply chain technology has become a crucial element in enhancing the efficiency and competitiveness of SMEs in Malaysia. During recent years many developing and developed countries have witnessed the expansion of markets and supply chain networks; in the progress of these market and supply systems SMEs find various complexities when they are implementing or improving the technology integration of their supply chain. The current body of literature often addresses the adoption of technology in a general manner or within larger organizations, resulting in a significant gap in study about the specific circumstances and requirements of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This study employs a rigorous methodology that analyzes relevant papers to examine the drivers, challenges, and opportunities for adopting supply chain technology among SMEs in Malaysia. By implementing supply chain technology, Malaysian SMEs can increase their performance in many areas of key performance indicators. This includes improving efficiency, optimizing inventory management, achieving cost savings, enhancing customer service, and increasing market competitiveness. It is believed that the findings of the study can be useful for managers of SMEs, policymakers, and interested stakeholders. This will enable SMEs to navigate the challenges of adopting technology more effectively and enhance global competitiveness.

The Determinants of Monetary Policy in Malaysia: Impact on Economic Activity

Zetty Zahureen Mohd Yusoff — 2024-10-27

The overnight interbank rate is a key tool for central banks to influence economic activity and maintain financial stability. It represents the rate at which banks lend and borrow short-term funds from one another, often overnight, and plays a crucial role in monetary policy transmission. Changes in this rate can affect borrowing costs and credit availability, which in turn impacts consumption, investment, and economic activity. Bank Negara Malaysia (2021) highlights that overnight transactions in the interbank market operate alongside the Kuala Lumpur Interbank Offered Rate (KLIBOR). This study analyzes time series data from 1991 to 2021 to identify relationships between the overnight interbank rate and macroeconomic variables using the ordinary least square (OLS) method. The analysis focuses on unemployment (UR), domestic private credit (DGR), gross domestic product (GDP), foreign exchange reserves (FER), and inflation (I), with data sourced from the World Bank and the Federal Reserve Bank (FRED). The results show that unemployment and inflation significantly impact monetary policy. High unemployment suggests underused resources, often prompting lower interest rates to stimulate investment and economic growth. In contrast, rising inflation typically leads central banks to increase interest rates to slow spending, while falling inflation may result in rate cuts to spur economic activity.

Understanding Customer Satisfaction: A Study of Convenience Stores

Nur Ain Hanisah Jaafri — 2024-10-27

This study explores the impact of customer satisfaction on purchasing behavior within convenience stores, focusing on four key determinants: service quality, perceived value, product quality, and trust, perceived value, and trust. The growing population and increasing consumer demand have prompted companies to enhance productivity and service standards across their convenience store branches. To maintain competitiveness and attract a diverse customer base—comprising existing, new, and potential customers—businesses need to review and refine their operational strategies continuously. The study’s methodology involved a structured approach to gathering quantitative data from a specific sample of convenience store customers in Bentong City. By using surveys and questionnaires, the research aimed to capture relevant information directly from the consumers, providing insights into their experiences and satisfaction with the convenience stores. The non-probability convenience sampling method facilitated the collection of data from readily available participants, ensuring a practical and timely data collection process. Using a data set collected from 220 respondents who utilized products and services at a convenience store, this research aims to empirically investigate the relationships between service quality, perceived value, product quality, and trust, perceived value, trust, and overall customer satisfaction. The findings indicate that while all four factors contribute to customer satisfaction, service quality, perceived value, and trust exert a significantly stronger influence compared to product quality. These insights underscore the importance of prioritizing service enhancement, value creation, and trust-building initiatives in the strategic management of convenience stores, thereby ensuring sustained customer satisfaction and loyalty.

Examining the Effects of E-Satisfaction, E-Trust and Perceived Value on Repurchase Intention among Young Adults

Nur Shahrulliza Muhammad — 2024-10-27

This study adapted some of the dimensions in the ES-QUAL model that contribute to e-satisfaction, with additional factors of e-trust and perceived value about repurchase intention among young adults in an online shopping setting. The research methodology involved a sample size of 103 full-time students of Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) Retail Management (Hons.) in UiTM Puncak Alam aged between 18 to 26 years old, utilizing a structured adapted questionnaire to capture demographic profiles and components of e-satisfaction, e-trust and perceived value about repurchase intention. The descriptive statistics show a substantial increase, with the highest mean obtained by e-satisfaction, followed by perceived value and e-trust. In addition, the finding implies that there is a high degree of repurchase intention among these students.

Halal Purchasing Strategies of MSEs in the Malaysian Food Industry: An Exploratory Study on the Potential Use of CAQDAS in the Qualitative Evaluation of Multiple Case Studies

Nurulfaraiza Ariffin — 2024-10-27

This paper explores the potential of computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS), specifically Nvivo 14, in facilitating the qualitative evaluation of multiple case studies. The focus is on halal purchasing strategies within micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in the food industry, a critical issue from a Shariah perspective that ensures halal integrity from source to consumer. The issue highlights that MSE leaders in Malaysia’s food industry failed to optimize halal purchasing in their management practices, which undermines their ability to increase probability. The objective is to explore the strategies for optimizing halal purchasing performance of MSEs in Malaysia’s food industry, on how these businesses navigate the requirements of halal compliance in their operational practices. Through an exploratory study, 10 MSEs were examined to investigate their halal purchasing structures, involving interviews with key stakeholders such as brand owners, company directors, halal executives, and CEOs. In-depth, semi-structured interviews provided insights into company structures, challenges, and halal purchasing strategies. Thematic analysis was employed, using an inductive pattern coding approach where codes emerged organically from the data and were categorized into themes and sub-themes. Findings revealed a variety of business types, with six individually owned companies and four family-run businesses, highlighting differences in employee numbers, business longevity, and owner demographics. The study also suggests a trend of generational succession in family-owned businesses. This research demonstrates the utility of CAQDAS in managing and analyzing complex qualitative data in case study research.

Financial Impact on Aviation Industry Before and During Covid-19: Passenger Demand as Moderator

Farra Nurdeanna Binti Saiful Nizam — 2024-10-27

This study analyses the impact of the pandemic on the financial performance of airlines, with a specific focus on financial ratios. The travel limitations imposed as a result of the pandemic, coupled with a significant decline in passenger demand, resulted in significant financial losses. This study investigates how passenger demand moderates the relationship between financial ratios and the performance of the aviation industry. This study gathered data from 20 premier Asian airline companies, as acknowledged by Skytrax. The data was collected from 2016 to 2022, with the timeframe from 2016 to 2019 designated as the 'pre-Covid19' period, and the timeframe from 2020 to 2022 designated as the 'during Covid19' period. The study uses static panel data analysis to accomplish its objective by integrating cross-sectional and time series analysis. Based on this analysis, it was determined that the company's financial condition had a substantial impact on its performance and operating worth before the COVID-19 outbreak. This influence was observed across all variables, except TATO (Total Assets Turnover). However, the company’s financial condition does not affect its performance during the COVID-19 outbreak. This is due to the implementation of government initiatives and bailouts offered some respite, while also underscoring pre-existing structural weaknesses within the business. The results emphasize the crucial requirement for airlines to implement adaptable financial strategies and strong risk management techniques to successfully navigate future disruptions. Hence, the aviation sector should embrace a comprehensive strategy centered on minimizing expenses, expanding income sources, and implementing digitalization.

Factors Influencing Vehicle Owners’ Intentions to Extend Special Perils Coverage in Motor Insurance

Ainol Fizy Ruslan — 2024-10-27

The rising frequency and severity of natural disasters have intensified the need for comprehensive motor insurance, particularly focusing on special perils coverage. This coverage plays a vital role in safeguarding vehicle owners against financial losses resulting from environmental hazards such as floods, landslides, and other catastrophic events. This study investigates the factors that influence vehicle owners' intentions to extend special perils coverage within their motor insurance policies in Klang Valley, Malaysia. A quantitative and descriptive research approach was adopted, employing convenience sampling techniques, with data analyzed using descriptive statistics through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to extract valuable insights. A structured survey involving 100 vehicle owners examines the impact of knowledge, promotional efforts, and perceived benefits on their decisions to opt for extended special perils coverage. The findings highlight that these three factors - knowledge, promotion, and benefits - significantly influence the decision-making process. The study's insights are valuable for insurance companies, policymakers, and educational institutions in crafting strategies to encourage the wider adoption of special perils coverage. By increasing awareness, enhancing promotional efforts, and communicating the benefits of such coverage, stakeholders can better meet the needs of vehicle owners and boost the uptake of comprehensive motor insurance. This study underscores the importance of a multifaceted approach in promoting insurance products that offer essential protection against escalating environmental risks.

Examining The Impact of Macroeconomics Factors on Carbon Emissions in Selected 7-ASEAN Members: A Panel Data Analysis

Hajar Amiza binti Hamim — 2024-10-27

This study investigates the relationships between urbanization, economic growth, energy consumption, transportation, and carbon emissions in seven ASEAN countries from 2011 to 2022. As released by the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 80 percent of the world’s population living in urban areas were exposed to air quality levels that were above the WHO limits. The region that is most affected comes from those nations categorized as low to middle-income countries. Hence, it is best to examine why these 7 ASEAN nations categorized from the lower to upper-middle income countries are not able to control the increase in the level of their carbon emissions. The analysis would also identify the appropriate empirical model suitable for the data. Using panel data analysis applying econometric modeling which are the Pooled Ordinary Least Square, Fixed Effects Model, and Random Effects Model, the findings support the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, revealing that urbanization and economic growth significantly increase carbon emissions. The study emphasizes the need for renewable energy adoption and sustainable urban planning to reduce carbon footprints. Key recommendations include enhancing energy efficiency and promoting cleaner transportation technologies to achieve sustainable economic growth in the ASEAN region.

Energy Consumption, Emission, Transportation Sector in Malaysia: Review on Malaysia’s Road Transport

Fatin Farazh Yaacob — 2024-10-27

Transportation is a major challenge for energy conservation, with road transport in Malaysia being a significant contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In Malaysia, traditional fossil fuels such as gasoline and diesel dominate the transportation sector, which has become the second-largest source of GHG emissions, accounting for 20% in 2014. This increase in CO2 emissions, driven by rising vehicle ownership and economic growth, underscores the urgent need for effective emission reduction strategies. The rapid growth in road transportation in Malaysia is linked to socioeconomic factors, including rising incomes and urbanization, leading to higher energy consumption and pollution. Data indicates a significant increase in vehicle registrations from 1990 to 2018, with motorcars and motorcycles being the most common. This growth, fueled by subsidies and decentralization, has exacerbated the sector’s environmental impact. The Green Technology Master Plan Malaysia 2017–2040 aims to address these issues by setting ambitious targets to enhance renewable energy, improve energy efficiency, and promote eco-friendly fuels. Key strategies include expanding public transportation, increasing the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), and introducing alternative fuels like hydrogen. Malaysia has substantial potential to reduce CO2 emissions through initiatives such as expanding EV infrastructure, promoting natural gas vehicles, and improving public transit. Effective implementation of these strategies can significantly lower the transportation sector’s carbon footprint, contributing to a more sustainable future.

Investigating The Factors Influencing Employees’ Psychological Capital and Mental Well-Being At Multinational Companies (MNCs) in Beijing

Tian Jun — 2024-10-27

This study utilizes the job demands-resources model to examine the relationship between job resources (like organizational climate, co-worker support, authentic leadership, knowledge diversity, and work-life support practices), burnout, psychological capital, and mental health among employees at multinational companies in Beijing. An online survey was filled out by 173 people, and the data were analyzed with PLS-SEM. The results suggest that authentic leadership and work-life support practices had no impact on psychological capital, whereas a positive work environment, helpful co-workers, and a broad range of expertise did. In addition to having direct effects on mental health, psychological capital also indirectly affects mental health through burnout. This study adds to the current literature by examining the mental well-being of employees working for multinational firms in Beijing.

The Impact of Government Expenditure on Economic Growth in Malaysia

Siti Nur Ayunie Binti Zawawi — 2024-10-27

This study experimentally investigates the relationship between economic growth and government spending in Malaysia from 1990 to 2022 using time series data. The study analyzes the impact of total government spending on economic growth, covering housing, healthcare, social services, military, and education while identifying which sector has the most effect on economic growth. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method is employed to evaluate the effects of these expenditures. The findings demonstrate that, in the short run, all variables significantly affect economic growth, hence refuting the null hypothesis. However, only trade openness and labor spending positively impact long-term economic growth. Research indicates that housing and education expenditures are the primary long-term drivers of economic growth in Malaysia. The data suggest that the Malaysian economy contradicts the Keynesian theory, as less government spending appears to improve the real GDP growth rate. The inverse relationship between government spending and economic growth indicates that government expenditure may not be the primary catalyst for economic growth, hence supporting Wagner’s law. These findings provide policymakers with essential insights for optimizing government spending to improve economic development results.

Effect of Foreign Direct Investment, Energy Consumption and Unemployment on Income Distribution in Malaysia

Rinashafika Redzuan — 2024-10-27

The paper analyses the relationships between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Energy Consumption, Unemployment, and their effects on Income Distribution in Malaysia from 1990-2022. Despite economic growth, Malaysia faces income inequality, especially among ethnic groups. The study uses ARDL regression to find that FDI promotes income distribution by creating jobs and facilitating technology transfer. Increased energy availability boosts industrial production, which is crucial for equitable income distribution. High unemployment, particularly among graduates, exacerbates income inequality. Government initiatives aim to address unemployment through skills enhancement and entrepreneurship. The study concludes that FDI and energy consumption positively influence income distribution, while unemployment has a negative impact. The findings are valuable for policymakers in fostering inclusive growth and equitable income distribution in Malaysia. As Malaysia is an export-oriented country, these insights can lead to impactful improvements in the export sector, further boosting employment opportunities and economic resilience.

The Effect of Work Stress and Work Environment on Job Performance in Manufacturing Industry: A PLS-SEM Approach

Nur Aini Zurnizam — 2024-10-27

Employee performance is a critical determinant of growth and success within manufacturing organizations, making it essential to understand the factors influencing it. This study delves into the effects of work stress and the work environment on job performance, specifically within the electronics manufacturing sector in Penang, Malaysia. The research addresses how role ambiguity and conflict can act as stressors and also explores how intrinsic and extrinsic motivation factors related to the work environment affect job performance. The study sample comprised 116 participants from five electronics manufacturing firms located in Bayan Lepas, Penang. Data collection was conducted through a structured questionnaire, and the analysis was performed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results confirmed that the measurement model was robust, providing a solid foundation for validating the structural model. The PLS-SEM analysis demonstrated that the model had significant predictive capability, revealing that both work stress and the work environment exert substantial effects on job performance within the electronics manufacturing industry in Penang. Specifically, role stressors such as ambiguity and conflict were found to negatively impact job performance, while a supportive and motivating work environment positively influenced it. The study's results align with the theoretical frameworks of role stressors and self-determination, suggesting that effective management of stressors and the cultivation of a motivating work environment are essential for optimizing employee performance in the manufacturing sector.

The Association between Social Engagement, Social Network, Social Embeddedness and Quality of Life among University Students

Mohd Zulkifli Abdullah — 2024-10-27

Quality of life (QoL) among university students is a critical concern that impacts not only their academic success but also their overall well-being and prospects. Social relationships are critical for university students' quality of life. Positive social interactions and a supportive network can enhance students' sense of belonging and emotional well-being. However, many students struggle with loneliness and social isolation on campus. This study aims to investigate the association between civic engagement (social engagement, social network, and social embeddedness) and the QoL among university students. We conducted this cross-sectional study among 179 university students on the UiTM Puncak Alam campus via an online survey. We adapted the questionnaire from previous studies and used SPSS version 29 to analyze the data. The Pearson correlation test revealed a link between all the independent variables and the dependent variable, demonstrating both convergent and concurrent validity. The regression analysis showed that social embeddedness was the best predictor of QoL, followed by attitude and behavior. A secure social environment can help one adapt more effectively and provide emotional support, which lowers the risk of depressive symptoms and improves the QoL. In addition, active involvement in social activities helps to increase the sense of belonging to the university community. Identifying oneself as a member of a group of peers, faculty, and staff contributes to the student’s self-concept and higher self-esteem, which is vital in terms of psychological health and QoL.

Unlocking HR’s Hidden Treasure on Innovation Capability: The Mediating Role of Knowledge Management Capacity

Ahmad Nizam Mohd Yusof — 2024-10-27

Effective innovation is possible when one can innovate. Malaysia has serious problems due to a lack of R&D and innovation skills. Furthermore, small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) in developing nations have received less attention in past research on Malaysian innovation. A quantitative strategy is employed to meet the study's goals. A survey approach is used to collect data from the owners, chief executives, and management of ICT SMEs. The research collected and analyzed a total of 200 respondents. The research models and hypotheses were assessed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique. This research comprises the difference between Innovative Centric Human Resource Management (ICHRM) (Acquisition; Development; Egalitarian; Collaborative; Documentation, Information System) and Innovation Capability (Radical; Incremental), also the relationship between ICHRM and Innovation Capability, using Knowledge Management Capacity as a mediator. Based on the findings of this study, the majority of HRM practices are suitable for SMEs' incremental innovation capabilities. This study also presents empirical evidence of the impact of ICHRM on knowledge management capacity on innovation, focusing on the impact of each dimension in ICHRM components that were linked to organizational processes, with a focus on the influence on incremental and radical innovation.

The Impact of Technological-Organizational-Environmental (TOE) Factors on Homestay Performance

Nurul Liyana Ramlan — 2024-10-27

Homestay have been a part of the tourism industry for a long time, however, their prevalence is still lower than the other travel-related services. Determining the factors that homestays should have to improve their performance and level them with other tourism services is the goal of this pilot study. Thus, this study aims to investigate how homestay performance can be improved by using the TOE Framework. To do this, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed among 50 homestay coordinators in the pilot study. To verify the validity and internal consistency of the measures, a few tests were carried out on the data by using SPSS 29 software. The three factors examined in this study which are technology, organization and environment factors were all determined to be significant. The findings show that homestays should give each of these factors top priority if they want to improve their performance and stay competitive in the tourism industry. In conclusion, the uniqueness of this study has contributed to the development of the most effective homestay business plan and provided empirical data for the study, both of which are essential resources for decision-makers engaged in the execution of future research.

The Determinants of Bank’s Liquidity: Comparative Analysis From Global Islamic Banks and Conventional Banks

Mohamad Nizam Jaafar — 2024-10-27

This study investigates the determinants of bank liquidity in both Islamic and Conventional banks across 15 countries, focusing on key variables such as profitability, capital adequacy, bank size, and credit risk. Utilizing data from 107 Islamic banks and 506 Conventional banks spanning from 2013 to 2022, the analysis reveals significant differences in liquidity management between the two banking systems. The Random Effect Model (REM) was employed based on the Hausman test results to ensure robustness. The findings indicate that profitability negatively impacts liquidity in Islamic banks, likely due to investments in less liquid, Sharia-compliant assets, while it positively influences liquidity in Conventional banks, where profits are often reinvested into liquid assets. Capital adequacy emerges as a crucial determinant of liquidity in both bank types, highlighting the importance of maintaining strong capital buffers. The study also finds that credit risk significantly reduces liquidity in Conventional banks, whereas it has a lesser impact on Islamic banks. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of liquidity management practices in Islamic and Conventional banks, offering valuable implications for bank managers, policymakers, and regulators.

Exploring the Impact of Managerial Coaching, Emotional Intelligence and Social Support on Employee Retention: The Mediating Role of Employee Resilience in Malaysian Public Healthcare

Aina Liyana Azriddin — 2024-10-27

This paper explores the correlation between managerial coaching, emotional intelligence, social support, employee resilience, and retention among healthcare workers in Malaysia's public healthcare sector. Retaining healthcare staff has become a severe difficulty in the BANI (Brittle, Anxious, Non-linear, Incomprehensible) environment, worsened by the COVID-19 epidemic. The study suggests that managerial coaching, emotional intelligence, and social support are essential for developing resilience among healthcare workers. This resilience, in turn, impacts their ability to stay in their jobs. The study will employ a quantitative cross-sectional survey approach to examine the links inside specific public hospitals in Malaysia. The results are anticipated to offer a vital understanding of how public healthcare in Malaysia can strategically improve staff resilience and retention, guaranteeing the long-term viability of the healthcare workforce in a world after the pandemic. This study enhances our comprehension of the intricate processes that impact staff retention in the public healthcare industry, providing practical implications for policymakers and healthcare managers.

The Role of Gender in Managing Finances among Newly Married Couples in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Leylawati Joremi — 2024-10-27

This study explores the couple's role in managing finances and marital satisfaction from the perspective of newly married couples. By delving into individual demographic and behavioral segments, we reveal how couples manage and plan finances to achieve financial well-being and marital satisfaction, further identifying the role of gender in household financial management. Through a phenomenological method, we conducted semi-structured interviews with seven middle-income newly married couples residing in Klang Valley. Interviews with informants took 6 months between February 2022 and July 2022. The duration of the interview is between sixty and ninety minutes. The interpretation of qualitative data was analyzed thematically using N-Vivo 13 software. The results of the study shed light on the couple's financial management practices to achieve financial well-being and marital satisfaction. The husband is the main pillar in the household's financial affairs. This study offers value in the enrichment of data that reveals couples' understanding of managing finances and plans for their future. By focusing on newly married Malay couples, we gained a deeper insight into simple strategies implemented by household financial managers, division of financial responsibilities, and course of action. Findings that reveal the understanding and behavior of middle-income newlyweds in the Klang Valley towards financial well-being can be used by policymakers, governments, and non-governmental organizations to formulate financial health policies, programs, and campaigns to educate the public about early planning towards financial well-being and enjoying marital satisfaction.

The Influence of Extrinsic Motivation and Cross-Cultural Adjustment on Foreign Worker Commitment: The Mediating Role of Cross-Cultural Adjustment and Moderating Role of Employer Trust

Amelia Binti Ramli — 2024-10-27

Palm oil is a key income source in Malaysia, with the industry heavily reliant on foreign workers. This reliance necessitates a focus on their welfare to address workforce shortages. This study examines the relationship between extrinsic motivation and organizational commitment, mediated by cross-cultural adjustment and moderated by employer trust among foreign workers. This study employed a quantitative research design, using SPSS for data analysis, and surveyed 242 foreign workers from companies listed on the Malaysian Palm Oil Council (MPOC) website in 2022, achieving a 100% response rate. The key findings show that organizational commitment positively influences extrinsic motivation, with cross-cultural adjustment significantly enhancing both. Employer trust moderates the relationship between organizational commitment and cross-cultural adjustment, underscoring its importance in cultural adaptation and motivation. These insights highlight the need for targeted strategies to improve job satisfaction and retention among foreign workers by addressing extrinsic motivational factors and cultural adaptation challenges. The research contributes to the literature by detailing the interplay of organizational factors and cultural adaptation in shaping motivational outcomes, suggesting future research to explore longitudinal studies and other moderating variables. These findings offer valuable implications for improving workforce performance and retention strategies in the palm oil industry.

The Psychological Contract Theory on Student Retention: A Systematic Literature Review

Fahira Shahdzul Kahar — 2024-10-27

The purpose of this article is to cover the themes central to psychological contract theory as well as its impact on student retention. While psychological contract theory has been extensively studied and applied in work-related settings, its influence in educational settings has not been fully explored. To address this gap, this study collected and analyzed data following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data was collected from studies published between 2013 and 2023, resulting in the analysis of 24 eligible papers from various academic databases in the review. Based on the number of eligible papers within a ten-year timeframe indicates a scarcity of research on psychological contracts in educational contexts, particularly concerning student retention. The findings from the 24 eligible papers were synthesized and reported using descriptive analysis and tabulation, thus shedding light on how psychological contract theory influences student retention. The analysis suggests that unfulfilled psychological contracts between students and academic staff can contribute to student attrition, especially when students' expectations, formed during earlier educational experiences, are not met. This systematic literature review emphasizes the importance of the psychological contract in educational settings particularly in managing the dynamic student and academic relationship. The review made suggestions for practical implications for academic leaders, policymakers, and education administrators, stressing the need for adaptive, inclusive, and forward-looking approaches in education, and recommendations for future studies.

Personal Bankruptcy Prediction Using Logistic Regression Model

Sharifah Heryati Syed Nor — 2024-10-27

According to the Insolvency Department of Malaysia, as of December 2023, 233,483 Malaysians are currently involved in bankruptcy cases due to their defaults on hire purchase loans, credit card loans, personal loans, housing loans, and business loans. This is indeed a critical issue because the growing number of personal bankruptcy cases will hurt the Malaysian economy as well as society. From an individual's economic perspective, bankruptcy minimizes their chances of getting a job. Apart from that, their accounts will be frozen, they will lose control of their properties and assets, and they will not be allowed to start any business or be a part of any company's Board of Directors. Bankrupts also will be rejected from any loan application. This paper examines this problem by developing a personal bankruptcy prediction model using the logistic regression technique. This paper defines "bankrupt" as terminated members who failed to settle their loans. The sample comprised 24,546 cases with 17% settled cases and 83% terminated cases. The data included a dependent variable, i.e., bankruptcy status (Y=1(bankrupt), Y=0(non-bankrupt)), and 12 predictors. Upon completion, this paper succeeds in coming out with a reliable personal bankruptcy prediction model and significant variables of personal bankruptcy. The findings of this paper are very beneficial and significant to creditors, banks, the Malaysia Department of Insolvency, potential borrowers, members of AKPK, and society in general in raising awareness of personal bankruptcy risks and such information may help them to take preventive measures in minimizing the number of personal bankruptcy cases.

AI Revolution: How Malaysian Firms are Redefining Accounting Performance

Rudzi Munap — 2024-10-27

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the primary force behind the organization's continued sustainability and competitiveness. The rise of AI software, cloud computing-based software and blockchain apps and services, together with the use of accounting information outcomes indicate that computerized accounting has become available to accountants. Even if there are great hopes for the application of AI in the accounting industry, numerous nations with little infrastructure are still lagging in using this type of technology. 88.89% of the 80 questionnaires that were initially issued were returned within a week. As a result, of the 80 questionnaires issued, 75 responses were received in one week, yielding a response return rate of 93.75 percent. Managerial and non-managerial staff members from American Express (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd, Selangor, Malaysia were chosen as research participants. By employing a sample random sampling approach, a total of 75 legitimate surveys were gathered. The results of the study have shown a positive strong relationship between the level of readiness (AI Software, Cloud technology and Blockchain) and level of adoption (AI Software, Cloud technology and Blockchain) in the accounting industry toward employees’ job efficiency. All eight hypotheses (H1 to H8) showed a significant relationship and were all accepted. The outcome of the moderating effect between working tenure and level of readiness presents a direct impact. However, the level of adoption shows an indirect impact on job efficiency whereas job efficiency shows a direct impact.

A Conceptual Framework of Navigating Digital Banking: How Gender Impacts Adoption Intentions in Klang Valley

Siti Norbaya Mohd Rashid — 2024-10-27

Malaysian banking users have encountered negative experiences while adopting traditional bank services. Several customers and businesses face limited access to traditional banking products and services due to factors such as low or irregular income, bad credit, or a lack of conveniently located banks. The acceptability of digital banking products and services in Malaysia is currently unknown and inadequate due to the general lack of familiarity among Malaysians with the notion of digital banking. Conventional methods of analyzing consumer behavior, which primarily consider historical data and current resources, will not result in the achievement of branchless banking in the future. This paper presents a framework that examines how various factors such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition, hedonic motivation, price value, and habit may influence behavioral intention. Additionally, the framework considers gender as a moderator variable. The results of this study are anticipated to expand the existing body of knowledge on behavioral intention and bring advantages to marketers and digital banking providers.

The Influence of Technostress on Employee Well-Being Among Generation Z Employees in Malaysia

Nazlin Munira Mohd Nazri — 2024-10-27

Today’s digital-centric world has spawned a new phenomenon called ‘technostress’, a stress condition due to constant changes, advancements and reliance on technology. Technostress is a rising issue in terms of its influence on employee well-being as technostress has been causing the deterioration of employee well-being. There is an urgency to understand and study the influence of technostress on employee well-being so that measures can be taken to rectify the matter and improve employee well-being. This study aims to examine which technostress creators have the most influence on employee well-being among Generation Z employees in Malaysia. Past literature to understand employee well-being, technostress and the relationship between the two were studied. Technostress creators were identified as techno-overload, techno-complexity, techno-uncertainty, and techno-insecurity. The study found that techno-uncertainty is the technostress creator that has the most influence on Generation Z employees’ well-being in Malaysia. Data collection was conducted by using a virtual questionnaire. 135 respondents among Generation Z employees in Malaysia participated in this study.

Hybrid Working and Employee Job Performance in Felcra Berhad: An Examination of The Moderating Role of Job Satisfaction

Wan Muhd Fauzi Bin Wan Aziz — 2024-10-27

In today's dynamic work environment, understanding the impact of hybrid working on job performance is crucial. Many organizations, including FELCRA Berhad, adopted hybrid working during the COVID-19 pandemic to enhance employee efficiency and flexibility. This study explores FELCRA Berhad's job performance and satisfaction during the pandemic and evaluates the potential success of hybrid working post-pandemic. Using a quantitative research design and purposive sampling, data were collected from FELCRA Berhad employees through online and physical questionnaires. The data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Version 28 to examine the relationship between hybrid working (working conditions, work-life balance, and recognition) and job performance, with job satisfaction as a moderating factor. The results indicated a significant positive relationship between working conditions and job performance. While work-life balance and recognition showed moderate positive relationships with job performance, they were not statistically significant. Job satisfaction did not significantly moderate these relationships. However, the group effect for hybrid working remained significant across all dimensions. In conclusion, the study confirms a significant positive relationship between hybrid work conditions and job performance, providing a foundation for FELCRA Berhad to consider implementing hybrid work practices based on their direct effects on job performance.

Conceptualizing the Implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools and Personalization Marketing on Consumer Purchase Intention: Insights from the Malaysian E-Commerce Market

Mohamad Fariz Abdullah — 2024-10-27

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool, enabling online retailers to offer highly personalized shopping experiences tailored to individual preferences and behaviors. As e-commerce continues to grow in Malaysia, understanding the influence of AI and personalization marketing on consumer purchase intentions has become increasingly important for businesses seeking to remain competitive. However, the rapid adoption of AI also raises concerns about data privacy, ethical AI usage, and compliance with emerging data protection regulations, such as Malaysia’s Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA). This study aims to explore the potential impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and personalization marketing on consumer purchase intention within the Malaysian e-commerce market. By reviewing previous literature and theoretical frameworks, the study explores how the use of AI tools including predictive analytics automation, and personalization experiences might influence consumer behavior in online shopping environments. The study adopts a quantitative approach, in which quota sampling will be used for the participant selection. A self-administered questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale will be employed to gather data from e-commerce users in Malaysia. The findings from this study have important implications for both e-commerce businesses and policymakers in Malaysia. For businesses, understanding which aspects of AI and personalization most influence consumer purchase intentions can help them strategically implement these technologies to enhance customer engagement and drive sales. For policymakers, the study highlights the need to consider ethical and legal issues, such as data privacy and policy issues, in the growing use of AI in the e-commerce market.

Exploring Culture and Sustainability: Community Participation in Indigenous Tourism in Malaysia

Wan Norshafiqah Wan Mohd Sukri — 2024-10-27

Nowadays, Indigenous tourism contributes to the conservation of cultural heritage and further supports sustainable development for Indigenous communities, which ultimately increases socio-economic well-being. By providing unique cultural experiences, Indigenous tourism gives greater recognition and respect for the culture while also economically benefiting. This paper aims to examine how such dynamics operate in the context of Indigenous tourism from the viewpoint and experiences of Indigenous community members who participated in tourism initiatives. Identifying culture as one of the crucial parameters that determine successful outcomes in this field, this study intends to explore how people participate in sustainable development through tourism and close important gaps using a cultural lens. Numerous databases containing scholarly research, including the Emerald Insights, Science Direct, and Web of Science, have been used in this study. As a response to the ever-growing call for inclusive and respectful tourism, this study aims to contribute valuable insights and geographical relevance to defining policy change, practice modifications, or academic pursuits of Indigenous tourism. The result of this study will fill crucial empirical research gaps in terms of how cultural restoration, tourism management, and community participation can be optimized for sustainable development with nuanced voices that are necessary to drive policy change as well as practice modifications.

The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health of Young Adults: A Literature Review

Sarinah Sabar — 2024-10-27

This concept paper explores the complex relationship between social media usage and the mental health of young adults. The paper introduces the notion of social media and its significance in the lives of young adult, emphasizing the importance of studying its effects on their mental health and psychological well-being. Social media platforms have become an integral part of daily activities in the lives of young people. It has also become an invasive element in the lives of youth, shaping their social interactions, self-perception, and access to lots of information. Even though these platforms offer opportunities for social connection, creative expression, and educational engagement, they also present significant mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem, which are often driven by social comparison, cyberbullying, and the pressure to maintain an idealized online image. The paper investigates key areas of concern, including the rise of anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem linked to social comparison, cyberbullying, and the relentless pursuit of online validation. It also examines the addictive nature of social media, its impact on sleep, and the destruction of face-to-face social skills. By analysing existing literature and identifying research gaps, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the two-edged nature of social media's influence on mental health. It advocates for the development of digital literacy programs, mental health support systems, and balanced usage strategies to help young people navigate the challenges posed by social media while maximizing its potential benefits.

Understanding Gen Z’s Online Purchase Behavior through their Hedonic and Utilitarian Motivation

Yvonne S.M. Ang — 2024-10-27

The COVID-19 pandemic ushered in lockdowns, limiting consumer movement to their homes and preventing consumers from shopping in brick-and-mortar stores. Consequently, consumers were reliant on e-commerce to manage their daily purchases of goods and services. This exacerbated the use of e-commerce and fast-tracked the growth of the digital economy. In this study, Gen Z’s consumer motivation is investigated using hedonic and utilitarian motivation and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Consumer motivation remains a crucial part of consumer behavior studies given its prominence in influencing consumer action, consumer decision-making and preferences. In particular, the effects of hedonic and utilitarian motivation on online purchase behavior were investigated. This study utilized a quantitative approach through the deployment of a survey questionnaire online. The data from 156 respondents was analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0 utilizing Partial-Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. Approximately 44% of the respondents started shopping online for the first time during the pandemic (i.e., 2020 and 2022). The results indicated that the Gen Z respondents were motivated by utilitarian and hedonic motivation when shopping online, in particular by Idea Shopping motivation and Efficiency motivation. Additionally, Social Influence and Facilitating Conditions were significant factors in influencing Behavioural Intention, and Behavioural Intention influenced Purchase Behaviour. The evidence suggests that the respondents were not novice online shoppers but rather experienced online shoppers.

Exploring Gender Differences in Shaping Total Tourism Experience Quality among Eco-Tourists

Janiffa Saidon — 2024-10-27

This research explored the role of gender as a moderating effect on the relationship between factors affecting ecotourism experiential value. Previous studies have investigated tourist satisfaction; however, the role of gender towards the experiential value remains unclear. More importantly, the tourist’s actual behavior at a destination is a critical determinant factor of tourist loyalty compared to the perception. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to explore the role of gender in the relationship between factors influencing the Ecotourist Experiential Value on Actual Tourist Behaviour. More specifically, this study delved into the consequences of destination experience (i.e. attachment and advocate) and investigated the influence of Ecotourist Experiential Value on Actual Behaviour between genders. A survey was conducted among the Taman Negara patrons in Malaysia. The research model was tested and confirmed with 243 tourists. The data was analyzed using Smart Partial Least Squares which is the variance-based structural equation modelling. The results evoked from the survey indicate that aesthetics is very much important as the influential factors towards positive total experience quality among male compared to female. In contrast, Customer Return on Investment becomes the main concern of female tourists towards Total Experience Quality as compared to male tourists. In light of the major finding, this study accentuates the importance of understanding gender behavior to provide valuable insights for destination marketers to establish positioning plans for the tourism industry.

Macroeconomics Factors Affecting Net Exports of Oil Palm Industry in Malaysia

Azhan Rashid Senawi — 2024-10-27

This quantitative study investigates the impact of oil palm production, oil palm pricing, inflation, and GDP growth rate on the net exports of Malaysia's oil palm industry. This research is aimed at analyzing how the net export of oil palm relates to certain macroeconomic variables. This study has employed multiple regression analysis through Ordinary Least Squares for 26 years of time series data from 1996 to 2020 in Malaysia. The findings from this study improve our understanding of the major factors contributing to net exports in the oil palm industry. Palm oil production, price, as well as GDP growth, drive net export of palm oil in Malaysia found during this research. An increase in production leads to the reduced amount of palm oil exported, all other things remaining constant. Conversely, inflation and GDP growth are major drivers behind the increased net export of palm oil.

Navigating Urban Mobility: The Relationship between Car Consumption and Public Transport Usage in Malaysia

Zuraidah Ismail — 2024-10-27

Increasing private-owned cars in Malaysia has, thus far, contributed to growing congestion, environmental pollution, and decreasing public transport utilization. Car ownership has become possible through economic growth, and convenience and status attached to cars triggered tendencies from shifting to public transit. This development contradicts investments in public transport and aggravates environmental problems. This paper examines the relationship between private car ownership and public transport usage in Malaysia from 2000 to 2022, concentrating on intercity bus services, KTM commuters, and light rail transit. The results indicate that with increased riders for intercity buses and KTM commuter services, car usage drops, while that of light rail may raise car ownership. The study emphasizes the need to upgrade intercity and KTM services to mitigate the pressures of car ownership and calls for further research into the role of light rail.

Consumer Green Products through the Lens of Bibliometrics: Trends analysis

Nani Ilyana Shafie — 2024-10-27

The growth of articles is reflected in the increasing interdisciplinary research and publications on consumer green products. Scholars from fields as diverse as business, management and accounting, environmental science, social science, and engineering have contributed to more than 400 publications. This article aims to understand the growth of green consumer products by using bibliometric analysis. With the limitation set only for the final stage and English used, a total of 1961 articles were published in the Scopus database from 1990 to 2024. The analysis of document and source types, top keywords, and other bibliometric indicators was explained. In addition, Publish or Perish software was used to analyze citation metrics and highly cited articles. As the global focus on sustainability intensifies, research in this field will likely continue to grow. Future studies should lengthen this work to other article databases such as WOS and Google Scholar to understand how consumer green products can contribute to a more sustainable business future. Besides that, the researcher also can explore how the green marketing mix influences consumer intention to purchase green products available in the market.

The Impact of Student Attitude on Information, Communication, Creation Skills and Student Engagement

Ho Khai Xin — 2024-10-27

The Malaysian education system is guided by the Malaysia Education Blueprint, which drives the overall quality and effectiveness of education in the country. This study provides insights and assists in forming informed guidelines for the Ministry of Education regarding the impact of skill factors. The relationship between the direct effects of these three primary skills and attitudes is supported by Self-Efficacy Theory (SET). The indirect relationship, where attitude mediates the effects of these skills on student engagement, is supported by Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). A questionnaire was distributed to local university students currently in their fourth semester and analyzed using the Structural Equation Model using Partial Least Square (PLS). The structural model results direct relationship between attitude and student engagement and between information skills and attitude. In addition, the mediation analysis shows that the relationship between information skills and student engagement, mediated by student attitude, was significant. Based on these results, it is recommended that the Ministry of Education focus on providing supportive resources, such as learning environments and training for educators, in the upcoming Malaysia Education Blueprint for 2026 to 2036. Additionally, offering Digital Literacy Programs to equip students with information skills can positively influence student attitudes and thereby increase the level of student engagement, which is crucial for improving the academic performance and achievement of Malaysia’s educational system. Future research should include a cross-cultural comparison to reconsider educational theories for Asian countries, as many theories are currently based on Western educational settings and contexts.

Public Perception Towards Insurance Companies in Malaysia

Nurul Hidayah Zainal — 2024-10-27

Nowadays, the insurance sector is regulated and driven by profit maximization, just like other providers of financial services. We have been taught that insurance is essential for peace of mind, yet customers generally have a poor perception of insurance providers, and this view is even more evident among younger clients who are so important to the industry's future. The objective of this study is to investigate factors that influence public perception of insurance companies in Malaysia, including fraud, claim settlement, and knowledge. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. This survey was conducted using questionnaires and 110 randomly selected insurance policyholders. The study's findings suggest that the public's perception of insurance companies is significantly influenced by knowledge. As a result, this outcome will assist insurance companies in developing new formulas that take the criteria mentioned above into account to serve the public interest.

The Relationship Between Employee Engagement, Physical Wellness, Work-Life Balance and Employee Well-Being

Dayang Nailul Munna Abg Abdullah — 2024-10-27

Employees often face challenges in finding work environments that consistently promote their well-being, despite spending a significant portion of their lives at work. This research investigates how employee engagement, work-life balance, and physical wellness relate to employee well-being at Nabati Food Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. Using a quantitative approach, the study tested three hypotheses through a survey with 187 participants, utilizing convenient sampling and an online questionnaire. Data were analyzed with the SPSS version 24.0. The results showed significant relationships between all variables and employee well-being, with employee engagement having the most substantial impact. The study recognized its limitations and provided recommendations for future research. Overall, the findings offer valuable insights for Nabati Food Malaysia and the fast-moving consumer goods sector, emphasizing the importance of enhancing employee well-being to improve business operations and employee satisfaction.

From Gaming Elements to Purchase Intentions: The Influence of Perceived Enjoyment and Promotion Focus in Online Travel Bookings

Janiffa Saidon — 2024-10-27

This study examines the impact of gamification on purchase intentions in Malaysia's online travel booking industry. As traditional platforms like Expedia face declining bookings due to economic challenges and the rise of competitors such as Airbnb, Agoda, and Booking.com, understanding the role of gamification in user engagement becomes crucial. The research employs Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze the effects of extrinsic and intrinsic gaming elements, perceived enjoyment, and promotional focus on purchase intention. A total of 141 respondents participated in the survey and the key findings reveal that extrinsic gaming elements, including points and rewards, have a significantly stronger impact on perceived enjoyment than intrinsic elements like membership levels. This heightened enjoyment, in turn, positively influences purchase intention. Additionally, the study finds that promotional focus moderates the relationship between perceived enjoyment and purchase intention, further enhancing the effect. The Importance-Performance Map Analysis (IPMA) indicates that while intrinsic gaming elements perform below average, they are less critical than other factors. Managers should prioritize improving aspects of high importance, but currently have, low performance to boost purchase intentions effectively. Overall, the research provides actionable insights for enhancing competitiveness in Malaysia's digital travel marketplace, emphasizing the need for targeted gamification strategies to align with evolving consumer preferences. The findings offer a foundation for developing strategies that can help travel platforms maintain relevance and drive engagement in a competitive landscape.

Empowering Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: A Conceptual Paper on Exploring the Impact of Government Support on SMEs in Malaysia

Zarith Delaila Abd Aziz — 2024-10-27

SMEs continue to be a backbone for the development and growth of the economy in countries around the world. The success of SMEs depends on the effectiveness of EEs. One of the components of EEs that may contribute to the success of SMEs is government support. This paper proposes a conceptualization of the impact of government support (EE component), particularly on financial support and business support for SMEs in Selangor, Malaysia. This conceptual research provides important suggestions for researchers to assess the impact of government support on SME’s business performance and also offers valuable insight for policymakers and other stakeholders to effectively design the initiatives that could enhance the growth and development of SMEs.

Manual Madness: Challenges of Contract Renewal in Campus Vending Machine Business

Mohamad Naqiuddin Md Mansor — 2024-10-27

The vending machine industry has evolved from conventional to connected machines. Vending machines are currently in wide use and typically involve a remote machine holding a plurality of products or items to be dispensed after receiving money from a purchaser. The industry has gone beyond just delivering snacks and is developing new and sophisticated retail solutions for both large and small companies. In this study, a qualitative inquiry was conducted in one of the branch universities of the largest public universities in Malaysia. A total of three vending machine entrepreneurs were qualitatively interviewed individually. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed to find a common theme. As a result, three challenges were identified: using a lot of paper, being time-consuming, and having no alert process. Contract renewal is significant and should not be taken for granted and it is a far-sighted move for a business manager to use the most efficient process from start to end. The respondent agreed that the current renewal process is redundant and time-consuming. Therefore, the researchers proposed to all the parties to reduce the hassle of renewing the contract. Based on this research, the authority department in public or private universities can develop an innovation in monitoring systems to improve the process. The results can provide suitable coping strategies for business owners to have the best practices for a contract renewal mechanism.

The Impact of Visual Stimuli on Online Shopper’s Emotion: Applying S-O-R Theory in Online Fashion Retail

Shahira Ariffin — 2024-10-27

This study investigates the impact of visual stimuli on consumer emotions and purchase behaviour in online shopping environments, using the Pleasure, Arousal, and Dominance (P-A-D) model as a theoretical framework. It investigates how visual aspects, including website aesthetics, product photography, and design complexity, influence consumer pleasure, arousal, and dominance, ultimately influencing purchase intentions. Visually appealing and well-planned visual material makes consumers feel better, increasing engagement and the likelihood of purchasing. Furthermore, it discovers that increased arousal can lead to impulsive purchasing behaviours, yet a sense of power or control increases consumer confidence and satisfaction. The study emphasises the necessity of combining visual and experiential aspects to create immersive online buying experiences. Theoretical implications recommend a more in-depth analysis of the P-A-D model's applicability in e-commerce. In contrast, managerial implications assert visual design optimisation to improve consumer interactions and sales.

Promoting and ImprovinPromoting and Improving the Tourism Industry in Malaysia through Tourist Satisfactiong the Tourism Industry in Malaysia through Tourist Satisfaction

Abdul Kadir Othman — 2024-10-27

Tourism is an important sector that contributes to the countries’ economies. Tourism has a direct relationship with other industries such as hotels, transportation, and retail as tourists who come to the country will spend their money on these categories. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the tourism industry was badly affected and so did the other related industries. Now, people are back visiting attractive places, staying in hotels during their visits, and spending money on food and other items. However, little is known about why people are attracted to visit some places or countries and not others. The study is meant to investigate the factors that lead to tourist satisfaction when they visit a country. A total of 150 respondents answered the survey that was distributed to students, and public and private sector employees in Malaysia through an online platform. The results indicated that accommodation, tourism products and host attitudes were significant in leading to tourist satisfaction. While price was not a significant predictor of tourist satisfaction. The practical and theoretical implications of the study are discussed at length in this paper.

Understanding Factors Affecting Inclusions of Students with Disabilities in Higher Education: A Study among Non-Disabled University Students

Saadiah Juliana Saadun — 2024-10-27

Inclusive education for people with disabilities is gaining importance globally, with improving factors that support the inclusion of students with disabilities in higher education as a key objective. This study explores how societal and environmental factors shape perceptions of disability, rather than viewing it solely as an individual limitation. A non-probability convenience sampling method was employed, involving 279 university students from six different faculties. Data were analyzed through frequency distribution and SPSS to examine the attitudes of non-disabled students toward the inclusion of their disabled peers in higher education. The findings reveal that environmental barriers are strongly associated with the attitudes of non-disabled students toward their peers with disabilities (r = .693, p < .01), indicating that these barriers significantly impact how students perceive and interact with those who have impairments. The non-disabled students identified specific environmental factors that either support or hinder the inclusion of disabled students in university settings. This research highlights the need for addressing environmental obstacles to foster a more inclusive and supportive educational environment for all students.

Understanding the Impact of Social and Facilitating Factors on Drone Adoption in the Takaful Sector of Malaysia and Indonesia

Amirul Afif Muhamat — 2024-10-27

The takaful industry, a sector that is guided by Shariah-compliant principles, is progressively investigating cutting-edge technologies to improve service delivery and operational efficiency. This study investigates the influence of social factors and facilitating conditions on the intention to adopt drone technology within the Takaful sector in Malaysia and Indonesia. A quantitative research design was employed, with data collected from 68 Takaful professionals. The results were analyzed using correlation and regression techniques. The findings revealed that social influence and facilitating conditions significantly impact behavior intention, while performance and effort expectancy were found to be less important. Additionally, the study integrates Maqasid Shariah principles, ensuring that the adoption of drone technology aligns with Islamic ethical considerations. The study also urges more investigation to investigate the generalisability of these results over many cultural and legal environments as well as the possible impact of developing technologies like artificial intelligence and blockchain on the sector.

Students' Satisfaction with the Choice of Public Transport Mobility in UiTM Puncak Alam

Natasha Dzulkalnine — 2024-10-27

Transportation is essential for facilitating movement and contributing to economic development. This study aims to measure student satisfaction with public transportation mobility at UiTM Puncak Alam. Understanding the level of satisfaction derived from transportation services is crucial for enhancing student experiences. The main focus of this research is to identify the factors influencing student satisfaction with public transport services, specifically examining reliability, convenience, frequency, and safety in UiTM Puncak Alam. A correlation study was conducted to explore the relationships between these factors and student satisfaction. The research utilized a non-probability convenience sampling method, distributing a questionnaire to 217 students from the Faculty of Business and Management. Data collection occurred over three months, from October 2022 to December 2022, using online questionnaires. The findings indicate that comfort, frequency, and safety significantly influenced student satisfaction. Numerous students expressed their dissatisfaction with the old buses, inconsistent service schedules, and safety issues. These elements were discovered to influence students' selection of public transportation and their overall contentment. The research also highlighted concerns like bus conditions, driver behavior, and punctuality, all of which affect student satisfaction and academic achievement. Based on these findings, the study suggests increasing the bus fleet, enhancing service frequency, and strengthening safety measures to better address student needs and boost their overall satisfaction with public transportation at UiTM Puncak Alam.

The Impact of Health Communication Competence towards Electronic Word of Mouth (e-WOM) in Health Information Sharing among Internet Users in Malaysia

Nur Athirah Sumardi — 2024-10-27

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered daily activities, with Malaysians increasingly relying on the internet for various tasks, such as e-commerce and booking health appointments. This descriptive study applied a cross-sectional approach to explore the relationship between health communication competence and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) among internet users in Malaysia. A total of 400 respondents, selected through quota sampling from four regions, completed a questionnaire divided into three sections: demographic background, health communication competence, and e-WOM. The findings indicated that Malaysian internet users possess fair health communication competence. Correlational analysis showed significant relationships between health communication competence—specifically adherence, critical and participative communication, and active disease-related communication—and e-WOM. However, multiple regression analysis identified critical and participative communication as the strongest predictor of e-WOM in health information sharing. The research met its three objectives and supported all four hypotheses, contributing valuable insights to a previously under-researched area and offering a foundation for future exploration of these variables.

Determinants of Student’s Satisfaction Towards Bus Service Quality in UiTM Cawangan Selangor

Nor Zaihan Mat Hasan — 2024-10-27

Bus service around the campus is essential for the movement of students to undergo academic and co-curricular activities. Student satisfaction with the quality of the bus service provided needs to be considered. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between empathy, perceived value, reliability and timeliness and also to examine the greatest predictors among all four variables towards student satisfaction with the quality of bus services at UiTM Cawangan Selangor. In total, 200 undergraduate university students took part in the research as survey respondents. The SPSS version 29 was used to analyze the data. The findings from the analysis revealed that empathy, perceived value, reliability and timeliness were found significantly correlated with student satisfaction. In addition, the reliability was highly significant in determining student satisfaction. The practical and theoretical implications of understanding the characteristics of empathy, perceived value, reliability and timeliness will make university administrators and service providers more concerned with student satisfaction to improve the quality of bus services provided. In addition, the results of this study also aim to provide insights that can be taken into action by the parties concerned in improving service delivery and the overall student experience.

The Smart Organization Movement: A Review and Research Agenda for Digital Competencies

Ainie Hairianie Aluwi — 2024-10-27

In the rapidly evolving landscape of the digital era, organizations are grappling with the imperative to cultivate and harness digital competencies among their workforce to remain competitive. The 12th Malaysia Plan Mid-Term Review (12MP MTR), under one of the 17 Big Bold Measures calls for strengthening sectors and industries with high growth and high value (HGHV). The call to focus on Global Business Services (GBS), identified as one of the strategic industries on the digital competencies of its future work talent is deemed imperative in producing a future agile workforce. The advent of emerging technologies and the increasing interdependence of various industries on digital platforms necessitate a future workforce that embodies agility in adapting to change. This problem statement delves into the pressing issues surrounding digital competencies and the imperative for a future workforce model characterized by agility. Hence, the main objective of this study is to explore a Digital Competency Model for the Malaysian future agile workforce. Academics and practitioners could also refer to this study to enhance their knowledge of digital competencies and workforce agility using a smart organization perspective.

Enhancing Employee Retention: The Impact of Training, Career Development and Remuneration Benefits in Selected Manufacturing Companies of Johor Bahru

Nur Syafiqah Jamaludin — 2024-10-27

The lack of employee retention programs is the most persistent difficulty in most organizations today. Employees are a crucial and precious asset for an organization for them to achieve their company goals and objectives. This has raised the demand for staff training programs, career development, and remuneration benefits in most organizations to ensure employee retention. The study aimed to identify the influence of employee training, career development, and remuneration benefits on employee retention in selected manufacturing companies in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. For data collection, a structured questionnaire was administered to 152 employees from seven departments of manufacturing companies in Johor Bahru. All the data was analyzed using SPSS statistics. The finding implies that career development appeared to be the most significant variable among all independent variables. Therefore, organizations should put more focus on the improvement of career development among their employees. Top management should emphasize career development and regularly offer training programs to gain employees’ interest in staying in the organizations. Top management should also highlight the importance and benefits of the career development programs and encourage them to join. This in turn enhances retention and increases productivity at selected manufacturing companies in Johor Bahru, Johor.

Hypothesis Test of Human Capital Investment Determinants on Institution’s Performance Using PLS-SEM Approach

Farahiyah Akmal Mat Nawi — 2024-10-27

Accelerating the quality of education institutions remains a priority for Malaysian Government as it forms the foundation for building a high caliber talent in the labor market. Focusing on improving the quality of universities one of the main concerns is to develop the human quality through increasing the quality and resilience of human capital as the enabler towards competitive global market. In general, this paper recognizes the findings on the role of human capital investment (HCI) determinants and their significant contribution to institution’s performance. It also emphasizes the roles of HCI in institution's success and survival in a highly competitive business environment as highlighted in The Twelfth Malaysia Plan (2021-2025) and Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015-2025. Human capital strategically contributes to the quality of academics in turn affects issues such as inefficient labor markers in achieving the greater quality of Malaysia's education system specifically. Hence, to analyze the contribution of determinants a theoretical model was constructed underlined by Human Capital Theory, Resource Based View (RBV) and Malcom Baldrige criteria. Then to obtain the feedback a survey consisting of sixty (66) items with a seven (7) Likert scale was used as the measurement instrument to gather the data from 309 lecturers in UiTM. Data then were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling approach on the SmartPLS3 platform. The result explained coefficient of determination (R²) value of 66.9% suggested that the variance of institution performance could moderately be explained by HCI determinants where knowledge, skill and training positively influenced the performance of the institution.

Navigating the Social Shift: A Preliminary Study of Consumer Behavior on Malaysia's Social Commerce Platforms

Juliana Norizan — 2024-10-27

The proliferation of online businesses coupled with the advancement of information and communication technologies (ICT) has led to the emergence of social commerce. The integration of social media platforms into e-commerce offers businesses a convenient avenue for engaging with consumers and a novel method for capturing additional sales volume. This seamless integration of social media platforms into current e-commerce practices has significantly increased its success. Research on the factors that affect purchase intentions in social commerce is still sparse, especially in the context of Malaysian consumers. In general, the causal model of purchase intentions on social commerce in this study aims to investigate the impact of the constructs of visibility and metavoicing on purchase intentions among Malaysian millennial consumers. Henceforth, this initial study specifically aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the IT affordance constructs of visibility and metavoicing through rigorous assessments. At the items-construct level, the internal consistency assessment was conducted using McDonald’s Omega, which is known for its robustness in measuring the reliability of multi-item constructs. At the construct level, discriminant validity and the strength of linear relationships among variables were assessed using Pearson correlation analysis. The pilot dataset gathered was analyzed with SPSS 29, and the results have validated that the predictive model achieved high levels of reliability and validity at both the item and construct levels. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the independent variables, metavoicing and visibility, have a significant association with purchase intentions, underscoring their importance in understanding consumer behavior.

What Makes Customers Choose Certain Courier Services Over the Others?

Abdul Kadir Othman — 2024-10-27

The COVID-19 pandemic has proliferated courier service companies due to increasing customer demand. Customers prefer some courier service companies over others because of certain factors, including timeliness, order discrepancy, personal contact quality, order condition, and operational information sharing. The study investigates the factors contributing to customer satisfaction when choosing courier services. A survey questionnaire was distributed to customers to gauge their overall level of satisfaction and assessment of potential contributing factors. Respondents were selected from those who have experience using the courier service. From the results of multiple regression analysis, four factors, timeliness, personal contact quality, order condition, and operational information sharing, significantly influence customer satisfaction when choosing courier service. Order discrepancy does not significantly influence customer satisfaction because customers trust the courier service providers to provide the service as expected. The implications of the study are discussed in the paper.

Towards Malaysia MADANI: Do Leadership Styles Influence Innovative Work Behavior? A Conceptual Framework for the Malaysian Public Sector

Zuliana Zainol Abidin — 2024-10-27

Transformational leadership, known for inspiring and motivating employees, has been positively linked to creativity and innovation, while ambidextrous leadership, which balances exploration and exploitation behaviors and supports both idea generation and implementation. This article provides a conceptual framework for the influence of transformational and ambidextrous leadership on innovative work behavior (IWB) among PTD officers as middle managers in Malaysian public service. The first proposition is transformational leadership positively influences innovative work behavior. The second proposition is ambidextrous leadership positively influences innovative work behavior. This model will be further tested using a quantitative research method, survey questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS and PLS-SEM. Accordingly, understanding of IWB in public sector settings is enhanced. The findings demonstrate the application of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and thus offer new theoretical insights and practical suggestions. Thus, this study highlights the importance of work behavior that drives innovation and positive values among employees in determining productivity and efficiency in the public sector, offering valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners.

Women's Empowerment through Islamic Microfinancing Initiatives for Microenterprises

Rafiatul Adlin Hj Mohd Ruslan — 2024-10-27

Women's empowerment has increasingly been recognized as a critical component of sustainable economic development. Islamic microfinancing initiatives have emerged as a promising mechanism to support women's financial activities, particularly in Muslim-majority communities. Islamic microfinance is differentiated from conventional microfinance by emphasizing risk-sharing and commitment to social justice. This study explores the pivotal role of Islamic microfinancing initiatives in empowering women. The study adopts a conceptual framework that integrates various dimensions of empowerment such as economic, social, and psychological. By analyzing key factors such as loan amount, loan tenure, financial literacy support, support networks, age and sector of microenterprise, entrepreneurial experience, education level, and household income, this study aims to assess the impact of these initiatives on women's empowerment. Moreover, it is anticipated to offer valuable perspectives on the efficacy of Islamic microfinancing as a means to empower women. Furthermore, the findings are expected to guide policymakers and practitioners in designing and implementing more effective microfinancing programs that address the specific needs of women, thereby contributing to broader socio-economic progress.

Job-Hopping Intention Among Lecturers in Private Education Institutions

Muhammad Ridhwan Mat Zaki — 2024-10-27

The practice of frequently changing jobs known as job-hopping is increasingly prevalent across industries, including academia in search of better opportunities or personal growth. Due to this situation, it is more challenging for educational institutions, particularly in the private education sector to retain highly skilled lecturers in the organization. This study aims to identify the relationship between job-hopping intention among lecturers in private educational institutions and the factors that are job satisfaction, job motivation, psychological contract, and person-environment fit. Data was collected from 260 respondents across all KPTM branches through questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 29. The findings show that strong psychological contract negatively influences job-hopping. On the other hand, job satisfaction, job motivation, and person-environment fit show no significant influence. This study not only provides a deeper understanding of job-hopping motivation but also gives valuable insight for policymakers to develop strategies and modules that enhance job satisfaction and retention among lecturers, especially in private education institutions.

The Role of Government Health Expenditure in Driving Economic Growth: Evidence from OECD Countries

Nur Kamilah Husna Abas — 2024-10-27

This study examines the influence of government health expenditure and life expectancy on economic growth. The study makes use of panel data analysis and utilizes data from the OECD nations between 2000 and 2021. The study applies panel data analysis using POLS, FEM and REM models and dynamic GMM models. The study also gauges the moderating role of life expectancy on the relationship between government health expenditure and economic growth. The results indicate that government expenditure on health hurts economic growth. A detrimental relationship between life expectancy and economic growth indicates that higher life expectancy could result in elevated healthcare and financial expenses. Nevertheless, the interactive regression model suggests that there is no significant moderation of the association between government expenditure on health and economic growth by life expectancy, implying that the influence of government health expenditure on economic growth is generally unaffected by demographic changes. These findings emphasize the significance of differentiating between the short-term and long-term economic consequences of healthcare expenditure. This study offers insights into the optimization of public spending in OECD nations to promote sustainable economic growth and enhance public health outcomes.

Determinants of Online Dating Application Among Millennials

Norlelawati Jamaludin — 2024-10-27

Online dating has become increasingly popular in recent years, these platforms provide a convenient and accessible way to meet new people. Studies on the use of dating applications among men and women highlight how these technologies shape communication practices and social relationships. For this study, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) was applied to discover the determinants of online dating apps’ adoption intention. Possible determinants that might affect the intention to adopt online dating apps are sought and critically reviewed. The variables proposed in this research include performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and an additional variable – trust. Five hypotheses were constructed, questionnaires were distributed and responses were collected to determine the adoption intention of young millennials in Malaysia. The test results indicated that trust, performance expectancy and social influence influenced the adoption intention of online dating applications. Based on the results, for performance expectancy, it was revealed that users expressed concerns about the utility of dating applications in facilitating beneficial functions, such as broadening social networks, enhancing dating opportunities, and meeting dating needs. For social influence, it revealed that individuals, especially peers, who hold significance in their lives, influence their decision to engage with online dating apps. These influential individuals impact the users' intentions by communicating the benefits of online dating apps and recommending their use. As trust improves, millennials are less reluctant to adopt online dating apps, contributing to an increase in the user base for such applications

The Impact of Consumer Ethics on Intention to Purchase Counterfeit Fashion Products

Mohadzlishah Mazli — 2024-10-27

The issue of counterfeiting has long plagued many industries including fashion, automotive, electronics, and pharmaceutical. Companies face various challenges when it comes to dealing with the issue of counterfeiting, which results in financial implications, loss of brand reputation, and many more. From a consumer perspective, counterfeit is the cheaper option in a market where consumers are spoilt for choice. Advancements in technology have helped manufacturers of counterfeit to increase the similarity and to a certain extent the quality of their products to their genuine counterparts. Thus, the demand for counterfeit products in general kept rising over the years. This research looks at the influence of perceived behavioral control and consumer ethics in influencing consumer intention to purchase counterfeit fashion products. A partial least squares (PLS) approach to structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that there is a negative relationship between perceived behavioral control and intention and a positive relationship between consumer ethics and intention.

Factors Influencing The Usage of Stress Relief Applications: From The Psychological Perspective

Khairul Nazlin Kamaruzaman — 2024-10-27

Stress remains one of the most difficult challenges in responding to various situations. It elicits negative thoughts and feelings in the person. Counseling, training, exercise, and other methods effectively reduce stress. However, with the advancement of technology, different approaches to dealing with it have emerged. One of the types of digital health applications was stress relief applications. This application was starting to become famous as an alternative to help individuals manage their stress levels. Numerous stress-management or stress-relief applications are available for smartphones and tablets. These applications include a variety of stress-reduction techniques, including meditation, mindfulness breathing, cognitive behavioral therapy, and relaxation techniques. This review paper explores the psychological factors influencing the usage of stress relief applications. In this review paper, researchers focused on perceived stress, motivation for self-care, and cognitive engagement. Understanding these psychological factors can help the individual experiencing high stress levels to utilize the stress relief application. Besides, for the application developers, it gives the idea to create compelling digital tools that cater to users' specific needs and preferences, ultimately promoting better stress management and overall well-being.

Help! I Have Been Thinking to Do It Lately: Workplace Mistreatment and Suicidal Ideation Among Internship Students in Klang Valley

Mohamad Shahril Mohamad Besir — 2024-10-27

Workplace mistreatment, such as bullying, abusive supervision, and interpersonal conflict, is increasingly conceded as a critical issue affecting the mental health of junior professionals, particularly interns. Due to their momentary status, high expectations, and lack of support, interns are highly susceptible to negative workplace interactions that can lead to severe psychological outcomes such as including suicidal ideation. Drawing on the Fluid Vulnerability Theory, this study aims to examine the prevalence and impact of various forms of workplace mistreatment on suicidal ideation among internship students in Malaysia, providing insights for effective intervention strategies. The study used a cross-sectional research design and involved 247 internship students from the Faculty of Business and Management at UiTM Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Data were collected through a structured online questionnaire assessing experiences of workplace bullying, abusive supervision, interpersonal conflict, and suicidal ideation. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis, were employed to examine the relationships between the variables. The analysis revealed significant correlations between workplace bullying, abusive supervision, and interpersonal conflict with suicidal ideation. Regression models indicated that workplace bullying and interpersonal conflict were significant predictors of suicidal ideation, accentuating the critical need for targeted interventions in educational and professional environments. The findings suggest that workplace mistreatment significantly contributes to suicidal ideation among interns, highlighting the importance of developing supportive interventions and policies. Addressing workplace mistreatment through targeted programs can improve mental health outcomes for young professionals and foster healthier work environments.

Determinant of Family Takaful Adoption Among Puncak Alam Residents

Mohd Faizol Rizal Mohd Rasid — 2024-10-27

This study investigates the key determinants influencing the adoption of family takaful among residents of Puncak Alam, Selangor. Despite the strategic design of family takaful to provide financial protection, particularly for low-income earners in the event of financial loss, its market penetration in Malaysia remains low. This raises important questions about the barriers to its widespread adoption, despite extensive promotional efforts by the takaful industry. The research aims to address these challenges by identifying and analyzing the factors that hinder the broader uptake of family takaful. A quantitative and descriptive research approach was adopted to gain a deeper understanding of the issue. Data collection was conducted using random sampling techniques, and the responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The study involved a structured survey of 100 respondents from Puncak Alam, which examined the impact of three key variables - price, knowledge, and satisfaction - on the adoption of family takaful. The findings of this study underscore the significance of these three factors in shaping consumers' decision-making processes regarding family takaful. Price, as an indicator of affordability, knowledge about family takaful products, and the level of satisfaction with existing services, were all found to significantly influence adoption rates. By highlighting these critical determinants, the research provides valuable insights for policymakers, takaful operators, and financial service providers to refine their strategies and promote wider adoption of family takaful, ultimately enhancing financial security for the Malaysian population.

Reflections of Economic Shocks and Price of Crude Oil on Gold Price Volatility within Asian Nations

Zetty Zahureen Mohd Yusoff — 2024-10-27

The focus of this study is to examine the effects of economic shocks along with the crude oil price on gold prices in Asian countries. This study utilizes a regression analysis to measure the relationship between the macroeconomic indicators, crude oil price, and gold price in six selected nations from 1990 until 2022. The validity of the data was diagnostically checked by performing a VIF procedure, autocorrelation test, and normality test on residual, and data were analyzed via EViews software. The analysis showed mixed findings, however, a major variable that positively affects the fluctuation of the gold price is “the crude oil price” and it reflects global economic stability in the six countries. A sudden rise in crude oil prices might trigger conflicts in oil-exporting countries and limit access to material sources. This situation may force investors to move their funds into a safe-haven commodity like gold. The fluctuations in crude oil prices are not only a response to current market conditions but also alarming a lot more fundamental problems in an economy, which include approaching economic recessions, currency devaluation and a major financial crisis. For practical implications, this study suggests that policymakers pay extra attention to this commodity besides other economic indicators like inflation, interest and currency rates, and a GDP rate to ensure a sustainable economic condition. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first that examines the economic shocks along with crude oil prices pre-and-post COVID-19 pandemic focusing on a few Asian countries.

Determinants of Inflation Rate Fluctuations in Five ASEAN Nations

Norliza Che Yahya — 2024-10-27

This paper examines the key relationships between independent variables and inflation fluctuations in the ASEAN-5 countries, which include Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines. Using annual data from 2001 to 2020, a static panel data regression model is employed. The empirical results reveal that at least two independent variables significantly impact inflation rates in these five ASEAN nations. Specifically, the unemployment rate has a significant negative correlation with inflation fluctuations, while economic growth shows a significant positive correlation. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into how exchange rate determinants influence inflation fluctuations, highlighting the importance of balanced policies to address the interactions between unemployment, economic growth, and inflation.

Exploring the Relationship between Individual Information Technology Ethics and Netizenship Behaviors

Nor Afni Md Sari — 2024-10-27

In the digital age, information technology (IT) ethics plays a critical role in shaping netizenship behavior within online communities. This concept paper examines the relationship between individual IT ethics and netizenship behavior and emphasizes how ethical principles guide responsible and constructive participation in digital spaces. Based on theoretical frameworks such as the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Digital Citizenship, the article examines the influence of ethical IT practices on positive netizenship, including factors such as digital literacy, hierarchical influence and cultural or religious values. The review shows that people with strong IT ethics are more likely to engage in responsible online behavior, promoting healthier digital environments. By identifying gaps in the existing literature, the paper proposes a conceptual model to guide future empirical research on how ethical IT use influences digital citizenship. The findings highlight the importance of promoting IT ethics and digital literacy to improve online interactions and contribute to more engaged, respectful and responsible digital communities.

Fostering Nurses’ Support in the Workplace: Addressing Job Burnout Among Malaysian Medical Doctors Working in Public Hospitals

Nor Farehan Omar — 2024-10-27

Job burnout in employees is caused by individual factors, including demographic characteristics and nurses’ support. This study analyzed the relationship between nurses’ support and job burnout among medical doctors in Malaysian public hospitals. This research was a correlational study with a cross-sectional design. The research sample was 471 employees, using the non-probability sampling method with the purposive and quota sampling techniques. Data collection used the Abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory (aMBI) and nurses’ support items. The data in this study were analyzed using the Statistical Package Social Science (SPSS) and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) software. Findings suggest that 77 medical doctors who participated in the study were from Hospital Pulau Pinang, from the Emergency Department, mostly female, ranging from 24-56 years old, single, and have an MBBS education level. The study assessed the measurement model’s loading, average variance extracted (AVE), and composite reliability (CR) where the loadings were above 0.60. AVEs were greater than 0.50 and CRs were greater than 0.708. Additionally, the bootstrap BCI LL (-0.079) and UL (-0.002) for nurses’ support and job burnout were not straddled a 0 in between. Job burnout had a negative association with nurses’ support. In particular, nurses’ support towards medical doctors lowers their risk of job burnout, which has a substantial impact on medical doctors’ overall well-being. The findings indicated that medical doctors who had complete support from their nurses performed their jobs more efficiently, displayed good task performance, and experienced less job burnout.

From Local Markets to Global Success: A Case Study on Scaling and Innovating in the Food Manufacturing Company

Nor Harlina Abd Hamid — 2024-10-27

This paper aims to analyze the development process of a famous food manufacturing company that started only in local farmer markets aiming at snacks and agricultural products. Looking back at the different fiscal years, the company has acquired numerous accomplishments, hence attributing it to a strong focus on quality and innovation. There are several serious issues that a company faces while the strategies revealed above are to establish and consolidate a position in the rapidly growing food manufacturing industry. Some of these are the challenges of globalization, diversification of product portfolio, sustaining innovation, and building a strong and easily identifiable brand. In this paper analyzing the specifics of the company’s development, its strategic directions, and defining the major issues and problem-solving approaches in responding to these complex challenges a certain group of questions will be highlighted. The paper discusses the factors that have facilitated the effectiveness of its strategic management concerning the achievement of the firm’s goals and sustained growth amidst challenges. From the examination of the company’s strategic choices, operating changes, and patterns of analyzing the market environment, this study has gone a long way in establishing the key dynamics underlying operation scaling within the food manufacturing industry. The lessons from this case suggest that to sustain a commitment and build a highly competitive mass-market business over time there is a need for flexibility, creativity, and vision.

The Effect of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Students' Learning

Hairunnisa Ma’amor — 2024-10-27

Various studies have been conducted to identify factors that contribute to student engagement, personalized learning experience, and student academic performance. The evolution of technology offers various benefits including in the education sector. To date, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education has been seen to provide various benefits. This study aims to identify the relationship between the usage of AI with student engagement, personalized learning experience, and student academic performance. Data was collected from 110 undergraduate students from the Faculty of Business and Management, UiTM Puncak Alam Campus using a questionnaire. 106 data were analyzed using SPSS version 29. The findings show that AI usage for study purposes significantly influences student’s engagement and academic performance. On the other hand, the usage of AI and personalized learning experience show no significant influence. This study not only provides a deeper understanding of the context of AI usage for better student engagement and academic performance but also gives valuable insight for UiTM and faculty specifically to develop strategies and modules that enhance the implementation and usage of AI in their learning activities.

A Study of Long-Run Equilibrium Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment and Its Key Determinants in Malaysia

Mohd Fairuzz Rosli — 2024-10-27

This study investigates the long-run equilibrium relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and its key determinants in Malaysia. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model on annual data between 1971 and 2021. The key findings confirm a long-run equilibrium relationship between FDI and the selected macroeconomic variables as a group. However, the individual impact of gross domestic product, inflation, exchange rate, and trade openness on FDI is not statistically significant when analyzed separately. Specifically, the long-run results suggest that the determinants do not have significant effects on FDI. Meanwhile, the short-run relationship between FDI and its determinants in Malaysia reveals a complex interplay of factors. Inflation and exchange rates play significant roles, with inflation generally encouraging FDI and exchange rate volatility creating mixed effects. Trade openness on the other hand shows some short-run significance but it is not consistently impactful. The error correction (ECM) model also confirms the existence of a long-run relationship. It highlights that while short-term fluctuations can occur, FDI tends to move towards a long-term equilibrium influenced by a relatively moderate speed of adjustment. The key conclusion implies that FDI is influenced by the combined effect of these variables in the longer term, but the individual contribution of each variable is not strong enough to stand out statistically. This research contributes to the understanding of FDI dynamics in Malaysia by providing insights, thereby informing policymakers and investors about effective strategies to attract and leverage FDI for sustainable development.

The Dominance of TikTok in Shaping Online Purchasing Intention

Faizah Md Sohid — 2024-10-27

In recent years, TikTok has emerged as a dominant force in the realm of social media, captivating millions worldwide with its short-form video content. This paper explores the significant influence of TikTok on consumers' online purchase intentions. Through an examination of relevant literature and empirical studies, the paper elucidates the mechanisms through which TikTok impacts consumer behavior and decision-making processes. It delves into the role of user-generated content, influencer marketing, and algorithmic recommendations in shaping consumer preferences and driving purchase intentions on the platform. Additionally, the paper discusses the unique features of TikTok, such as its immersive and engaging format, personalized content delivery, and seamless integration of e-commerce functionalities, which contribute to its efficacy as a persuasive tool for brands and marketers. Furthermore, the paper highlights the implications of TikTok's dominance for businesses seeking to leverage the platform for marketing purposes and outlines strategies for effectively harnessing its potential to enhance online sales and brand engagement. Overall, this paper sheds light on the transformative influence of TikTok in the digital landscape and underscores its pivotal role in shaping contemporary consumer behavior and purchase intentions.

Technological Innovation for Sustainable Supply Chain Management in the Food Industry

Fu Rui — 2024-10-27

This study explores the critical role of technological innovations—specifically blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI)—in enhancing sustainable supply chain management within Malaysia's food industry. As the industry faces increasing pressure to adopt sustainable practices due to environmental concerns, regulatory demands, and consumer expectations, these technologies offer significant potential for improving traceability, reducing waste, and optimizing operational efficiency. The research highlights how blockchain enhances transparency and ethical sourcing, IoT enables real-time monitoring to minimize waste, and AI optimizes demand forecasting and inventory management, reducing overproduction and resource waste. However, the study also identifies substantial barriers to the adoption of these technologies, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). These challenges include high implementation costs, a shortage of skilled labor, and concerns over data security and privacy. To address these issues, the study recommends starting with pilot projects to mitigate risks, investing in continuous workforce training, enhancing data security measures, and leveraging government support and industry collaborations. By overcoming these challenges, Malaysia's food industry can effectively integrate these innovations, leading to more sustainable, efficient, and resilient supply chains. This research underscores the importance of strategic planning and continuous improvement in fully realizing the benefits of technological advancements, thereby positioning Malaysia’s food industry as a leader in sustainable practices within the global market.

Factors that Influence Customer Loyalty in Online Banking Among University Students

Nor Lela Ahmad — 2024-10-27

Banks confronted tough competition in acquiring and maintaining consumers with their e-banking platforms due to the rising rate of use of e-banking systems. Essentially, improving e-banking service quality is seen as the best strategic strategy for increasing client loyalty to the e-banking system. The purpose of this paper was to empirically investigate a comprehensive mechanism for enhancing customer loyalty toward e-banking platforms via e-banking service. Reliability, website design, privacy and security, and customer service and support were the dimensions used. The objectives of this research included exploring relationships between factors such as customer satisfaction regarding online banking, reliability of service, quality and performance, service privacy and security in transactions, website design and its use, and the service and assistance in the usage, and customer loyalty. The respondents were among part 2 to part 5 students from Human Resources Studies in a higher learning institution. The researcher distributed the questionnaire to the respondents through the online method using social media accounts like WhatsApp, Instagram, and Telegram. The findings of the research included that, value and relevance were insights strategies to develop loyalty among student users. This included development and promotions with products like educational loan assistance, scholarship tracking tools, budget budget-friendly debit cards with student-specific features. Rewards, points, and other incentives should be used to make sure that online banking is being used frequently. Plugging the site along with its social features through a community forum made sure the students provided peer-to-peer support in sharing financial tips and experiences.

Unveiling the Keys to Employee Loyalty: Exploring Factors Affecting Employee Retention

Wan Aliyah Wan Abd Aziz — 2024-10-27

The issue of employee retention is a crucial factor especially if a company wants to remain relevant in the market. The research analyzes how compensation and benefits, training and development, working environment, and reward and recognition impact the retention of employees. This study will employ a quantitative research design that will involve administering questionnaires to employees working in companies around Klang Valley conducted within the context of Malaysia. In this study, the concepts of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Alderfer’s ERG Theory will be used in a bid to determine factors affecting employee retention. The sampling technique to be used is non-probability. Therefore, convenience sampling will be used with a view of identifying participants with rich information on their experience and perceptions towards the objectives of the study on employee retention. The study seeks to establish how these independent variables impact employee retention to enhance understanding of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices. Reliability analysis, descriptive analysis, correlational analysis, and regression analysis will be employed as a measure of the strength and direction of these relationships. It will reveal the most critical antecedents to overall employee retention and provide actionable insights that organizations can implement to improve their practices. Therefore, while filling the gap in the literature and targeting the Malaysian industry, this study aims to enhance understanding of the factors influencing employee retention. Finally, its purpose is to help organizations design proper approaches to retain top talents in the company and make them dedicated to work.

Focus Group Interview: University-Industrial Collaboration

Norfadzilah Abdul Razak — 2024-10-27

Business innovations can introduce novel and imaginative concepts, particularly within digitalization. Innovations have the potential to stimulate the advancement of enterprises, fostering market expansion, enhancing competitiveness, and optimizing profitability. Nevertheless, the implementation of innovation may be achievable in collaboration. Collaborations and interactions between academia and industrial entities may yield improved outcomes. Nevertheless, the presence of obstacles between academia and industries could harm the long-term viability of commercial innovation. The concerns and challenges faced by local institutions and enterprises in Malaysia are examined within the framework of a case study. Data was obtained from a random sample of Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) across several industries. A focus group was conducted with 15 representatives from Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) companies and one moderator to lead the discussion. The findings from the focus group have been transcribed and analyzed based on their sharing. The rationale for focusing on CEOs was their role as critical decision-makers responsible for driving corporate innovations. The collection of perspectives from academia and industries was facilitated through face-to-face interviews. The study provided suggestions for potential avenues of future investigation.

Influence of Corporate Information Transparency on Foreign Institutional Investors' Shareholding Behavior: Evidence from Public Listed Companies in China

Yang Yaojing — 2024-10-27

In 2003, China implemented the Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (QFII) system, which has garnered considerable interest from international institutional investors in the mainland market. As global investors, QFIIs depend significantly on precise, thorough information to bolster their investing criteria. Consequently, the transparency of corporate information becomes a crucial factor for QFIIs. However, due to the relatively late development of the Chinese market, an imbalanced structure of listed companies and information asymmetry, the information disclosure of listed companies has been subject to certain degrees of distortion. Therefore, to better facilitate the development of China's securities market and to help QFIIs fully realize their advanced value investment strategies, this paper aims to study the impact of corporate information transparency on the stockholding behavior of foreign institutional investors. This paper begins by reviewing the literature on the factors influencing institutional investor holdings, corporate transparency, and the characteristics of foreign institutional investors' stockholding. It then defines the concepts of corporate information transparency and foreign institutional investors, analyzes the current state of information transparency in Chinese listed companies, and examines the development of the QFII system in China. The theoretical framework explores the mechanisms through which corporate information transparency influences the stockholding behavior of foreign institutional investors. In the empirical analysis, the paper plans to measure the information transparency of listed companies from three perspectives: earnings quality, information ratings by the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, and the number of analyst followings, to investigate how corporate information transparency influences QFII stockholding behavior.

Multivariate Regression Analysis of the Impact of Open Market Share Repurchase Activity on the Malaysian Market

Sohail Ahmed — 2024-10-27

This research thesis revolves around the need to understand the relationship between share repurchases and the share price behavior of companies listed on Bursa Malaysia on a more recent basis given the economic stability in Malaysia and throughout the world from 2017 to 2021. It started in the West and reached maturity in the 1980s in the United States, but it only began in Malaysia in the 1990s. The studies of share repurchase are still considered an infant in Malaysia as in other countries throughout the world, companies pursue share repurchases for several reasons mainly to signal undervaluation, reward shareholders, defend against the takeover, utilize financial resources efficiently, and many more motives that are interesting for researchers to look at. Unlike other studies that look at announcement dates, since an announcement does not mean the companies will implement the transactions, this research is important since it looks at and analyzes the actual effective repurchase day done by established firms which is are most crucial aspect in analyzing the consequences and the results are that it shows positive abnormal mean returns for most of the companies. Event study methodology was used since this is the best empirical research method and as empirical evidence to analyze abnormal returns from all the other studies. The days observed are 120 days before and after the announcement. Returns for the estimation window, event window (repurchase day), and post-event window were analyzed to see the effects of price movement on repurchase activities at Bursa Malaysia (BSKL).

The Impact of Restaurant’s Online Food Delivery (OFD) Service Quality on Customers’ Repurchase Intention: A Conceptual Framework

Noor Rita Mohamad Khan — 2024-10-27

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 had a profound impact on the food service industry, forcing many restaurants and eateries to pivot towards online food delivery (OFD) services to survive. This shift, driven by restrictions on dining-in, has persisted even as dine-in services resumed, positioning OFD as an integral part of restaurant operations. This paper explores the impact of service quality in OFD, proposing a conceptual framework that links service quality dimensions—such as delivery speed, order accuracy, customer service, and platform usability—to the customer’s repurchase intention of food from the restaurant via its OFD services. By addressing these dimensions, restaurants can enhance customer satisfaction, leading to improved financial outcomes. This study aims to provide actionable insights for restaurant operators and contribute to the existing literature on service quality within the OFD sector.

Understanding the Decision to Purchase Health Insurance Among Academicians

Afiza Azura Mohamad Arshad — 2024-10-27

This study investigates various factors influencing the decision of academicians in Malaysia to purchase health insurance. Health insurance is a policy that gives coverage for medical expenses and hospitalization. In Malaysia, health policy is commonly known as medical policy and the term medical card is broadly used to represent health policy and the benefits available under the policy. Through qualitative interviews with six faculty members, the research uncovers the complexities of the decision-making process. The findings reveal that personal experiences, cultural values, social influences, and financial considerations significantly shape these decisions. However, the study's small sample size and regional specificity limit the generalizability of the results. Future research should address these limitations by incorporating a larger and more diverse sample to enhance the external validity of the findings. Such an approach would provide a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing health insurance decisions and inform policy interventions aimed at improving healthcare accessibility and affordability.

Macroeconomic Forces Affecting Islamic Performance Indices

Zainora Ab Wahid — 2024-10-27

This study aims to investigate the macroeconomic factors that impact the performance of Malaysia's Islamic stock market. This study looks at six independent variables that affect the performance of the Islamic stock market in Malaysia: the world oil price, inflation rate, Islamic interbank rate, money supply (M2), industrial activity index, inflation rate, Islamic interbank rate, exchange rate, and world oil price. The Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM), Bursa Malaysia, Bank Negara Malaysia, and Eikon Thomson Reuters were among the secondary data sources used in this study's quantitative data gathering methodology. The research was carried out over four years (2019–2023) using monthly data. A theoretical model was created to investigate the suggested relationship after it was analyzed using the E-views software. The success of the Islamic stock market was found to be significantly correlated with the inflation rate, money supply, Islamic interbank rate, and exchange rate. These determinants are exerting a direct influence on the Islamic stock market in Malaysia, particularly in its macroeconomic aspects. The present study aims to enhance comprehension regarding the possible effects of different elements on how well the Islamic stock market performs. Different results could come from more research into the various elements affecting the Islamic stock market's performance.

Factors Influencing the Career Advancement of Malaysian Women Homepreneurs on the TikTok Platform

Nor Faradhila Md Nor — 2024-10-27

Entrepreneurship significantly contributes to economic growth, with recent studies highlighting the rise of female entrepreneurs who challenge traditional business roles by becoming "homepreneurs." The current research focuses on Malaysian women homepreneurs using TikTok, a platform that has transformed from entertainment to a vital business tool, facilitating unique career advancement opportunities. This study aims to explore the impact of digital marketing skills, product quality, customer engagement, and understanding of TikTok's algorithm on the career advancement of Malaysian women homepreneurs. In the quantitative study focusing on the career advancement of Malaysian women homepreneurs using TikTok, the methodology incorporated structured questionnaires to assess the relationships between key variables. The data was collected from 400 participants via Google Forms, leveraging a purposive sampling technique to ensure a representative sample of women homepreneurs active on TikTok. The statistical analysis revealed that while digital marketing skills and customer engagement did not significantly impact career advancement on TikTok, a thorough understanding of the platform's algorithm was strongly associated with career progression. Conversely, the results indicate that product quality was negatively significant in driving career advancement for Malaysian women homepreneurs on TikTok. This study highlights the need for targeted strategies focusing on product excellence and deep comprehension of platform algorithms to effectively leverage TikTok for career development.

Aligning Enterprise Risk Management into Risk Disclosure of the IPO Prospectus

Nura Lina binti Md Elias — 2024-10-27

This concept paper aims to review the potential of aligning Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) elements into risk disclosure of the IPO prospectus. This concept paper explores the potential for aligning ERM elements within the risk disclosure section of IPO prospectuses. The paper emphasizes the regulatory requirement of the risk disclosure in the prospectus. It highlights the importance of risk disclosure in investment decision-making. It contends the best practices of risk disclosure in the IPO prospectus for the benefit of investors and also reinforces the issuing company’s commitment to effective risk management and corporate governance. By incorporating ERM principles, the prospectus not only improves transparency but also strengthens the issuing company’s commitment to effective risk management and corporate governance. The key research objective is to evaluate the integration of ERM into IPO risk disclosures, with particular emphasis on regulatory compliance, investor decision-making, and the enhancement of corporate governance practices. This research endeavors to fill the gap in the literature by enhancing the ERM elements in the existing practices of IPO disclosure.

Exploring E-Customer Satisfaction Using e-SERVQUAL Among Online Shoppers

Mohammad Zaim Mohd Salleh — 2024-10-27

When interacting with a company's products and services, customer satisfaction is an overall feeling of contentment that a client is experiencing. Previous studies have shown an increase in revenue when a company prioritizes customer satisfaction with its products or services. Around 70 percent of Malaysians are dynamic online consumers, with most of them shopping via websites. e-SERVQUAL assesses the efficacy and efficiency of a website in facilitating shopping, purchase, and delivery processes. It encompasses the pre-purchase and post-purchase phases. The e-SERVQUAL dimensions (privacy, website design, responsiveness, reliability, usability, and information quality) are elements that impact e-customer satisfaction. A total of 100 respondents at Bandar Utama City Centre who shop online participated in the survey. According to the data, males outnumber females among the respondents. The survey comprised three sections: A, B, and C. Section A comprised the demographic information of the respondents, Section B concentrated on the e-SERVQUAL aspects, and Section C addressed e-customer satisfaction. The data was examined utilizing the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results indicated that the majority of respondents expressed satisfaction with the quality. However, website design improvements should be made to encourage more online shopping. The recommendation in this study is beneficial to online service providers and future studies on e-SERVQUAL should be extended to another dimension to explore more aspects of determining quality service in an online setting.

Foreign Workers and Remittance Outflow in Malaysia

Fauziana Bt Fauzi Mat Rawi — 2024-10-27

This conceptual paper reviews foreign workers and remittance outflows in Malaysia. Foreign workers in Malaysia, who remit a portion of their earnings back home, play a crucial role in the country's economic development. With approximately 1.5 million foreign workers engaged in various sectors such as manufacturing, plantation, construction, and agriculture, Malaysia relies heavily on foreign labor. Predominantly, these workers come from Indonesia, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Factors such as Malaysia's economic performance, government recruitment policies addressing labor shortages, and cultural and geographical proximity influence why these workers choose Malaysia. Despite concerns that foreign workers might negatively impact short-term labor market outcomes by taking jobs from locals and suppressing wages, the evidence suggests their presence does not significantly harm these outcomes. However, the growing number of foreign workers has led to a notable increase in remittance outflows. Remittance outflows represent a transfer of capital from host countries to the workers' countries of origin. Among the ASEAN-5 countries, Malaysia has recorded the highest remittance outflows, surpassing inflows. While research on remittance flows has expanded, the focus has traditionally been on inflows, with outflows receiving less attention due to their relatively small impact on the macroeconomic indicators of sending countries. Existing literature indicates that remittance outflows can influence the economic growth and inflation of sending countries, including Malaysia, despite varied findings.

Evaluating the Impact of AI Dependency on Cognitive Ability among Generation Z in Higher Educational Institutions: A Conceptual Framework

Suraya Ika Tamrin — 2024-10-27

This research aims to examine the factors of AI dependency (AID) and to investigate the relationship between AI dependency on cognitive ability (CA) among Generation Z (Gen Z) in higher educational institutions. The factors involved are academic self-efficacy (ASE), academic stress (AS), and performance expectation (PE). In this research, the proposed research design is a quantitative method. A self?administered questionnaire will be distributed to respondents, a group of students who were born between 1997 to 2012, and the AI user. The questionnaire will be utilizing the Google Form platform for easier data collection. A snowball sampling method will be applied. Then, the data collected will be analyzed through the partial least square (PLS-SEM) technique. The research findings are expected to highlight the significant emphasis on the contributing factors of AI dependency among Gen Z students. Then, the findings will also provide a model to understand better the impact of AI dependency on cognitive ability. Additionally, it is foreseen that the findings will help various parties, including the government, to create better models for helping Gen Z students apply AI in decent ways to help them increase their cognitive ability. It is also considered a long-term strategy to become a nation with numbers of high cognitive ability citizens. Further, a practical framework based on AI dependency on cognitive ability will be developed as a guideline to support the effort of the government or industry practitioners to increase awareness among Gen Z students on how crucial to possess high cognitive ability.

Customer Satisfaction Towards Food Delivery Services in Selangor

Ainol Fizy Ruslan — 2024-10-28

This study explores the key factors influencing customer satisfaction with food delivery services at UiTM Puncak Alam, Selangor. Despite the rising demand for food delivery services, issues surrounding the quality and accuracy of delivered food remain significant challenges. This study seeks to address these concerns by identifying and analyzing the determinants that shape customer satisfaction with food delivery services in Malaysia, specifically in Puncak Alam. We adopted a quantitative research approach to gain comprehensive insights into these issues. We collected data using judgment sampling, a non-probability sampling technique and used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze the responses through descriptive statistics and correlational analysis. The study involved a structured survey of 357 respondents, investigating the impact of three key variables—food quality, app ease of use, and food packaging—on customer satisfaction. The findings provide important implications for businesses and institutions looking to enhance the quality of food delivery services and elevate customer satisfaction levels. By identifying these critical factors, the research offers valuable insights that can help food service providers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders refine their strategies. These insights will not only improve the customer experience but also encourage broader adoption of food delivery services within the Malaysian population. Ultimately, the study’s conclusions hold significance for enhancing service quality and fostering customer loyalty in the increasingly competitive food delivery industry.

The Factors Affecting the Awareness of Young People on Sexual Transmitted Infections (STIS): Knowledge, Attitude and Environment

Natasha Dzulkarnine — 2024-10-28

The outbreak of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the nation is not something new; in fact, the issue has been around for many years and has been steadily becoming worse over that time. The problem becomes more crucial as each year; an increasing number of cases will be reported in Malaysia and throughout the world. In some cases, symptoms of STIs may not even be present. This can mean that a person might get infected by another person who might appear healthy without knowing they have already been infected with STIs; therefore, this article aims to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and environment as the factors that influence awareness of Sexual Transmitted Infections (STIS) among the 227 of youths. A survey was conducted, and the data was analyzed using regression analysis. The result revealed that knowledge, attitude, and environment had a significant influence on sexually transmitted infections. In addition, the environmental factor reported had the most significant influence. The finding implies that external roles, such as those of the government, schools, and universities, should be provided with more facilities and programs to sustain and improve awareness among the youth group. Furthermore, increasing youth awareness may change individual behavior and attitude toward a good, healthy lifestyle.

Mindful Transportation: A Conceptual Framework for Enhancing Accessibility for People with Disabilities in Malaysia

Joeaiza Juhari — 2024-10-28

This conceptual paper explores the integration of mindfulness principles into the development of transportation services for people with disabilities (PWDs) in Malaysia. Transportation plays a critical role in promoting inclusivity and enhancing the quality of life for PWDs, yet accessibility remains a significant challenge due to infrastructural barriers, lack of awareness, and limited empathy from service providers. Drawing on the concepts of mindfulness, which are rooted in awareness, empathy, and responsiveness, this paper proposes a framework that emphasizes inclusivity, respect, and collaboration among key stakeholders. The proposed framework emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that incorporates physical accessibility, staff training, and policy reforms. Inclusivity involves modifying infrastructure to meet universal design standards, while empathy requires transport providers to understand the unique challenges faced by PWDs and offer compassionate, tailored services. Responsiveness, a key element of mindfulness, calls for flexible and adaptive transport services that cater to the real-time needs of PWDs, ensuring that they can access public transportation with ease and dignity. By applying this mindful approach, the transportation system can become more accommodating and respectful toward PWDs, thereby reducing social exclusion and improving their mobility. This paper contributes to the growing body of literature on disability inclusion and provides actionable strategies for policymakers, transport providers, and disability organizations to work together in creating a more accessible public transportation system. Future research should investigate the practical application of this framework and its potential to drive policy changes that benefit PWDs across Malaysia.

An Exploratory Study on the Effect of Macroeconomic Indicators on the Stock Market Performance among 6-ASEAN Countries

Zahirah Hamid Ghul — 2024-10-28

The stock market's performance has been impacted by the global economy's recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates the impact of various factors on stock market performance, with a focus on the global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. The stock market has experienced positive growth, driven by low interest rates, ample liquidity, and sustained investor optimism, despite concerns over rising inflation and interest rates. This research aims to analyze stock market performance across six ASEAN countries, using a range of data sources, including historical stock prices, financial reports, and macroeconomic indicators. The findings reveal that the real exchange rate exerts the most significant influence on stock market performance. The insights from this study provide valuable information for investors, policymakers, and government bodies, aiding in strategic decision-making and investment planning in these markets.

Adoption of Cashless Payment Among Undergraduate Students: A Case Study

Mohd Fikri Ishak — 2024-10-28

The increasing acceptance of cashless payment systems has led to a significant transformation in the global financial transaction landscape in recent years. As technology evolves and consumer preferences shift, digital payment methods are gradually taking the place of traditional cash transactions. This change not only facilitates financial transactions for individuals and businesses but also has significant implications for convenience, security, and financial inclusion. This paper investigates the key factors driving the transition to cashless transactions during this period, along with the benefits and drawbacks associated with society's growing embrace of this innovative approach to managing finances. The primary focus of research in this area revolves around the adoption and use of digital or cashless payment methods. A quantitative methodology was employed, and a questionnaire was administered to 113 participants. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 27. The findings indicated that Performance Expectancy (PE) and Perceived Technology Security (PT) played significant roles in the adoption of cashless payments among undergraduate students while Facilitating Condition (FC) and Social Influence (SI) did not significantly affect their adoption of such payment methods. This study provides valuable insights into assessing individuals' willingness, intentions, or actual behaviors regarding various electronic transaction forms, including mobile wallets, credit/debit cards, online payments, and contactless methods. Additionally, researchers can utilize these variables to explore the factors that influence users' acceptance or rejection of cashless payment systems.

The Service Experience Equity on Repatronage Intention within Public Transportation Services

Norhusniyati Husin — 2024-10-28

In a highly competitive market, service providers are often expected to enhance their profitability by delivering superior service quality. This principle is evident among many public transportation providers in Malaysia, who strive to elevate the passenger experience through refined service offerings. The objective of this study is to examine the factors influencing repatronage intentions among public transportation users in Malacca, Malaysia, using the Service Experience Equity (SEE) framework. To demonstrate the causal connections between the variables, a regression analysis has been employed. The findings reveal that service atmosphere and personnel interactions significantly impact users' willingness to continue using these services. The study emphasizes the importance for management to prioritize customer experience by investing in service environment strategies that foster user engagement and discourage customer churn. It further underscores that both the overall service experience and the quality of employee-customer interactions are critical determinants of future patronage. Consequently, it is recommended that transportation service providers leverage these elements to create a competitive edge, thereby encouraging repeat usage and building long-term customer loyalty.

The Effect of Innovation and Renewable Energy on CO2 Emissions For Emerging Asian Countries

Chuah Soo Cheng — 2024-10-28

This study investigates the impact of innovation and renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions in seven emerging Asian countries using static panel data methods. The analysis employs Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Fixed Effect (FE), and Random Effect (RE) models to estimate the relationships, with the most appropriate model selected based on the Breusch-Pagan LM test and the Hausman test. Our findings reveal that both GDP and urbanization significantly increase CO2 emissions, while GDP squared and renewable energy consumption significantly decrease emissions, supporting the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Diagnostic tests indicate the presence of heteroskedasticity and first-order autocorrelation, addressed using robust standard errors. The results underscore the dual role of economic growth and technological advancement in shaping environmental outcomes, highlighting the critical importance of sustainable development policies in emerging economies.

Boardroom Diversity and Whistleblowing Disclosure: Empirical Evidence from Malaysia’s Top 100 Publicly Listed Companies

Noraisah Sungip — 2024-10-28

The disclosure of whistleblowing policies is a critical component of effective corporate governance. High standards of whistleblowing policy disclosure signal a company’s commitment to safeguarding stakeholder interests. This research aims to analyze the relationship between board composition and whistleblowing policy disclosure in the top 100 Malaysian publicly listed companies. Specifically, the study investigates whether board independence, board size, the frequency of board meetings, and board gender diversity affect the level of whistleblowing policy disclosure. The relationships between these board characteristics and whistleblowing policy disclosure are analyzed using an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model. The findings reveal that board independence and gender diversity are significantly and positively associated with whistleblowing policy disclosure. However, board size and frequency of the board meetings do not exhibit significant relationships with whistleblowing policy disclosure. This study has contributed to the existing literature by extending the principal-principal conflict theory to the context of whistleblowing policy disclosure, offering new insights into the governance mechanisms that drive transparency in corporate reporting.

Flavors of Sarawak: Exploring Authentic Home-Cooked Recipes Through A Mobile Application

Nurazian Mior Dahalan — 2024-10-28

This project delves into the exploration of authentic home-cooked recipes from Sarawak, presented through a mobile application with augmented reality features. The motivation is to showcase the rich and diverse Flavours of Sarawak's culinary traditions, with a primary focus on ensuring a user-friendly and engaging experience for the audience. Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology was utilized, which consists of four (4) main phases: Requirements Planning, User Design, Construction, and Cutover. The outcome of the study: it was found that the Flavours of Sarawak mobile application received a commendable average SUS score of 80.4, indicating a strong level of usability and user satisfaction. This score surpasses the threshold for an above-average user experience, reinforcing the application’s success in effectively promoting awareness of Sarawak's diverse flavors. The high SUS score also suggests the application’s potential to engage users and convey essential information about Sarawak's culinary heritage in an accessible manner. In terms of future work(s), the inclusion of more food models, particularly those showcasing iconic Sarawak dishes like "Kek Lapis Sarawak," aims to attract more users and foster an increased interest in exploring various facets of Sarawak's culinary traditions.

The Influence of Emotional Instability on Weight Fluctuations

Wan Shafizah Hussain — 2024-10-28

This study examines the relationships between psychological factors, specifically mood fluctuations, short temper, and feelings of negativity, and their impact on weight gain or loss among individuals. The objective is to determine how these emotional states individually and collectively influence weight changes, focusing on understanding their predictive power. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was employed. The analysis involved correlation and multiple regression techniques to explore the relationships between the variables. Results revealed that moodiness has the strongest positive correlation with weight changes and is the most significant predictor, explaining a substantial portion of the variance. Short temper and feelings of negativity also contributed to body weight variations, though to a lesser extent. The model explained the variance in weight outcomes, highlighting the meaningful role of psychological factors in weight management. This study contributes to the growing body of research emphasizing the need to integrate mental health support in weight management programs and policy interventions, recognizing the critical role of mental well-being in influencing physical outcomes such as weight fluctuations. The findings have important implications for healthcare providers, policymakers, and wellness programs aiming to address health's psychological and physical aspects.

Innovating Community Engagement: The Role of Micro-Influencers in Promoting Sustainable Behaviors among Malaysian Millennials

Latisha Asmaak Shafie — 2024-10-28

Social Influencers as environmental leaders utilize social media platforms to enhance community engagement in advocating sustainability. This study explores the underexplored role of micro-influencers in fostering pro-environmental behaviors among Malaysian youths and innovating community engagement by employing a qualitative approach in conducting semi-structured interviews with five micro-influencers. Our findings indicate the critical role of micro-influencers in raising awareness and actively engaging communities in adopting sustainable practices. The findings reveal three key themes: leadership qualities, pro-environmental behaviors, and persuasive narrative strategies. Through the innovative use of social media, these influencers overcome linguistic and geographical barriers, fostering enhanced community engagement in the pursuit of environmental stewardship. However, the sample size of five micro-influencers may limit the generalizability of the findings, as it may only partially represent the diverse range of micro-influencers. The result of this research can be used as recommendations for organizations, non-governmental organizations and governmental bodies that can leverage the insights from this study to strategically engage micro-influencers in environmental campaigns, recognizing their unique ability to reach and resonate with specific communities, particularly Malaysian youths. This study offers a novel perspective on digital environmental leadership by uncovering the unique role of micro-influencers in fostering community engagement and cultivating a culture of sustainability. It provides original insights into how these emerging leaders not only inspire but also empower communities to take meaningful action toward environmental preservation. The study highlights the underexamined potential of micro-influencers in exceeding traditional barriers to community engagement, offering valuable implications for future strategies in environmental advocacy.

Factors Influencing Data Partiality in Artificial Intelligence

FATEN ELINA KAMARUDDIN — 2024-11-05

This study proposes a conceptual framework to investigate factors influencing the data partiality in Artificial Intelligence (AI). However, the academic research on data partiality focusing on AI is limited across the bibliographic database sources. This study aims to address the gaps by proposing a developed framework that integrates three factors: the AI algorithm, black data, and user revise terminology highlighted in the past literature. The AI algorithm refers to the issues on the training data as a dataset used in the tools, which stimulates the data partiality as the outcome retrieved by the user. The black data is influencing data partiality on the existence of unknown data. The user revise terminology represented on the keywords used by the user to search for information, which incorrect keywords with not specify will lead to the AI to give all related information as an output without filter. The framework asserts that these three elements directly affect the partiality of data in AI. A quantitative methodology will be used in this study to cover the collection of survey data from the community under the MDEC program called Global Online Workforce (GLOW). The framework contributes a theoretical understanding of AI algorithms, black data, and user-revised terminology that influence data partiality in AI. In future research, the framework can be extended to test the data partiality in AI tools used in information agencies, as these bodies govern the safeguards of the accuracy of the information.

The Effect of Price Transparency on Young Travellers’ Choices: An Experimental Study of Resort Packages

Nadia Hanin Nazlan — 2024-11-07

Product bundling has gained significant traction in the hospitality industry, with an increasing number of businesses offering all-inclusive resort packages to attract consumers. With the increase in online travel purchases, both academics and industry professionals are increasingly interested in understanding the factors influencing consumer travel package choices. This study employs a 2 x 5 mixed-design experiment where participants evaluated both an all-inclusive and a non-inclusive resort, with variations in price presentation. Pricing was presented either transparently or non-transparently, and package savings were displayed in multiple formats. The results reveal a strong consumer preference for all-inclusive resort packages, regardless of the perceived value. Moreover, how pricing information is presented plays a crucial role in shaping consumer purchase decisions. These findings highlight the importance of price presentation strategies in the marketing of travel packages and offer valuable insights for both marketers and practitioners in the hospitality sector.