Balancing Demands and Resources: Exploring the Impact of Workload, Work-Life Balance and Technological Adaptation on Job Satisfaction Among Malaysian Academics
Keywords:
Workload, Work-life Balance, Technological Adaptation, Job Satisfaction, Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) model
Abstract
Based on the Job Demands--Resources (JD-R) model, this study examines the inter-relationships of workload, work-life balance, technological adaptation, and job satisfaction among academic staff members in Malaysian universities. Within this context, workload is considered a job demand that may impose pressure on individual well-being and reduce satisfaction, whereas work-life balance is regarded as a useful job resource and mediating variable, allowing individuals to balance conflicting work and non-work demands. Technological adaptation, as the ability and willingness of academic staff to work with digital tools, is conceptualized as a personal resource and a moderator that can strengthen the relationship between work-life balance and job satisfaction. The research design is a quantitative one, where a self-completion online questionnaire would be sent via stratified random sampling to achieve a wide representation in terms of the type of universities and field of study. Regression and moderated mediation will be applied to analyze data. This research helps to advance the theoretical understanding of the JD-R model by investigating the negative influence of high workload on job satisfaction, the mediating role of work-life balance, and the enhancing effects of technological adaptation on the relationship between work-life balance and job satisfaction. It is also an invaluable resource to institutions of higher learning interested in how they can manage academic workload, enhance digital competency, and streamline staff well-being in institutions that are increasingly becoming technology-oriented.
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References
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Bulger, C. (2024). Work-life balance. In Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research (pp. 7834-7836). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Bala, H., & Venkatesh, V. (2016). Adaptation to information technology: A holistic nomological network from implementation to job outcomes. Management Science, 62(1), 156-179.
Bakker, A. B., & De Vries, J. D. (2021). Job Demands–Resources theory and self-regulation: New explanations and remedies for job burnout. Anxiety, stress, & coping, 34(1), 1-21.
Çelik, T. Z., & Köse, G. (2022). Effective Strategies for Managing Workload and Stress. In Handbook of Research on the Complexities and Strategies of Occupational Stress (pp. 223-243). IGI Global.
Diego-Medrano, E., & Ramos Salazar, L. (2021). Examining Work-Life Balance of Faculty in Higher Education Examining Work-Life Balance of Faculty in Higher Education. In International Journal of Social Policy and Education (Vol. 3, Issue 3). www.icpknet.org
Duan, S. X., Deng, H., & Wibowo, S. (2023). Exploring the impact of digital work on work–life balance and job performance: a technology affordance perspective. Information Technology & People, 36(5), 2009-2029.
Demerouti, E., & Bakker, A. B. (2023). Job demands-resources theory in times of crises: New propositions. Organizational Psychology Review, 13(3), 209-236.
Ekowati, V. M., Supriyanto, A. S., Fatmawati, Y. D., Mukaffi, Z., & Setiani, S. (2021). An empirical effect of workloads on employee satisfaction: mediating by work environment. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 56(1), 154-163.
Fayyazi, M., & Aslani, F. (2015). The impact of work-life balance on employees’ job satisfaction and turnover intention; the moderating role of continuance commitment. International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 51, 33-41.
Fuadiputra, I. R., & Novianti, K. R. (2020). The effect of work autonomy and workload on job satisfaction of female workers in the banking sector: mediating the role of work-life balance. Journal The Winners, 21(2), 85-91.
Guo, Y., & Ayoun, B. (2024). Can Informal Communication and Sense of Belonging Motivate and Retain Hospitality Employees? Informal Groups’ Role. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 1-30.
Hajar Halili, S. (2019). Technological Advancement in Education 4.0. The Online Journal of Distance Education and E-Learning, 7(1). www.tojdel.net
Hassan, R. A., Saripan, H., Putera, N. S. F. M. S., Abdullah, S. M., & Mohamad, A. M. (2023). Amendments to the Employment Act 1955: An Analysis of the key changes with reference to International Labour Standards–A positive improvement for Malaysia’s Employment Regime. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(1), 154-166.
Irfan, M., Khalid, R. A., Kaka Khel, S. S. U. H., Maqsoom, A., & Sherani, I. K. (2023). Impact of work–life balance with the role of organizational support and job burnout on project performance. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(1), 154-171.
Inegbedion, H., Inegbedion, E., Peter, A., & Harry, L. (2020). Perception of workload balance and employee job satisfaction in work organisations. Heliyon, 6(1).
Jermsittiparsert, K., Petchchedchoo, P., Kumsuprom, S., & Panmanee, P. (2021). The impact of the workload on the job satisfaction: Does the job stress matter?. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20, 1-13.
Jalal, R. N. U. D., & Zaheer, M. A. (2017). Does job satisfaction mediate the relationship between workload, remuneration, and psychological reward with job performance? International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(9), 64-79.
Khamis, H., Khairudin, Moh. K., Jantan, A. H., Roslan, N. A., & Abdullah, L. N. (2024). Systematic Review of Adapting Immersive Technology in Enhancing Teaching and Learning for Students in Higher Education. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 130–145. https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.63.1.130145
Kundu, S. C., Tuteja, P., & Chahar, P. (2022). COVID-19 challenges and employees' stress: mediating role of family-life disturbance and work-life imbalance. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 44(6), 1318-1337.
Kubicek, B., Uhlig, L., Hülsheger, U. R., Korunka, C., & Prem, R. (2023). Are all challenge stressors beneficial for learning? A meta-analytical assessment of differential effects of workload and cognitive demands. Work & Stress, 37(3), 269-298.
Kumi, E., Osei, H. V., Asumah, S., & Yeboah, A. (2024). The impact of technology readiness and adapting behaviours in the workplace: a mediating effect of career adaptability. Future Business Journal, 10(1), 63.
Koroglu, ?., & Ozmen, O. (2022). The mediating effect of work engagement on innovative work behavior and the role of psychological well-being in the job demands–resources (JD-R) model. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 14(1), 124-144.
Kartika, P. D., & Riana, I. G. (2024). Peran Work-Life Balance dalam Memediasi Pengaruh Beban Kerja terhadap Stres Kerja Karyawan:(Studi pada Perusahaan Umum Daerah Air Minum Tirta Sewakadarma Denpasar). Journal of Business, Finance, and Economics (JBFE), 5(1), 131-142.
Lee, D.-J., Yu, Grace. B., Sirgy, M. J., Singhapakdi, A., & Lucianetti, L. (2018). The Effects of Explicit and Implicit Ethics Institutionalization on Employee Life Satisfaction and Happiness_ The Mediating Effects of Employee Experiences in Work Life and Moderating Effects of Work-Family Conflict. Journal of Business Ethics, 147(4).
Lwin M. Aye, jeremy Ern Hwei Tan, & Shamala Ramasamy. (2024). Work-life balance mediating stress and quality of life in academics during COVID-19 in Malaysia. Journal of Public Health in Africa, 15(1).
Lupu, I., & Liu, S. (2025). The entrainment cycle: Understanding professionals’ compliance with extreme work hours in professional service firms. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 114, 101597.
Ministry of Education Malaysia. (2015). Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015-2025. www.moe.gov.my
Mohamad, S., Azmee, D. S. S., Megat Shafferi, S. Z., Nik Zainal Alam, N. S., & Fauzi, N. H. A. (2024). The Influence of Work-Life Balance on Employee Performance Among Financial Institution Staff in Klang Valley, Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Technology Management. https://doi.org/10.55057/ijbtm.2024.6.3.39
Msuya, M. S., & Kumar, A. B. (2022). The role of supervisor work-life support on the correlation between work autonomy, workload, and performance: perspective from Tanzania banking employees. Future Business Journal, 8(1), 26.
Marsh, E., Vallejos, E. P., & Spence, A. (2022). The digital workplace and its dark side: An integrative review. Computers in Human Behavior, 128, 107118.
Marques, V. C., & Berry, G. R. (2021). Enhancing work?life balance using a resilience framework. Business and Society Review, 126(3), 263-281.
McAllister, K. E., Yoshimizu, A., & Ahadi, D. (Eds.). (2025). Migration and the Politics of Methodology: Doing Fieldwork, Decentring Power, and Foregrounding Migrants’ Perspectives. Taylor & Francis.
Nam, T. (2014). Technology use and work-life balance. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 9, 1017-1040.
Noor, K. M. (2011). Work-Life Balance and Intention to Leave among Academics in Malaysian Public Higher Education Institutions. In International Journal of Business and Social Science (Vol. 2, Issue 11). www.ijbssnet.com
Norazlinda, M. (2024). Tangani masalah tekanan kerja dalam kalangan pendidik di universiti | DagangNews - Berita Bisnes Anda. Dagang News. https://www.dagangnews.com/article/tangani-masalah-tekanan-kerja-dalam-kalangan-pendidik-di-universiti-36294
Nogoy Jr., E. S. (2020, April 14). A research on work-life balance (WLB) initiatives and workload impact on finance professionals in Makati City, Philippines. International Journal of Advanced Research. https://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/10756
Razalli, A. R., Kamaruddin, K., Tek, O. E., Teck, W. K., & Daud, N. A. (2021). Evaluating the teaching workload of academic staff for the optimum and effective use of expertise resources. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(6), 13-26.
Pratama, V. H. M., & Srimulyani, V. A. (2022). Quality of Work Life as a Mediator on the Impact of Work-Life Balance on Job Satisfaction. Jkbm (Jurnal Konsep Bisnis Dan Manajemen), 9(1), 14-27.
Pensar, H., & Rousi, R. (2023). The resources to balance–Exploring remote employees’ work-life balance through the lens of conservation of resources. Cogent business & management, 10(2), 2232592.
Permadi, I. K. O., Diputra, I. K. S., & Sanjiwani, P. A. P. (2023). The effect of work-life balance and workload on job satisfaction affects nurse performance. Ekonomis: Journal of Economics and Business, 7(2), 884-891.
Reid Erin, & Ramarajan Laksmi. (2016). Managing the High-Intensity Workplace. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2016/06/managing-the-high-intensity-workplace
Reymert, I., & Thune, T. (2023). Task complementarity in academic work: a study of the relationship between research, education, and third mission tasks among university professors. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 48(1), 331-360.
Ruby, B. C., Coker, R. H., Sol, J., Quindry, J., & Montain, S. J. (2023). Physiology of the wildland firefighter: managing extreme energy demands in hostile, smoky, mountainous environments. Compr Physiol, 13(2), 4587-4615.
Rajan, D. (2021). Awareness About Impacts of Heavy Workload on Health: An Empirical Study Among Sanitary Workers. Eurasian Journal of Higher Education, (5), 24-53.
Sakarji, S. R., Abdullah Thani, A. K., Nik Min, N. M. F., & Ishak, M. A. H. (2022). Job Satisfaction and Individual Happiness among Employees: An Empirical Evidence at Public Higher Education Institutions. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(6). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v12-i6/12877
Sinniah, S., Al Mamun, A., Md Salleh, M. F., Makhbul, Z. K. M., & Hayat, N. (2022). Modeling the Significance of Motivation on Job Satisfaction and Performance Among the Academicians: The Use of Hybrid Structural Equation Modeling-Artificial Neural Network Analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.935822
Smetanová, E. (2024). Key Determinants of Job Satisfaction in Higher Education. Sociálno-Ekonomická Revue, 22(1), 22–32. https://doi.org/10.52665/ser20240103
Swedana, I. N. (2023). The role of workload and work motivation in influencing performance through job satisfaction. Jurnal Manajemen, 27(2), 401-427.
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Published
2025-09-19
How to Cite
Adha Hafit, N. I., Zaghlol, A. K., Mingdi, J., Omar, F., & Nisak Ahmad, N. (2025). Balancing Demands and Resources: Exploring the Impact of Workload, Work-Life Balance and Technological Adaptation on Job Satisfaction Among Malaysian Academics. Information Management and Business Review, 17(3(I), 628-641. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v17i3(I).4597
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Research Paper
Copyright (c) 2025 Nor Intan Adha Hafit, Azlul Kalilah Zaghlol, Jiang Mingdi, Faiza Omar, Nursaadatun Nisak Ahmad
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