The Role of Motivation, Commitment and Awareness in Zakat Payment Intention: Evidence From Employees of Private Higher Learning Institutions in Northern Malaysia
Keywords:
Motivation, commitment, awareness, intention to pay zakat
Abstract
This study examines the gap between awareness and actual zakat payment among Muslim employees in private universities and colleges in Kedah, Malaysia. Despite recognizing zakat as a religious obligation, many do not fulfil it due to misunderstandings about calculation methods, misconceptions regarding its benefits, and practical challenges in the payment process. The study aims to assess the influence of motivation, commitment, and awareness on zakat payment intention. Data were collected through a snowball sampling technique, yielding 147 valid responses from academic and administrative staff in private higher education institutions. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Motivation significantly influences both awareness and intention to pay zakat, while commitment affects only awareness. Awareness fully mediates the relationship between commitment and intention and partially mediates the relationship between motivation and intention. This study highlights the critical role of awareness in translating knowledge into zakat-paying behavior. It also underscores that while motivation is essential for fostering intention, commitment alone is insufficient without adequate awareness. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and institutional leaders to design targeted strategies that enhance zakat compliance among employees in the higher education sector.
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References
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Ahmed, Y. B. (2015). Determinant factors of awareness on Islamic financial planning among students [Research Paper]. Universiti Utara Malaysia.
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Chowdhury, M. S. (2007). Enhancing motivation and work performance of the salespeople: The impact of supervisors’ behavior. The International Journal of Applied Management and Technology, 6(1), 166–181.
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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The General Causality Orientation Scales: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19, 109–134.
Engku Ali, E. M. T., Syed Ab Rahman, S. M. A., Baba, Z. S., & Muda, H. (2018). The employees’ awareness of the monthly zakat deduction scheme in Terengganu. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(7), 999–1010. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i7/4526
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Fauzi, M. A., Tan, C. N.-L., & Ramayah, T. (2018). Knowledge sharing intention at Malaysian higher learning institutions: The academics’ viewpoint. Knowledge Management & E-Learning, 10(2), 163–176.
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Addison-Wesley.
Goh, S. K., & Sandhu, M. S. (2013). Knowledge sharing among Malaysian academics: Influence of affective commitment and trust. The Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management, 11(1), 38–48.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (Seventh). Pearson Prentice Hall.
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Hasan, A., Abduh, M., Hassan, R., Engku Ali, E. R. A., Engku Ali, E. M. T., & Noordin, N. H. (2021). Factors Affecting the performance of zakat administration in Malaysia: An AHP approach. Global Review of Islamic Economics and Business, 9(2), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.14421/grieb.2021.092-03
Henseler, J., Hubona, G., & Ray, P. A. (2016). Using PLS path modeling in new technology research: Updated guidelines. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(1), 2–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570710734262
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Hulland, J., Ryan, M. J., & Rayner, R. K. (2010). Modeling customer satisfaction: A comparative performance evaluation of covariance structure analysis versus partial least squares. In Handbook of Partial Least Squares: Concepts, Methods and Applications (p. 61). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Indrawati, & Putri, D. A. (2018). Analyzing factors influencing continuance intention of E-payment adoption using modified UTAUT 2 Model: A case study of Go-Pay from Indonesia. 2018 6th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology, ICoICT 2018, 167–173. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICoICT.2018.8528748
Kasri, R. A., & Sosianti, M. W. (2023). Determinants of the intention to pay zakat online: The case of Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 9(2), 275–294. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v9i2.1664
Khalil, N. M., Amin, H., & Azman, N. S. (2020). Compliance intention to pay zakat on salary: A case from East Malaysia. International Journal of Zakat, 5(2), 37–50.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (Third). The Guilford Press. https://doi.org/10.1038/156278a0
Kumar, M., Salim, A. T., & Ramayah, T. (2013). Business Research Methods. Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd.
McAuley, E. D., Duncan, T., & Tammen, V. V. (1989). Psychometric properties of the intrinsic motivation inventory in a competitive sport setting: A confirmatory factor analysis. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 60(1), 48–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1989.10607413
Mohamad, N., Ruslan, P. W. A. R., & Shaipudeain, N. N. (2022). Motivation and behavioural intention towards urban recreational parks: A case of Putrajaya. International Journal of Leisure and Tourism Marketing, 7(4), 1. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijltm.2022.10045854
Mohamed, J. S. F., Haji-Othman, Y., & Omar, M. M. (2017). The influence of attitude, religiosity, and perception towards law enforcement on intention towards compliance behaviour of income zakat among KUIN staff in Kedah, Malaysia. International Journal of Muamalat, 1(1), 9–31.
Naiemah, S. U., Beng, T. L., Md Isa, E. V., & Muhamad Radzi, W. N. W. (2021). The impacts of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job stress on turnover intention: A case in the Malaysian manufacturing. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2339, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0050072
Noor, A., Zainuddin, Y., Panigrahi, S. K., & Rahim, F. T. (2020). Investigating the relationship among fit organization, organizational commitment and employees’ intention to stay: Malaysian context. Global Business Review, 21(1), 68–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150918755896
Noor Azman, F. M., Safiee, R. A., & Abdul Rahim, R. T. (2022). Perspective of Covid-19: The determinants of zakat compliance behaviour. Al-Qanatir: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 28(2), 152–160. http://al-qanatir.com
PPZ. (2023). Laporan Tahunan 2023.
Raman, A., Thannimalai, R., Rathakrishnan, M., & Ismail, S. N. (2022). Investigating the influence of intrinsic motivation on behavioral intention and actual use of technology in Moodle platforms. International Journal of Instruction, 15(1), 1003–1024. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2022.15157a
Ramayah, T., Cheah, J., Chuah, F., Ting, H., & Memon, M. A. (2016). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 3.0: An Updated and Practical Guide to Statistical Analysis (First Edition). Pearson Malaysia Sdn Bhd.
Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). Gain more insight from your PLS-SEM results: The importance-performance map analysis. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 116(9), 1865–1886. Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-10-2015-0449
Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Mitchell, R., & Gudergan, S. P. (2018). Partial least squares structural equation modeling in HRM research. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, January, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1416655
Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Becker, J.-M. (2022). SmartPLS 4. Oststeinbek: SmartPLS GmbH. https://www.smartpls.com/
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Published
2025-10-14
How to Cite
Hisham, R. R. I. R., Ismail, S. A., Yusuff, N., & Mohd Nowalid, W. A. W. (2025). The Role of Motivation, Commitment and Awareness in Zakat Payment Intention: Evidence From Employees of Private Higher Learning Institutions in Northern Malaysia. Information Management and Business Review, 17(3(I)S), 150-162. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v17i3(I)S.4679
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Research Paper
Copyright (c) 2025 Raja Rizal Iskandar Raja Hisham, Saiful Azizi Ismail, Noraini Yusuff, Wan Aishah Wan Mohd Nowalid
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