Behavioral and Psychological Factors Influencing Retirement Decisions Among Young Workers in Rural and Urban Sabah, Malaysia
Keywords:
Retirement planning, human behavior, psychological aspects, rural and urban differences, theory of planned behavior
Abstract
This study examines how young workers in rural and urban Sabah, Malaysia, base their retirement choices on psychological and behavioral aspects. Numerous factors, including individual beliefs, societal conditions, and environmental settings, influence retirement, a significant life transition. While everyone should make retirement plans, workers in rural and urban areas differ from one another. Rural workers typically have lower financial literacy and less access to financial services, whereas urban workers usually enjoy greater financial education and services. To better understand the variables and challenges influencing retirement behavior in these diverse settings, this research will examine theories of aging, such as the theory of planned behavior (TPB), continuity theory, and disengagement theory. This study evaluates how current policies affect young workers' retirement planning and identifies the main factors influencing retirement savings behavior. The research will take a quantitative approach, analyze the data using the PLS-SEM model, and test validity and reliability against common method bias in two steps. The results emphasize the necessity of specialized policy interventions to guarantee the well-being and financial stability of young workers in Sabah's rural and urban settings about the need for focused financial literacy programs and retirement planning initiatives catered to Sabah, Malaysia's rural and urban areas, by offering insightful information about the behavioral and psychological factors influencing young workers' retirement decisions.
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References
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Benz, M., & Frey, B. S. (2004). Being independent is a great thing: Subjective evaluations of self-employment and hierarchy. Economica, 71(281), 175–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-0427.2004.00364.x
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Cady, S. H. & Wheeler, J.V. (2019). A Proposed Theory Life Cycle Model: Standing on Shoulders of Giants, The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 55(4), 428-452. doi:10.1177/0021886319873050
Chong, L. L., & Ch’ng, S. Y. (2019). Retirement planning behavior of Malaysians: The influence of financial knowledge, attitude and perceived behavioral control. Journal of International Business and Management, 2(2), 19-28. Retrieved from Journal of International Business and Management.
Cumming, E., & Henry, W.E. (1961). Growing Old: The Process of Disengagement. New York: Basic Books.
Fossey, E., Harvey, C., McDermott, F. & Davidson, L. (2002). Understanding and evaluating qualitative research. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 36, 717-732. (https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.01100.x)
Gutierrez, H. C., & Hershey, D. A. (2016). Age differences in expected satisfaction with life in retirement. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 78(2), 93-114. https://doi.org/10.2190/AG.78.2.a
Hair, Jr. J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M., Sarstedt, M., & Danks, N.P. (2021). Soumya Ray Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) Using RA Workbook,
Hmieleski, K. M., & Corbett, A. C. (2008). The contrasting interaction effects of improvisational behavior with entrepreneurial self-efficacy on new venture performance and entrepreneur work satisfaction. Journal of Business Venturing, 23(4), 482–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2007.04.002
Jantan, M. S. (2019). Retirement insecurity: The changing setting for retirement planning [Preprint]. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication
Jingjing, Q. U. (2021). Job satisfaction, expected retirement financial insufficiency, and the expected retirement age of the entrepreneurs: an attraction-selection-attrition theory perspective. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 14(6), 1143-1167. (doi:10.1108/jeee-06-2021-0219)
Kaur, B. & Hassan, Z. (2018). Impact of Age, Gender, Income, Education and Financial Literacy Towards Retirement Planning Among Generation ‘Y’ in Malaysia, International Journal of Education, Learning and Training, 3(1), 31-53. (doi:10.24924/ijelt/2018.11/v3.iss1/30.53)
Khorasanee, M. Z. (1996). Annuity choice for pension (Actuarial Research Paper No. 90). Faculty of Actuarial Science & Insurance, City University London, https://digitalcommons.enl.edu/joap/133
Kim, J. & Chatterjee, S. (2013). Childhood financial socialization and young adults' financial management. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 24(1), 61–79. Source - https://www.afcpe.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/v24_1_61-79.pdf
Kimiyaghalam, F., Mansori, S., Safari, M. & Yap, S. (2017). Parents’ Influence on Retirement Planning in Malaysia, Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 43(3), pp. 315-325. (doi:10.1111/fcsr.12203)
Klapper, L., Lusardi, A., & Panos, G. A. (2013). Financial literacy and its consequences: Evidence from Russia during the financial crisis. Journal of Banking & Finance, 37(10), 3904-3923. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.07.014)
Kristjanpoller, W. & Olson, J., (2014). The Effect of Financial Knowledge and Demographic Variables on Passive and Active Investment in Chile's Pension Plan, Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 14 1-22. (doi:10.1017/s1474747214000213)
Lahey, K.E., Michelson, C.N., & Bajtelsmit, V. (2008). Retirement Plans for College Faculty at Public Institutions, downloaded from Research Gate on 9 February 2021. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228549875_
Lee, A., Xu, Y., & Hyde, K.F. (2016). Financial Literacy and the Limits of Financial Decision-Making, Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 18(2), 137-151.
Lim, C.S., Sia, B.K. & Gan,0 G.J. (2011). The Analysis of Psychological Factors Affecting Savers in Malaysia, Middle Eastern Finance and Economics, 12, 77-85. Source - http://eprints.utar.edu.my/id/eprint/884
Lim, L. (2017). Gender differences in retirement savings. Journal of Financial Planning, 30(7), 28-34. (doi:10.1111/jonm.12586) Local Government Act 1976.
Loibl, C., Kraybill, D. S., & DeMay, S. W. (2011). Accounting For The Role Of Habit In Regular Saving, Journal of Economic Psychology, 32(4), 581–592. (doi:10.1016/j.joep.2011.04.004)
Lian, Tai, T., & Sapuan, N. M. (2018). Retirement planning in Malaysia: Issues and challenges to achieve a sustainable lifestyle. Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, 8, 1222-1229. https://doi.org/10.7456/1080SSE/164
Lusardi, A. (2012). Numeracy, Financial Literacy, and Financial Decision Making, Numeracy, 5(1), 2. (doi:10.5038/1936-4660.5.1.2)
Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2014). The economic importance of financial literacy: Theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Literature, 52(1), 5-44. (doi: 10.1257/jel.52.1.5)
Magendans, J., Gutteling, J.M. & Zebel, S. (2017). Psychological Determinants of Finance Buffer Saving: The Influence of Financial risks Tolerance and Regulatory Focus, Journal of Risks research, 20(8), 1076-1093. (https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2016.1147491)
Mansor, M., Bhatti, M. I., & Ariff, M. (2015). Understanding the influence of individual and sociocultural factors on retirement planning: An empirical study in Malaysia. Asian Social Science, 11(13), 108-119. Source - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1042443114001589
Matenge, T., Makgosa, R. & Donatus, A. (2015). To Save or Not to Save Dilemma: Insights from a Behavioral Perspective, Journal of Research in Business, Economics and Management, 4(3), 403-415. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.3965897)
Mead, G.H. (1934). Mind, self and society: From the standpoint of a social behaviorist. University of Chicago Press.
Miles, M., Huberman, M. & Soldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis – A Methods Sourcebook. 3rd Edn., SAGE Publications, London.
Miller, D.K. (1965). A role theory approach to adjustment in old age. The Sociological Quarterly, 6(1), 37-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1965.tb01630.x
Mitchell O.S. & Fields G.S., (1984). The Economics of Retirement Behavior, Journal of Labor Economics, 2(1), 84-105. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/298024)
Munnell, A. H., Haverstick, K, & Mauricio, S., 2007, Why Defined Benefit Plans Survived in the public sector? State and Local Pension Plans, Center for Research at Boston College.
Mustafa, W.M.W., Othman, M. A., & Perumal, S. (2024). The dynamics of financial retirement planning: Financial attitude, financial literacy, and income as predictors. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 35(1), pp. 123-139. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-024-00296-2
Ong, T. S., & Hamid, N. A. (2020). Financial literacy and retirement planning among employees in Malaysia. Journal of Economics and Financial Analysis, 4(1), 1-14. (doi:10.1080/01900692.2019.1672078?scroll=top&needaccess=true)
Prottas, D. J., & Thompson, C. A. (2006). Stress, satisfaction, and the work-family interface: A comparison of self-employed business owners, independents, and organizational employees. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(4), 366–378. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.11.4.366
Ross, S. G. (2000). Doctrine and Practice in Social Security Pension Reforms. International Social Security Review, 53(2), pp. 3-29. (doi: 10.1111/1468-246x.00069)
Saeed, S., & Sarwar, A. (2016). Perception about social and financial issues of life after retirement: A case study of academic staff of public sector universities in Lahore, Pakistan. Cogent Business & Management, 3(1), 1236432.
Schjoedt, L., & Shaver, K. G. (2007). Deciding on an entrepreneurial career: A test of the pull and push hypotheses using the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics data. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(5), 733–752. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00197.x
Selvadurai, V., Kenayathulla, H. B., & Siraj, S. (2018). Financial literacy education and retirement planning in Malaysia. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, 6(2), 41-66. https://doi.org/10.22452/mojem.vol6no2.3
Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., & Webley, P. (1993). Children’s Saving: A Study in the Development of Economic Behavior. United Kingdom: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Limited.
Stoner, C. R., & Fry, F. L. (1982). The entrepreneurial decision: Dissatisfaction or opportunity? Journal of Small Business Management, 20(2), 39–44.
Taylor, M. A., & Doverspike, D. (2003). Retirement planning and preparation. In G. A. Adams & T. A. Beehr (Eds.), Retirement: Reasons, Processes, and Results (pp. 53-82). Springer.
Tendy, M., Rina, M. & Donatus, A. (2015). To Save or not to Save Dilemma: Insight from the Behavioral Perspective, Journal of Research in Business, Economics and Management, 4(3), 403-415. Retrieved from https://www.scitecresearch.com/journals/index.php/jrbem/article/view/448
Thu, T.H. (2018). How do Psychological Factors Affect Household Savings Behavior? Unpublished Manuscript, Radboud University, Netherlands
Topa, G., Moriano, J.A., Depolo, M., Alcover, C.M., Morales, J.F. (2009). Antecedents and consequences of retirement planning and decision making: A meta-analysis and model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(10, pp. 38-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.03.002
Whitaker, E.A., Bokememer, J.L. & Loveridge, S. (2013). Interactional associations of gender on saving behavior: Showing gender’s continued influence on economic action, Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 34(1), 105-119. (doi: 10.1007/s10834-012-9307-2)
Van Rooij, M., Lusardi, A., & Alessie, R. (2011). Financial literacy and retirement planning in the Netherlands. Journal of Economic Psychology, 32(4), 593-608. (https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1014994)
Xiao, J. J., Tang, C., Serido, J., & Shim, S. (2011). Antecedents and consequences of risky credit behavior among college students: Application and extension of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 30(2), 239-245. (https://doi.org/10.1509/jppm.30.2.239)
Atchley, R. C. (1989). A continuity theory of normal aging. The Gerontologist, 29(2), 183-190. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/29.2.183
Baron, R. A. & Henry, R. A. (2010). How entrepreneurs acquire the capacity to excel: Insights from research on expert performance. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 4(1), 49–65. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.82
Baron, R. A., Franklin, R. J., & Hmieleski, K. M. (2016). Why entrepreneurs often experience low, not high, levels of stress: The joint effects of selection and psychological capital. Journal of Management, 42(3), 742–768. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206313495411
Beehr, T. A. (1986). The process of retirement: A review and recommendations for future investigation. Personnel Psychology, 39(1), 31-55. https:doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1986.tb00573.x
Benz, M., & Frey, B. S. (2004). Being independent is a great thing: Subjective evaluations of self-employment and hierarchy. Economica, 71(281), 175–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-0427.2004.00364.x
Bodie, Z., Marcus, A. J., & Merton, R. C. (1988). Defined benefit versus defined contribution pension plans: What are the real trade-offs? (Working Paper No. 2882). National Bureau of Economic Research. https;//doi.org/10.3386/w2882
Cady, S. H. & Wheeler, J.V. (2019). A Proposed Theory Life Cycle Model: Standing on Shoulders of Giants, The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 55(4), 428-452. doi:10.1177/0021886319873050
Chong, L. L., & Ch’ng, S. Y. (2019). Retirement planning behavior of Malaysians: The influence of financial knowledge, attitude and perceived behavioral control. Journal of International Business and Management, 2(2), 19-28. Retrieved from Journal of International Business and Management.
Cumming, E., & Henry, W.E. (1961). Growing Old: The Process of Disengagement. New York: Basic Books.
Fossey, E., Harvey, C., McDermott, F. & Davidson, L. (2002). Understanding and evaluating qualitative research. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 36, 717-732. (https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.01100.x)
Gutierrez, H. C., & Hershey, D. A. (2016). Age differences in expected satisfaction with life in retirement. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 78(2), 93-114. https://doi.org/10.2190/AG.78.2.a
Hair, Jr. J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M., Sarstedt, M., & Danks, N.P. (2021). Soumya Ray Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) Using RA Workbook,
Hmieleski, K. M., & Corbett, A. C. (2008). The contrasting interaction effects of improvisational behavior with entrepreneurial self-efficacy on new venture performance and entrepreneur work satisfaction. Journal of Business Venturing, 23(4), 482–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2007.04.002
Jantan, M. S. (2019). Retirement insecurity: The changing setting for retirement planning [Preprint]. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication
Jingjing, Q. U. (2021). Job satisfaction, expected retirement financial insufficiency, and the expected retirement age of the entrepreneurs: an attraction-selection-attrition theory perspective. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 14(6), 1143-1167. (doi:10.1108/jeee-06-2021-0219)
Kaur, B. & Hassan, Z. (2018). Impact of Age, Gender, Income, Education and Financial Literacy Towards Retirement Planning Among Generation ‘Y’ in Malaysia, International Journal of Education, Learning and Training, 3(1), 31-53. (doi:10.24924/ijelt/2018.11/v3.iss1/30.53)
Khorasanee, M. Z. (1996). Annuity choice for pension (Actuarial Research Paper No. 90). Faculty of Actuarial Science & Insurance, City University London, https://digitalcommons.enl.edu/joap/133
Kim, J. & Chatterjee, S. (2013). Childhood financial socialization and young adults' financial management. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 24(1), 61–79. Source - https://www.afcpe.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/v24_1_61-79.pdf
Kimiyaghalam, F., Mansori, S., Safari, M. & Yap, S. (2017). Parents’ Influence on Retirement Planning in Malaysia, Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 43(3), pp. 315-325. (doi:10.1111/fcsr.12203)
Klapper, L., Lusardi, A., & Panos, G. A. (2013). Financial literacy and its consequences: Evidence from Russia during the financial crisis. Journal of Banking & Finance, 37(10), 3904-3923. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.07.014)
Kristjanpoller, W. & Olson, J., (2014). The Effect of Financial Knowledge and Demographic Variables on Passive and Active Investment in Chile's Pension Plan, Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 14 1-22. (doi:10.1017/s1474747214000213)
Lahey, K.E., Michelson, C.N., & Bajtelsmit, V. (2008). Retirement Plans for College Faculty at Public Institutions, downloaded from Research Gate on 9 February 2021. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228549875_
Lee, A., Xu, Y., & Hyde, K.F. (2016). Financial Literacy and the Limits of Financial Decision-Making, Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 18(2), 137-151.
Lim, C.S., Sia, B.K. & Gan,0 G.J. (2011). The Analysis of Psychological Factors Affecting Savers in Malaysia, Middle Eastern Finance and Economics, 12, 77-85. Source - http://eprints.utar.edu.my/id/eprint/884
Lim, L. (2017). Gender differences in retirement savings. Journal of Financial Planning, 30(7), 28-34. (doi:10.1111/jonm.12586) Local Government Act 1976.
Loibl, C., Kraybill, D. S., & DeMay, S. W. (2011). Accounting For The Role Of Habit In Regular Saving, Journal of Economic Psychology, 32(4), 581–592. (doi:10.1016/j.joep.2011.04.004)
Lian, Tai, T., & Sapuan, N. M. (2018). Retirement planning in Malaysia: Issues and challenges to achieve a sustainable lifestyle. Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, 8, 1222-1229. https://doi.org/10.7456/1080SSE/164
Lusardi, A. (2012). Numeracy, Financial Literacy, and Financial Decision Making, Numeracy, 5(1), 2. (doi:10.5038/1936-4660.5.1.2)
Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2014). The economic importance of financial literacy: Theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Literature, 52(1), 5-44. (doi: 10.1257/jel.52.1.5)
Magendans, J., Gutteling, J.M. & Zebel, S. (2017). Psychological Determinants of Finance Buffer Saving: The Influence of Financial risks Tolerance and Regulatory Focus, Journal of Risks research, 20(8), 1076-1093. (https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2016.1147491)
Mansor, M., Bhatti, M. I., & Ariff, M. (2015). Understanding the influence of individual and sociocultural factors on retirement planning: An empirical study in Malaysia. Asian Social Science, 11(13), 108-119. Source - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1042443114001589
Matenge, T., Makgosa, R. & Donatus, A. (2015). To Save or Not to Save Dilemma: Insights from a Behavioral Perspective, Journal of Research in Business, Economics and Management, 4(3), 403-415. (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.3965897)
Mead, G.H. (1934). Mind, self and society: From the standpoint of a social behaviorist. University of Chicago Press.
Miles, M., Huberman, M. & Soldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis – A Methods Sourcebook. 3rd Edn., SAGE Publications, London.
Miller, D.K. (1965). A role theory approach to adjustment in old age. The Sociological Quarterly, 6(1), 37-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1965.tb01630.x
Mitchell O.S. & Fields G.S., (1984). The Economics of Retirement Behavior, Journal of Labor Economics, 2(1), 84-105. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/298024)
Munnell, A. H., Haverstick, K, & Mauricio, S., 2007, Why Defined Benefit Plans Survived in the public sector? State and Local Pension Plans, Center for Research at Boston College.
Mustafa, W.M.W., Othman, M. A., & Perumal, S. (2024). The dynamics of financial retirement planning: Financial attitude, financial literacy, and income as predictors. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 35(1), pp. 123-139. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-024-00296-2
Ong, T. S., & Hamid, N. A. (2020). Financial literacy and retirement planning among employees in Malaysia. Journal of Economics and Financial Analysis, 4(1), 1-14. (doi:10.1080/01900692.2019.1672078?scroll=top&needaccess=true)
Prottas, D. J., & Thompson, C. A. (2006). Stress, satisfaction, and the work-family interface: A comparison of self-employed business owners, independents, and organizational employees. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(4), 366–378. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.11.4.366
Ross, S. G. (2000). Doctrine and Practice in Social Security Pension Reforms. International Social Security Review, 53(2), pp. 3-29. (doi: 10.1111/1468-246x.00069)
Saeed, S., & Sarwar, A. (2016). Perception about social and financial issues of life after retirement: A case study of academic staff of public sector universities in Lahore, Pakistan. Cogent Business & Management, 3(1), 1236432.
Schjoedt, L., & Shaver, K. G. (2007). Deciding on an entrepreneurial career: A test of the pull and push hypotheses using the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics data. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(5), 733–752. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00197.x
Selvadurai, V., Kenayathulla, H. B., & Siraj, S. (2018). Financial literacy education and retirement planning in Malaysia. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, 6(2), 41-66. https://doi.org/10.22452/mojem.vol6no2.3
Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., & Webley, P. (1993). Children’s Saving: A Study in the Development of Economic Behavior. United Kingdom: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Limited.
Stoner, C. R., & Fry, F. L. (1982). The entrepreneurial decision: Dissatisfaction or opportunity? Journal of Small Business Management, 20(2), 39–44.
Taylor, M. A., & Doverspike, D. (2003). Retirement planning and preparation. In G. A. Adams & T. A. Beehr (Eds.), Retirement: Reasons, Processes, and Results (pp. 53-82). Springer.
Tendy, M., Rina, M. & Donatus, A. (2015). To Save or not to Save Dilemma: Insight from the Behavioral Perspective, Journal of Research in Business, Economics and Management, 4(3), 403-415. Retrieved from https://www.scitecresearch.com/journals/index.php/jrbem/article/view/448
Thu, T.H. (2018). How do Psychological Factors Affect Household Savings Behavior? Unpublished Manuscript, Radboud University, Netherlands
Topa, G., Moriano, J.A., Depolo, M., Alcover, C.M., Morales, J.F. (2009). Antecedents and consequences of retirement planning and decision making: A meta-analysis and model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(10, pp. 38-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.03.002
Whitaker, E.A., Bokememer, J.L. & Loveridge, S. (2013). Interactional associations of gender on saving behavior: Showing gender’s continued influence on economic action, Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 34(1), 105-119. (doi: 10.1007/s10834-012-9307-2)
Van Rooij, M., Lusardi, A., & Alessie, R. (2011). Financial literacy and retirement planning in the Netherlands. Journal of Economic Psychology, 32(4), 593-608. (https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1014994)
Xiao, J. J., Tang, C., Serido, J., & Shim, S. (2011). Antecedents and consequences of risky credit behavior among college students: Application and extension of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 30(2), 239-245. (https://doi.org/10.1509/jppm.30.2.239)
Published
2025-07-01
How to Cite
Jakaria, A., & Ali, S. H. (2025). Behavioral and Psychological Factors Influencing Retirement Decisions Among Young Workers in Rural and Urban Sabah, Malaysia. Information Management and Business Review, 17(2(I), 241-249. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v17i2(I).4549
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Copyright (c) 2025 Aidarina Jakaria, Syarifah Hanum Ali
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