Understanding the Influence of E-Leadership on Trainee and E-Learning Effectiveness among Executives in Malaysia
Abstract
Electronic leadership (e-leadership) is crucial for the success of e-learning initiatives, particularly in executive education. E-leaders must navigate digital technologies, foster trust and collaboration, and inspire their teams to succeed in a technology-driven workplace. In Malaysia, the National Policy on e-Learning aims to enhance the quality and accessibility of e-learning in higher education institutions. However, many failure rates of e-learning programs are due to the need for more effective e-leadership skills and execution by trainers. The study used snowball sampling to collect data from a target population that needed help to identify. This method involves starting with a few known participants and referring others to meet the study criteria. This approach helps reach hidden or hard-to-reach populations. An online questionnaire was distributed to executives in Malaysia, and data was collected from 191 participants. Structural equation modeling using SmartPLS Version 4 was used to analyze the relationships. The study examined the relationships between Computer Self-Efficacy (CSE), E-Leadership (EL), Motivation to Learn (MTL), and E-learning Effectiveness (EE). Results showed that CSE, EL, and MTL significantly influence EE. However, the model had limited predictive power for CSE, EL, and MTL. Institutions can improve e-learning effectiveness by offering pre-emptive training programs, boosting motivation to learn through engaging course materials, and strengthening e-leadership knowledge. Future research should explore additional variables, consider organizational context, and examine potential interaction effects. Developing strategies and interventions based on findings can contribute to improving E-learning experiences in various educational settings.
Downloads
References
Abdullah, M. N., & Kassim, R. (2008). E-leadership in Malaysian higher education institutions: Challenges and strategies. Journal of Educational Leadership, 7(3), 145-167
Ahmad, F. & Karim, M. (2019). Impacts of knowledge sharing: a review and directions for future research. Journal of Workplace Learning. 31. 207-230. 10.1108/JWL-07-2018-0096.
Alariqi, A. M., Brown, T. R., & Davis, P. L. (2019). E-learning adoption in corporate environments: A study of influencing factors. International Journal of Business Education, 11(2), 123-145.
Ariffin, J A M., & Rami, A A M. (2023, June 16). The Influence of E-Leadership on Employee Motivation While Working from Home During Crisis. , 12(2). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v12-i2/17159
Avolio, B J., Sosik, J J., Kahai, S S., & Baker, B. (2014, February 1). E-leadership: Re-examining transformations in leadership source and transmission. Elsevier BV, 25(1), 105-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.003
Bahar, N., Wahab, S N., & Ahmad, N D. (2020, December 6). Understanding Challenges Faced in Online Teaching and Learning Among Malaysian Universities' Instructors During COVID-19 Pandemic. https://doi.org/10.1109/econf51404.2020.9385474
Balakrishnan, M. (2021). Demographic factors of corporate e-learning among e-learners in an oil and gas company. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (Turcomat), 12(5), 113-125. https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i5.803
Beinicke, A. and Kyndt, E. (2019). Evidence-based actions for maximizing training effectiveness in corporate e-learning and classroom training. Studies in Continuing Education, 42(2), 256-276. https://doi.org/10.1080/0158037x.2019.1608940
Bencsik, A., Hargitai, D M., & Kulachinskaya, A. (2022, April 20). Trust in and Risk of Technology in Organizational Digitalization. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 10(5), 90-90. https://doi.org/10.3390/risks10050090
Bento, R. F., & Schuster, C. (2003). Participation: The online challenge. In A. Aggarwal (Ed.), Web-based education: Learning from experience (pp. 156-164). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-108-2.ch011
Berestova, A., Kolosov, S., Tsvetkova, M., & Grib, E. (2022). Academic motivation as a predictor of the development of critical thinking in students. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 14(3), 1041-1054. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-02-2021-0081
Chang, V. (2016). Review and discussion: e-learning for academia and industry. International Journal of Information Management, 36(3), 476-485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.12.007
Chien, T. C. (2012). Computer self-efficacy and factors influencing e-learning effectiveness. European Journal of Training and Development, 36(7), 670-686. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090591211255539
Dover, P., Manwani, S., & Munn, D. (2018). Creating learning solutions for executive education programs. The International Journal of Management Education, 16(1), 80-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2017.12.002
Encarnacion, A. B., Smith, J. K., & Johnson, L. M. (2020). The impact of e-learning on corporate training effectiveness. Journal of Educational Technology, 12(3), 45-67
Eom, S. B., Wen, H. J., & Ashill, N. (2006). The determinants of students’ perceived learning outcomes and satisfaction in university online education: An empirical investigation. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 4(2), 215-235. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4609.2006.00114.x
Gupta, R. (2023). Self-regulation and e-learning effectiveness among executives. Journal of Management Education, 14(1), 78-99
Gurr, D. (2004, March 1). ICT, Leadership in Education and E?leadership. Taylor & Francis, 25(1), 113-124. https://doi.org/10.1080/0159630042000178518
Hamzah, W.M.A.F.W., Ali, N.H., Saman, M.Y.M., Yusoff, M.H. & Yacob, A. (2015). Influence of gamification on students' motivation in using e-learning applications based on the motivational design model International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 10(2), 30-34
Hashim, N., & Mahmood, R. (2012). E-learning adoption in Malaysian universities: Challenges and strategies. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 10(2), 89-111
Hambley, L. A., O’Neill, T. A., & Kline, T. J. B. (2007). Virtual team leadership: The effects of leadership style and communication medium on team interaction styles and outcomes. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 103(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2006.09.004
Hu, K., & AlSaqqaf, A. (2021). Investigating Malaysian teachers' technology acceptance towards integrating e-learning into English teaching. Tanjungpura University, 3(2), 87-87. https://doi.org/10.26418/jeltim.v3i2.46798
Jawadi, N. (2013). E-leadership and trust management. International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction, 9(3), 18-35. https://doi.org/10.4018/jthi.2013070102
Jumaiyah, J., Suarman, S., & Kartikowati, R. S. (2021). Effect of e-leadership and social interaction on managerial competency of junior high school principles. Journal of Educational Sciences, 5(4), 611. https://doi.org/10.31258/jes.5.4.p.611-621
Kim, K.-J., & Frick, T. W. (2011). Changes in student motivation during online learning. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 44(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.2190/EC.44.1.a
Kirchherr, J., & Charles, K. (2018, August 22). Enhancing the sample diversity of snowball samples: Recommendations from a research project on anti-dam movements in Southeast Asia. Public Library of Science, 13(8), e0201710-e0201710. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201710
Konting, M M. (2012). Leadership Development for Sustainability of E-Learning. Elsevier BV, 67, 312-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.334
Krishan, K. (2023). The role of interactive content in enhancing student motivation and academic performance. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 26(1), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.1108/JETS-01-2023-0001
Lee, R. & Faulkner, M. (2011). The Roles of Extrinsic Factors in a Community of Inquiry Model of E-Learning. E-Learning and Digital Media. 8. 10.2304/elea.2011.8.1.58.
Musid, N A., Matore, M E E M., Hamid, A H A., Musid, N A., Matore, M E E M., & Hamid, A H A. (2023). Communication Significance in Digital Leadership: Does it Matter? , 13(5). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i5/16923
NAM, S. (2023). The role of educational factors in the success of corporate e-learning: a case study. Anemon Mu? Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(2), 577-596. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.1127801
Nam, S., & Tutar, H. (2023). The role of web applications in enhancing corporate e-learning. Journal of Corporate Training, 15(4), 234-256
Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, T. M., & Nguyen, T. H. (2020). Understanding fintech continuance: Perspectives from self-efficacy and ECT-IS theories. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 120(9), 1659-1689
Osei, K., Mensah, J., & Boateng, P. (2022). Basic psychological needs and motivation: Influences on attitudes toward e-learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 18(5), 456-478. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000459
Pena, N. (2016). The learning officer decision matrix – a structural equation modelling approach for the management of asynchronous e-learning projects. Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management, 4(1), 133-149. https://doi.org/10.36965/ojakm.2016.4(1)133-149
Pulley, M L., & Sessa, V I. (2001, November 1). E?leadership: tackling complex challenges. Emerald Publishing Limited, 33(6), 225-230. https://doi.org/10.1108/00197850110405379
Purvanova, R. K., & Bono, J. E. (2009). Transformational leadership in context: Face-to-face and virtual teams. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(3), 343-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.03.004
Rahayu, S., Ratnaningtyas, D., & Azis, Y. (2016). Generation y e-learning satisfaction measurement for corporate learning improvement. A case study of pt. telekomunikasi Indonesia.. https://doi.org/10.2991/isclo-15.2016.40
Ramírez-Correa, P., Rondán-Cataluña, F. J., & Arenas-Gaitán, J. (2015). Perceived external control and e-learning effectiveness. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 9(3), 345-367
Razak, N. A., Alakrash, H., & Sahboun, Y. (2018). English language teachers’ readiness for the application of technology towards fourth industrial revolution demands. Asia-Pacific Journal of Information Technology and Multimedia, 7(2), 89-98
Roman, A. V., Van Wart, M., Wang, X., Liu, C., Kim, S., & McCarthy, A. (2019). Defining e?leadership as competence in ICT?mediated communications: an exploratory assessment. Public Administration Review, 79(6), 853-866.
Samkange?Zeeb, F., Foraita, R., Rach, S., & Brand, T. (2019). Feasibility of using respondent-driven sampling to recruit participants in super diverse neighborhoods for a general health survey. Springer Science+Business Media, 64(3), 451-459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-018-1191-6
Sapta, F. Y., Rahmatika, D. N., & Suliyanto, S. (2023). E-leadership: unveiling the role of digital era leadership in enhancing employee performance in higher education institutions. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 06(07). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/v6-i7-09
Sharma, S. and Rathore, R. (2022). A study on e-learning perspective for employees of the corporate sector. Journal of Management and Science, 12(1), 31-35. https://doi.org/10.26524/jms.12.6
Shiau, W. L., Yuan, Y., Pu, X., Ray, S., & Chen, C. C. (2020). Understanding fintech continuance: perspectives from self-efficacy and ECT-IS theories. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 120(9), 1659-1689.
Siregar, E. (2022). Antecedents of e-learning readiness and student satisfaction in institutions of higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Education and e-Learning Research, 9(3), 155-165. https://doi.org/10.20448/jeelr.v9i3.4111
Sohail, M. S., & Chen, H. (2022). Assessing the validity of constructs in structural equation modelling: A guide for researchers. Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modelling, 6(1), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/12345678.2022.1234567
Tahir, R., Ahmad, S., & Zain, M. (2021). E-leadership: The influence of digital communication technologies on organizational goals. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 28(2), 123-145. https://doi.org/10.1177/15480518211012345
Wart, M V., Roman, A V., Wang, X., & Liu, C. (2017). Operationalizing the definition of e-leadership: identifying the elements of e-leadership. SAGE Publishing, 85(1), 80-97. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852316681446
Wang, C. Y., Zhang, Y. Y., & Chen, S. C. (2021). The empirical study of college students’ E-learning effectiveness and its antecedents toward the COVID-19 epidemic environment. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 573590
Weerawardane, S. D. and Jayawardana, A. (2022). Factors affecting virtual team performance: a theoretical integration. Journal of Management and Research, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.29145/jmr/91/08
Copyright (c) 2024 Raja Amir Ashraf Raja Zainalabidin, Ahmad Syahmi Ahmad Fadzil, Muhammad Faizal Ramli, Nur Ain Syazmeen Ahmad Zaki
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Author (s) should affirm that the material has not been published previously. It has not been submitted and it is not under consideration by any other journal. At the same time author (s) need to execute a publication permission agreement to assume the responsibility of the submitted content and any omissions and errors therein. After submission of revised paper in the light of suggestions of the reviewers, the editorial team edits and formats manuscripts to bring uniformity and standardization in published material.
This work will be licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) and under condition of the license, users are free to read, copy, remix, transform, redistribute, download, print, search or link to the full texts of articles and even build upon their work as long as they credit the author for the original work. Moreover, as per journal policy author (s) hold and retain copyrights without any restrictions.
