Impact of Remuneration and Motivation on Employee Performance Amidst The COVID-19 Pandemic

  • Adilah Mazlan Kolej Teknikal Sri Ayu Sdn Bhd, Taman Kampar Perdana Kampar Perak
  • Nur Atiqah Rochin Demong Universiti Teknologi MARA
Keywords: Employee performance, Remuneration, Work Motivation, COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Globalization and other environmental issues are causing problems for organizations. Improving employee performance is the responsibility of any organization, as it is crucial for the attainment of optimal objectives. An employee’s reputation is improved by performing well on the job, which helps them advance in their professions. Without effective remuneration and motivation, it can affect employee performance in the organization. Other than that, the past researchers regarding this study also discussed. The relationship between independent variables and dependent variables was assessed using descriptive analysis, normality analysis, reliability analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis in this study. The population and sample of employees in the selected organization in Perak. The total population of 250 respondents in the company, and the sampling size was 148 respondents based on the Krejcie & Morgan table. Data collection in this study was conducted through questionnaires, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 20. The findings indicated that employee performance is significantly and positively influenced by remuneration and work motivation, with motivation being the most significant factor in the performance of education employees during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdullah, M. I., Huang, D., Sarfraz, M., Ivascu, L., & Riaz, A. (2021). Effects of internal service quality on nurses’ job satisfaction, commitment and performance: Mediating role of employee well?being. Nursing Open, 8(2), 607-619. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.665

Akdere, M., & Egan, T. (2020). Transformational leadership and human resource development: Linking employee learning, job satisfaction, and organizational performance. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 31(4), 393-421. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21404

Akram, U., Fülöp, M. T., Tiron-Tudor, A., Topor, D. I., & C?pu?neanu, S. (2021). Impact of digitalization on customers’ well-being in the pandemic period: Challenges and opportunities for the retail industry. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(14), 7533. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147533

Al-Sharify, Z. T., Nussrat, H. H., Al-Najjar, S. Z., Onyeaka, H., Al-Sharify, N., Al-Majeed, M., & Abdulhussein, A. (2021). The emergence of COVID-19 and its pandemic potential as a global health security threat and its effect on future life strategy. System Rev Pharm, 12(3), 259-269.

Alfawaire, F., & Atan, T. (2021). The effect of strategic human resource and knowledge management on sustainable competitive advantages at Jordanian universities: The mediating role of organizational innovation. Sustainability, 13(15), 8445. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158445

Ali, B. J., & Anwar, G. (2021). An empirical study of employees’ motivation and its influence on job satisfaction. Ali, BJ, & Anwar, G.(2021). An Empirical Study of Employees’ Motivation and Its Influence on Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Engineering, Business and Management, 5(2), 21-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22161/ijebm.5.2.3

Alipour, N., Nazari-Shirkouhi, S., Sangari, M., & Rezaei Vandchali, H. (2022). Lean, agile, resilient, and green human resource management: the impact on organizational innovation and organizational performance. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21576-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1271764/v1

Alsharif, H. Z. H., Shu, T., Obrenovic, B., Godinic, D., Alhujailli, A., & Abdullaev, A. M. (2021). Impact of entrepreneurial leadership and bricolage on job security and sustainable economic performance: An empirical study of Croatian companies during COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainability, 13(21), 11958. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111958

Amjad, F., Abbas, W., Zia-Ur-Rehman, M., Baig, S. A., Hashim, M., Khan, A., & Rehman, H.-u.-. (2021). Effect of green human resource management practices on organizational sustainability: the mediating role of environmental and employee performance. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 28191-28206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11307-9

Arifin, S., Darmawan, D., Hartanto, C. F. B., & Rahman, A. (2022). Human resources based on total quality management. Journal of Social Science Studies (JOS3), 2(1), 17-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56348/jos3.v2i1.22

Astuty, I., & Udin, U. (2020). The effect of perceived organizational support and transformational leadership on affective commitment and employee performance. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(10), 401-411. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no10.401

Bartsch, S., Weber, E., Büttgen, M., & Huber, A. (2021). Leadership matters in crisis-induced digital transformation: how to lead service employees effectively during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Service Management, 32(1), 71-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-05-2020-0160

Belete, G. (2021). Assessment of Motivation Practice on Employee's Performance: The Case of Nifas Silk Lafto Woreda One ST. MARY’S UNIVERSITY].

Bhattacharjee, A., & Ghosh, T. (2022). COVID-19 pandemic and stress: coping with the new normal. Journal of Prevention and Health Promotion, 3(1), 30-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/26320770211050058

Camilleri, M. A., & Camilleri, M. (2021). Using the balanced scorecard as a performance management tool in higher education. Management in Education, 35, 10-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020620921412 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020620921412

Chien, G. C., Mao, I., Nergui, E., & Chang, W. (2020). The effect of work motivation on employee performance: Empirical evidence from 4-star hotels in Mongolia. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 19(4), 473-495. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2020.1763766

Dalal, M. T., Vyas, R., & Raghuwanshi, S. (2022). A Study of the Effect of Material and Non-Material Benefits on Job Satisfaction.(With Special Reference to Employees of Selected Companies in MP). of the Book: A Flourishing Digital Era: Innovations in Industry, Education, 1, 537.

Davidescu, A. A., Apostu, S.-A., Paul, A., & Casuneanu, I. (2020). Work flexibility, job satisfaction, and job performance among Romanian employees—Implications for sustainable human resource management. Sustainability, 12(15), 6086. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156086

Didit, D. D., & Nikmah, N. R. S. (2020). The role of remuneration contribution and social support in organizational life to build work engagement. Journal of Islamic Economics Perspectives, 1(2), 20-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35719/jiep.v1i2.24

Diefendorff, J. M., Kenworthy, M. E., Lee, F. C., & Nguyen, L. K. (2022). Work motivation. In Oxford research Encyclopedia of Psychology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.37

Dubey, S., Biswas, P., Ghosh, R., Chatterjee, S., Dubey, M. J., Chatterjee, S., Lahiri, D., & Lavie, C. J. (2020). Psychosocial impact of COVID-19. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: clinical research & reviews, 14(5), 779-788. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.035

Elisa, Z. P., Nabella, S. D., & Sari, D. P. (2022). The Influence of Role Perception, Human Resource Development, and Compensation on Employee Performance Universitas Ibnu Sina. Enrichment: Journal of Management, 12(3), 1606-1612.

Faozen, F., & Sandy, S. R. O. (2024). Performance Management: A New Approach in Performance Management. In Human Resource Management-An Update. IntechOpen. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1002501

Firman, A. (2021). The effect of career development on employee performance at Aswin Hotel and Spa Makassar. Jurnal manajemen bisnis, 8(1), 133-146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33096/jmb.v8i1.721

Gardner, B., Lally, P., & Rebar, A. L. (2020). Does habit weaken the relationship between intention and behavior? Revisiting the habit?intention interaction hypothesis. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 14(8), e12553. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12553

Hafshah, R. N., Najmaei, M., Mansori, S., & Fuchs, O. (2022). The Impact of Remote Work During COVID-19 Pandemic on Millennial Employee Performance: Evidence from the Indonesian Banking Industry. Journal of Insurance and Financial Management, 7(2), 15-39.

Hajiali, I., Kessi, A. M. F., Budiandriani, B., Prihatin, E., & Sufri, M. M. (2022). Determination of work motivation, leadership style, employee competence on job satisfaction and employee performance. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 2(1), 57-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v2i1.160

Hattie, J., Hodis, F. A., & Kang, S. H. (2020). Theories of motivation: Integration and ways forward. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101865. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101865

Hendrik, G. E., Fanggidae, R. E., & Timuneno, T. (2021). Effect of work engagement on employee performance. 6th International Conference on Tourism, Economics, Accounting, Management, and Social Science (TEAMS 2021), DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.211124.095

Hombalimath, V., & Kinange, D. (2020). A Study on Talent Management and its Impact on Organization Performance- An Empirical Review. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, 10, 64-71. https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.10.1.12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.10.1.12

Hultman, K. (2020). Building a Culture of Employee Optimization. Organization Development Journal, 38(2).

Insan, A. N., Asharian, A., & Yasin, N. A. (2021). Transglobal leadership as a driver for increasing employee performance. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 10(1), 54-57.

Iptian, R., Zamroni, Z., & Efendi, R. (2020). The effect of work discipline and compensation on employee performance. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(8), 145-152.

Karim, W., Haque, A., Anis, Z., & Ulfy, M. A. (2020). The movement control order (MCO) for the COVID-19 crisis and its impact on the tourism and hospitality sector in Malaysia. International Tourism and Hospitality Journal, 3(2), 1-7.

Khan, N., Sarwar, A., & Tan, B. C. (2021). Determinants of purchase intention of halal cosmetic products among Generation Y consumers. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 12(8), 1461-1476. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-11-2019-0248

Kodarlikar, M., & Umale, V. (2020). A healthy workplace environment: impact on employee and organizational performance. IRE Journals, 4(2), 116-122.

Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308

Kundu, S. C., Tuteja, P., & Chahar, P. (2022). COVID-19 challenges and employees' stress: the mediating role of family-life disturbance and work-life imbalance. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 44(6), 1318-1337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-03-2021-0090

Kurdi, B., Alzoubi, H., Akour, I., & Alshurideh, M. (2022). The effect of blockchain and smart inventory system on supply chain performance: Empirical evidence from the retail industry. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 10(4), 1111-1116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2022.9.001

Kutieshat, R., & Farmanesh, P. (2022). The impact of new human resource management practices on innovation performance during the COVID-19 crisis: A new perception on enhancing the educational sector. Sustainability, 14(5), 2872. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052872

Lovett, S., Rasheed, A. A., & Hou, W. (2022). Stock options, restricted stock, salary, or bonus? Managing CEO compensation to maximize organizational performance. Business Horizons, 65(2), 115-123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2021.02.041

Mahathir, M., Matondang, A. R., & Wibowo, R. P. (2020). The Influence of Financial and Non-Financial Compensation on the Work Motivation of Harvest Workers in PT. Rizky Fajar Adi Putra. International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal. com), 7(1), 1.

Manroop, L., & Petrovski, D. (2023). Exploring layers of context-related work-from-home demands during COVID-19. Personnel Review, 52(6), 1708-1727. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-06-2021-0459

Martinr, S., & Uribe, M. (2021). The Influence of The Reward System on Employee Job Satisfaction with Work Motivation as Intervening Variables (Case Study on Employees of Medical Department United States). MEDALION JOURNAL: Medical Research, Nursing, Health and Midwife Participation, 2(2), 53-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59733/medalion.v2i2.25

Maryani, Y., Entang, M., & Tukiran, M. (2021). The relationship between work motivation, work discipline and employee performance at the Regional Secretariat of Bogor City. International Journal of Social and Management Studies, 2(2), 1-16.

Mohamad, S., & Akbari, S. F. (2022). The Global Pandemic and Challenges for Tertiary Education in Malaysia. In Assessing University Governance and Policies in Relation to the COVID-19 Pandemic (pp. 204-218). IGI Global. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8279-4.ch012

Muhamad Khair, N. K., Lee, K. E., & Mokhtar, M. (2021). Community-based monitoring in the new normal: a strategy for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 6712. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136712

Mun, S., Moon, Y., Kim, H., & Kim, N. (2022). Current discussions on employees and organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic literature review. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 848778. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.848778

Murpin, J., Sembiring, Fatihudin, D., Mochklas, M., & Holisin, I. (2020). Banking Employee Performance During Pandemic Covid-19: Remuneration And Motivation. 12, 64-71. https://doi.org/10.37896/JXAT12.07/2304

Narayanamurthy, G., & Tortorella, G. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on employee performance–moderating role of industry 4.0 base technologies. International Journal of Production Economics, 234, 108075. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2021.108075

Nguyen, P. T., Yandi, A., & Mahaputra, M. R. (2020). Factors that influence employee performance: motivation, leadership, environment, culture organization, work achievement, competence and compensation (A study of human resource management literature studies). Dinasti International Journal of Digital Business Management, 1(4), 645-662.

Ngwacho, A. G. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic impact on Kenyan education sector: Learner challenges and mitigations. Journal of research innovation and implications in education, 4(2), 128-139.

Ntanjana, S. (2022). Comparison of employee productivity levels between traditional and virtual offices at tertiary institutions in the Western Cape Cape Peninsula University of Technology].

Nurlina, N., Widayatsih, T., & Lestari, N. D. (2023). The effect of job satisfaction and motivation on the organizational commitment. JMKSP (Jurnal Manajemen, Kepemimpinan, Dan Supervisi Pendidikan), 8(1), 26-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31851/jmksp.v8i1.10029

Nurpribadi, G., Rulianti, E., & Banteni, F. (2024). The Influence of Compensation, Motivation, and Work Discipline on Employee Performance. Ilomata International Journal of Management, 5, 294-307. https://doi.org/10.52728/ijjm.v5i1.1057 DOI: https://doi.org/10.52728/ijjm.v5i1.1057

Paais, M., & Pattiruhu, J. R. (2020). Effect of motivation, leadership, and organizational culture on satisfaction and employee performance. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(8), 577-588. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no8.577

Pacheco, T., Coulombe, S., Khalil, C., Meunier, S., Doucerain, M., Auger, E., & Cox, E. (2020). Job security and the promotion of workers’ wellbeing in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic: A study with Canadian workers one to two weeks after the initiation of social distancing measures. International Journal of Wellbeing, 10(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v10i3.1321

Pandey, D. L. (2020). Work stress and employee performance: an assessment of the impact of work stress. International Research Journal of Human Resource and Social Sciences, 7(05), 124-135.

Passos, L., Prazeres, F., Teixeira, A., & Martins, C. (2020). Impact on mental health due to COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional study in Portugal and Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6794. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186794

Prasetyo, I., Aliyyah, N., Syahrial, R., Nartasari, D. R., & Wibowo, H. (2021). Discipline and work environment affect employee productivity: evidence from Indonesia. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 25(5), 1-32.

Pratap, P., Dickson, A., Love, M., Zanoni, J., Donato, C., Flynn, M. A., & Schulte, P. A. (2021). Public health impacts of underemployment and unemployment in the United States: Exploring perceptions, gaps and opportunities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 10021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910021

Ravitch, S. M., & Carl, N. M. (2019). Qualitative Research: Bridging the Conceptual, Theoretical, and Methodological. SAGE Publications. https://books.google.com.my/books?id=6e-9DwAAQBAJ

Reddy, V. S. (2020). Impact of compensation on employee performance. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 25(9), 17-22.

Rinny, P., Purba, C. B., & Handiman, U. T. (2020). The influence of compensation, job promotion, and job satisfaction on employee performance at Mercubuana University. International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM), 5(2), 39-48.

Riyanto, S., Endri, E., & Herlisha, N. (2021). Effect of work motivation and job satisfaction on employee performance: Mediating role of employee engagement. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(3), 162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(3).2021.14

Roopavathi, S., & Kishore, K. (2021). The impact of work-life balance on employee performance. Journal of Interdisciplinary Cycle Research, 12(10), 31-37.

Rumanda, Y., Indratjahyo, H., & Subagja, I. K. (2023). The effect of leadership style and work motivation on employee performance at the regional office of DJP West Java II with work discipline as a mediating variable. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54660/.IJMRGE.2023.4.3.917-927

Sadovyy, M., Sánchez-Gómez, M., & Bresó, E. (2021). COVID-19: How the stress generated by the pandemic may affect work performance through the moderating role of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 180, 110986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.110986

Salas-Vallina, A., Rofcanin, Y., & Las Heras, M. (2022). Building resilience and performance in turbulent times: The influence of shared leadership and passion at work across levels. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 25(1), 8-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/23409444211035138

Saleem, F., Malik, M. I., & Qureshi, S. S. (2021). Work stress hampering employee performance during COVID-19: is safety culture needed? Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 655839. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.655839

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2013). Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 34(7), 700-701. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-06-2013-0079 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-06-2013-0079

Sembiring, I. P., Dalimunthe, R. F., & Gultom, P. (2023). The Effect Of Self-Esteem In Organization And Self-Awareness On Employee Performance With Organizational Commitment As A Mediation Variable In Astra Credit Companies Medan Branch. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration, 3(2), 581-593. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v3i2.813

Sheridan Rains, L., Johnson, S., Barnett, P., Steare, T., Needle, J. J., Carr, S., Lever Taylor, B., Bentivegna, F., Edbrooke-Childs, J., & Scott, H. R. (2021). Early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health care and people with mental health conditions: framework synthesis of international experiences and responses. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 56, 13-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-01924-7

Shoaib, M., Nawal, A., Korsakien?, R., Záme?ník, R., Rehman, A. U., & Raišien?, A. G. (2022). Performance of academic staff during COVID-19 pandemic-induced work transformations: An IPO model for stress management. Economies, 10(2), 51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10020051

Shtembari, E., Kufo, A., & Haxhinasto, D. (2022). Employee compensation and benefits pre and post-COVID-19. Administrative Sciences, 12(3), 106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030106

Sitopu, Y. B., Sitinjak, K. A., & Marpaung, F. K. (2021). The influence of motivation, work discipline, and compensation on employee performance. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 1(2), 72-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v1i2.79

Sugiarti, E., Finatariani, E., & Rahman, Y. T. (2021). Earning cultural values as a strategic step to improve employee performance. Scientific Journal of Reflection: Economic, Accounting, Management and Business, 4(1), 221-230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37481/sjr.v4i1.270

Sun, J., Sarfraz, M., Ivascu, L., Iqbal, K., & Mansoor, A. (2022). How did work-related depression, anxiety, and stress hamper healthcare employee performance during COVID-19? The mediating role of job burnout and mental health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 19(16), 10359. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610359

Urdan, T., & Kaplan, A. (2020). The origins, evolution, and future directions of achievement goal theory. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101862 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101862

Waal, A. D. (2021). The high-performance organization: proposed definition and measurement of its performance. Measuring Business Excellence, 25(3), 300-314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MBE-04-2020-0064

Walelign, T. (2021). An Assessment On The Effect Of Reward Managements Practice on Employee Performance in Dashen Bank West a District St. Mary’s University].

Wang, W., Albert, L., & Sun, Q. (2020). Employee isolation and telecommuter organizational commitment. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 42(3), 609-625. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-06-2019-0246

Werdhiastutie, A., Suhariadi, F., & Partiwi, S. G. (2020). Achievement motivation as antecedents of quality improvement of organizational human resources. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) 3, 747-752. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i2.886

Widayanto, T., & Nugroho, S. (2022). The Influence Of Leadership, Organizational Culture, And Work Competence On Employee Performance Through Work Motivation. Jurnal Pamator : Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Trunojoyo, 15, 218-234. https://doi.org/10.21107/pamator.v15i2.18807 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/pamator.v15i2.18807

Xiang, S., Rasool, S., Hang, Y., Javid, K., Javed, T., & Artene, A. E. (2021). The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on service sector sustainability and growth. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 633597. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633597

Published
2024-10-01
How to Cite
Mazlan, A., & Demong, N. A. R. (2024). Impact of Remuneration and Motivation on Employee Performance Amidst The COVID-19 Pandemic. Information Management and Business Review, 16(3(I)S), 344-358. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v16i3(I)S.4039
Section
Research Paper