The Perception of Health Belief and Vaccine Valence Towards Domestic Tourist Intention to Travel during COVID-19 Pandemic
Keywords:
COVID-19, Health risk perception, domestic vacation intention, vaccine valence
Abstract
This research investigates health risk perception and vaccine valence as factors that affect Malaysian intention to engage in domestic vacations. An online survey was created with Google Forms and distributed to a sample of 265 domestic travellers at least 18 years of age in May and June 2021; this is when the nationwide vaccine program started in Malaysia. The result indicates that vaccine valence risk perception was a significant factor in affecting domestic vacation intention. Only perceived behavioural control and subjective norms mediated the relationship between health risk perception and domestic vacation intention. Overall, vaccine valence risk perception tested significantly with all constructs in this study due to the various factors, especially the timing of data collection where the data collection was carried out amid the national vaccination program. Hence, the vaccine is now perceived as a hope for many as the solution to the current pandemic problem. It indicates that domestic vacationers will return once vaccinated and when tourism sectors are open for business and resume their regular operation. These findings extend the body of knowledge for the theory of health belief and theory of planned behaviour in predicting tourist intention to travel during a pandemic. Findings also indicate the positive impact of vaccine valence on the tourist's intention to travel, which provides a glimpse of future tourist behaviour when facing similar uncertainties.
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References
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Fan, X., Lu, J., Qiu, M., & Xiao, X. (2023). Changes in travel behaviours and intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic and recovery period: A case study of China. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2022.100522
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Golets, A., Farias, J., Pilati, R., & Costa, H. (2023). COVID-19 pandemic and tourism: The impact of health risk perception and intolerance of uncertainty on travel intentions. Current Psychology, 42, 2500–2513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02282-6/Published
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Grégoire, Y., & Fisher, R. J. (2006). The effects of relationship quality on customer retaliation. Marketing Letters, 17(1), 31–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-006-3796-4
Hanafiah, M. H., Md Zain, N. A., Azinuddin, M., & Mior Shariffuddin, N. S. (2022). I’m afraid to travel! Investigating the effect of perceived health risk on Malaysian travellers’ post-pandemic perception and future travel intention. Journal of Tourism Futures. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-10-2021-0235
Hair, Joseph F., Hault, G. T. M., Christian Ringle, & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). SAGE Publications.
Han, H., Al-Ansi, A., Chua, B. L., Tariq, B., Radic, A., & Park, S. H. (2020). The post-coronavirus world in the international tourism industry: Application of the theory of planned behaviour to safer destination choices in the case of US outbound tourism. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(18), 6485.
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Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modelling in international marketing. Advances in International Marketing, 20, 277–319. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1474-7979(2009)0000020014
Henseler, J., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Goodness-of-fit indices for partial least squares path modelling. Computational Statistics, 28(2), 565–580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00180-012-0317-1
Huang, X., Dai, S., & Xu, H. (2020). Predicting tourists’ health risk preventative behaviour and travelling satisfaction in Tibet: Combining the theory of planned behaviour and health belief model. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33(February 2019), 100589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.100589
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J?czmyk, A., Uglis, J., Zawadka, J., Pietrzak-Zawadka, J., Wojcieszak-Zbierska, M. M., & Kozera-Kowalska, M. (2023). Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Tourist Travel Risk Perception and Travel Behaviour: A Case Study of Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20085545
Khan, M. A. A., & Hashim, H. (2020). the Effect of Covid-19 on Tourism and Hospitality Industry in Malaysia, Resurgence in the Post-Pandemic Era: a Conceptual Criterion. International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Reviews, 7(2), 54–62. https://doi.org/10.18510/ijthr.2020.726
Kline, P. (2015). A handbook of test construction (psychology revivals): introduction to psychometric design. Routledge.
Li, J., Nguyen, T. H. H., & Coca-Stefaniak, J. A. (2020). Coronavirus impacts on post-pandemic planned travel behaviours. Annals of Tourism Research, March, 102964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102964
Liu, Y., Shi, H., Li, Y., & Amin, A. (2021). Factors influencing Chinese residents’ post-pandemic outbound travel intentions: an extended theory of planned behaviour model based on the perception of COVID-19. Tourism Review, 76(4), 871–891. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-09-2020-0458
Maulana, N., Astuti, R. D., Sukamdani, H. B., & Tjiptoherijanto, P. (2022). Risk Perception in the Post COVID-19 Pandemic Era: An Analysis of Tourist Accommodation and Travel Behavior in the New Normal Era. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/su142214758
Mohamed M., N. M., Jahari, N. A., Abdul Rauf, R. K., & Daut, A. Z. (2023). To travel or not: Travel intention during post-pandemic times. Quantum Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 4(5), 153–163. https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v4i5.285
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Nie, Z., Xu, L., Zhang, H., Cao, Y., Zhang, C., Pan, J., & Zhang, J. (2022). Crowding and vaccination: Tourist’s two-sided perception on crowding and the moderating effect of vaccination status during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2022.100705
Qezelbash, A. H., Makian, S., & Shahabi Sorman Abadi, R. (2024). Effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccination on travel intentions: the case of Iran. Journal of Tourism Futures, 10(2), 237–254. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-05-2022-0147
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Published
2024-09-29
How to Cite
Shaari, R., Wan Ismail, W. R., Mazlan, N. H., Wan Mustaffa, W. I., & Hashim, N. (2024). The Perception of Health Belief and Vaccine Valence Towards Domestic Tourist Intention to Travel during COVID-19 Pandemic. Information Management and Business Review, 16(3(I)S), 94-110. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v16i3(I)S.3960
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Research Paper
Copyright (c) 2024 Rozilawati Shaari, Wan Rusni Wan Ismail, Nor Hafizah Mazlan, Wan Ilinajwa Wan Mustaffa, Norliana Hashim
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