Are Male Muslim Leaders More Effective Than Female Muslim Leaders in Maldives Regardless of Their Religiousness
Keywords:
Muslim Leader, religiosity, Effective Leadership, Maldives
Abstract
This study explores the moderating role of gender on the relationship between religiosity and effective leadership among leaders of both genders in Maldives. Maldives is a hundred percent Muslim nation, and Islamic Shariah is the law. While women reserve the privilege to hold public office and to practice public functions statistical data indicates a notable underrepresentation of females in leadership positions due to the rigid perception of gender roles embedded in society. Earlier studies conducted in the Maldivian setting suggested that the conservative interpretation of Islam disadvantaged women. Thus, the first objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between religiosity and effective leadership and secondly to identify the moderating role of gender on the relationship between religiosity and effective leadership. To achieve these objectives, a sample of 157 useful data was collected from 250 questionnaires distributed to leaders across various domains in the Maldives. The study employed a purposive sampling method from both genders, aged between 30 to 70 years. Out of the two hypotheses tested, results indicated the acceptance of the first hypothesis, establishing a significant relationship between religiosity and leadership. However, the second hypothesis was not supported where gender moderates the relationship between religiosity and effective leadership. This suggests the importance of religiosity in the effectiveness of leadership. Regardless of gender, adherence to a higher level of religiosity contributes positively to leadership effectiveness. Thus, for leaders in Maldives, if they want to be effective leaders, they must be religious regardless of their gender.
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References
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Klenke, K. (2011). Women in leadership: contextual dynamics and boundaries (1st ed.. ed.). Bingley, United Kingdom: Emerald.
Khan, M. M. (1986). Sahih Bukhari. Peace Vision.
Koenig, H. G., McCullough, M. E., & Larson, D. B. (2004). Handbook of Religion and Health, (12) 332-332).
Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Zhao, H., & Henderson, D. (2008). Servant leadership: Development of a multidimensional measure and multi-level assessment. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(2), 161-177. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.01.006
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Maudoodi, S. A. A. (1976). The Moral Foundations of the Islamic Movement: Islamic Publications.
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Muhibbu-Din, M. O. (2019). Feminism and modern Islamic politics: The fact and the fallacy. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 15, 44-59.
Northouse, P. G. (2007). Leadership: Theory and Practice: SAGE Publications.
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Oakley, J. (2000). Gender-based Barriers to Senior Management Positions: Understanding the Scarcity of Female CEOs. Journal of Business Ethics, 27(4), 321-334. doi:10.1023/A:1006226129868
Oshagbemi, T. (2004). Age influences the leadership styles and behavior of managers. Employee Relations, 26(1), 14-29.
O'Toole, J., & Mayer, D. (2010). Good Business: Exercising Effective and Ethical Leadership (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203850626
Pardey, D. (2007). Introducing leadership. London: Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Paustian-Underdahl, S. C., Walker, L. S., & Woehr, D. J. (2014). Gender and Perceptions of Leadership Effectiveness: A Meta-Analysis of Contextual Moderators. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(6), 1129-1145. doi:10.1037/a0036751
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Pendleton, D. (2012). Leadership: all you need to know. Basingstoke: Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Profeta, P., Aliberti, A. L., Casarico, A. D’Amico, M. & Puccio, A. (2014). The International Scenario on Gender Gaps. , 11-40.
Riggio, R. E. (2010). Why Women Make Better Leaders Than Men: The world would be better if most leaders were women.
Roccas, S. (2005). Religion and value systems. Journal of Social Issues, 61(4), 747-759.
Rohman, A. (2013). Women and Leadership in Islam: A Case Study in Indonesia. Int J Soc Sci, 16, 46-51. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2304613
Rost, J. C. (1991). Leadership for the Twenty-first Century: Praeger.
Rost, J. C. (1993). Leadership development in the new millennium. Journal of Leadership Studies, 1(1), 91-110. doi:10.1177/107179199300100109
Schueller-Weidekamm, C., & Kautzky-Willer, A. (2012). Challenges of Work-Life Balance for Women Physicians/Mothers Working in Leadership Positions. Gender Medicine, 9(4), 244-250. doi:10.1016/j.genm.2012.04.002
Schyns, B., & Schilling, J. (2013). How bad are the effects of bad leaders? A meta-analysis of destructive leadership and its outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(1), 138-158.
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Published
2024-04-27
How to Cite
Abdul Hakeem, W., Sahudin, Z., Hafit, N. I. A., Aluwi, A. H., & Kamaruddin, B. H. (2024). Are Male Muslim Leaders More Effective Than Female Muslim Leaders in Maldives Regardless of Their Religiousness. Information Management and Business Review, 16(1(I)S), 283-298. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v16i1(I)S.3751
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Copyright (c) 2024 Wasamath Abdul Hakeem, Zahariah Sahudin, Nor Intan Adha Hafit, Ainie Hairianie Aluwi, Badrul Hisham Kamaruddin
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