Vaccination Acceptance among Indigenous Community: The Moderating Role of Tribal Leader Endorsement
Keywords:
COVID-19, Indigenous, Vaccination Acceptance, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Enjoyment
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 cases are showing a downward trend in Malaysia but with active cases still present, the virus remains a persistent public health threat. Amid vaccination at no cost, some of the populace is refusing to get vaccinated. As getting indigenous communities vaccinated are much more difficult due to contextual and cultural difference, this study investigated whether tribal leader endorsement moderates the relationship between attitude and intention towards vaccination. Drawing from a survey of 312 indigenous from various generations of Millennials, Generation X and Generation Z, this study found that endorsement of tribal leaders does not act as a moderating factor in the association between attitude and intention to accept vaccination across generations. This study contributes to understanding whether indigenous communities require cultural-based approaches to support vaccination uptake. This study would be beneficial in supporting initiatives to curb COVID-19 disease and the right to good health among indigenous communities.
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References
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Jafar, A., Mapa, M. T., Sakke, N., Dollah, R., Joko, E. P., Atang, C., Ahmad, S. A., Hung, C. V. & Geogre, F. (2022). Vaccine hesitancy in East Malaysia (Sabah): A survey of the national COVID-19 immunization program. Geospatial Health, 17(s1).
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Mohd Azizi, F. S., Kew, Y. & Moy, F. M. (2017). Vaccine hesitancy among parents in a multi-ethnic country, Malaysia. Vaccine, 35(22), 2955–2961. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.010
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Ringle, C. M., Wende, S. & Will, A. (2005). SmartPLS 2.0 (M3). Hamburg. Recuperado de Http://Www. Smartpls. De.
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Wong, M. C. S., Wong, E. L. Y., Huang, J., Cheung, A. W. L., Law, K., Chong, M. K. C., Ng, R. W. Y., Lai, C. K. C., Boon, S. S. & Lau, J. T. F. (2021). Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine based on the health belief model: A population-based survey in Hong Kong. Vaccine, 39(7), 1148–1156.
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Yusof, A. (2021). PM Muhyiddin and frontliners to be the first to receive COVID-19 vaccine in Malaysia; national roll-out begins on Feb 26. Chanel News Asia. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/malaysia-covid-19-vaccine-muhyiddin-frontliners-feb-26-roll- out-354971
Alimohamadi, Y., Sepandi, M., Taghdir, M. & Hosamirudsari, H. (2020). Determine the most common clinical symptoms in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, 61(3), E304.
Amyx, D., Castleberry, S. & Cochran, J. J. (2011). A cross-generational comparison of motivational factors in a sales career among gen-x and gen-y college students. Article in Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management. https://doi.org/10.2307/25765020
Arthur, J. L. & Nsiah, M. K. (2011). Contemporary approaches to sustainable development: Exploring critical innovations in traditional leadership in Ghana. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 5(5), 245.
Bardosh, K., De Figueiredo, A., Gur-Arie, R., Jamrozik, E., Doidge, J., Lemmens, T., Keshavjee, S., Graham, J. E., & Baral, S. (2022). The unintended consequences of COVID-19 vaccine policy: why mandates, passports and restrictions may cause more harm than good. In BMJ Global Health, 7(5). BMJ Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008684
Chan, F., Lee, G. K., Lee, E. J., Kubota, C. & Allen, C. A. (2007). Structural equation modeling in rehabilitation counseling research. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 51(1), 44–57.
Chan, N. N., Ong, K. W., Siau, C. S., Lee, K. W., Peh, S. C., Yacob, S., Chia, Y. C., Seow, V. K. & Ooi, P. B. (2022). The lived experiences of a COVID-19 immunization program: vaccine hesitancy and vaccine refusal. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 296.
Dayan, N. (2005). Motivating Your Work Forces Across Generations. Rura Telecom, 24(5), 14-17.
Dewan Negeri Selangor. (2021). Mesyuarat Pertama Penggal Keempat Dewan Negeri Selangor Tahun 2021. Dewan Negeri Selangor. https://dewan.selangor.gov.my/question/kes-covid-dan-vaksinasi-orang-asli/
Diamantopoulos, A., Sarstedt, M., Fuchs, C., Wilczynski, P. & Kaiser, S. (2012). Guidelines for choosing between multi-item and single-item scales for construct measurement: a predictive validity perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40, 434–449.
Donald, R. (2021). For Malaysia’s Indigenous Penan, vaccine doubt is part of historic Govt distrust. Mongabay. https://news.mongabay.com/2021/07/for-malaysias-indigenous-penan-vaccine-doubt-is- part-of-historic-govt-distrust/
Eisner, S. P. (2005). Managing Generation Y. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 70(4), 4.
Feiertag, J. & Berge, Z. L. (2008). Training Generation N: how educators should approach the Net Generation. Education+ Training, 50(6), 457–464.
Fine, P., Eames, K. & Heymann, D. L. (2011). Herd immunity: a rough guide. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 52(7), 911–916.
Fleischhacker, S., Vu, M., Ries, A. & McPhail, A. (2011). Engaging tribal leaders in an American Indian healthy eating project through modified talking circles. Family and Community Health, 202–210.
Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Sage Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA.
Geisser, S. (1974). A predictive approach to the random effect model. Biometrika, 61(1), 101–107.
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M. & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed, a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139–152.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M. & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24.
Hair, J., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L. & Kuppelwieser, V. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106–121.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M. & Sarstedt, M. (2015a). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115–135.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M. & Sarstedt, M. (2015b). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115–135.
Hisamudin, H. A. (2021). Young Orang Asli women drive vaccination efforts in villages. FMT Media Sdn Bhd. https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2021/09/23/young-orang-asli-women- drive-vaccination-efforts-in-villages/
Idrus, R., Man, Z., Williams-Hunt, A. & Chopil, T. Y. (2021). Indigenous resilience and the COVID-19 response: a situation report on the Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia. AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples, 17(3), 439–443.
Jafar, A., Dambul, R., Dollah, R., Sakke, N., Mapa, M. T. & Joko, E. P. (2022). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia: Exploring factors and identifying highly vulnerable groups. PLOS ONE, 17(7), e0270868-. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270868
Jafar, A., Mapa, M. T., Sakke, N., Dollah, R., Joko, E. P., Atang, C., Ahmad, S. A., Hung, C. V. & Geogre, F. (2022). Vaccine hesitancy in East Malaysia (Sabah): A survey of the national COVID-19 immunization program. Geospatial Health, 17(s1).
JAKOA. (2023). Taburan Etnik Orang Asli Mengikut Etnik/Sub Etnik Mengikut Negeri. Jabatan Kemajuan Orang Asli. https://www.jakoa.gov.my/orang-asli/taburan-etnik-orang-asli-mengikut-etnik-sub-etnik-mengikut- negeri/
Jawatankuasa Khas Jaminan Akses Bekalan Vaksin COVID-19 (JKJAV). (2021). [The Special Committee for Ensuring Access to COVID-19 Vaccine Supply (JKJAV)].
JHUCCP. (2014). A Report on Engagement of Traditional Leaders in Community Health: A Synthesis of Orientation Meetings. Zambia Integrated Systems Strengthening Program.
Khalid, H. (2021). Trends in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy amongst indigenous peoples in Peninsular Malaysia. https://www.undp.org/malaysia/publications/trends-covid-19-vaccine-hesitancy-amongst-indigenous- peoples-peninsular-Malaysia
KKMNOW. (2023). How vaccinated against COVID-19 are we? Ministry of Health Malaysia Department of Statistics Malaysia. https://data.moh.gov.my/covid-vaccination
Merriman, M. (2015). What if the next big disruptor isn’t a but a who? Ernst & Young.
Mohd Azizi, F. S., Kew, Y. & Moy, F. M. (2017). Vaccine hesitancy among parents in a multi-ethnic country, Malaysia. Vaccine, 35(22), 2955–2961. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.010
Moorthy, R., Gill, S. S., Selvadurai, S. & Gurunathan, A. (2022). Vaccine justice and bioethical reflections of COVID-19 immunization in Malaysia. Sustainability, 14(19), 12710.
Nordin, R. (2021). COVID-19: Almost 45% of eligible Orang Asli fully vaccinated, says Jakoa DG. The Star. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2021/09/25/covid-19-almost-45-of-eligible-orang-asli- fully-vaccinated-says-jakoa-dg
Nwaze, E. & Mohammed, A. (2013). An impact evaluation of the engagement of traditional and religious leaders in the Nigerian polio eradication initiative. Sch J Med, 3(5), 53–63.
Reiter, P. L., Pennell, M. L. & Katz, M. L. (2020). Acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine among adults in the United States: How many people would get vaccinated? Vaccine, 38(42), 6500–6507.
Ringle, C. M., Wende, S. & Will, A. (2005). SmartPLS 2.0 (M3). Hamburg. Recuperado de Http://Www. Smartpls. De.
Shmueli, G., Ray, S., Estrada, J. M. V. & Chatla, S. B. (2016). The elephant in the room: Predictive performance of PLS models. Journal of Business Research, 69(10), 4552–4564.
Suah, J. L., Tok, P. S. K., Ong, S. M., Husin, M., Tng, B. H., Sivasampu, S., Thevananthan, T., Appannan, M. R., Muhamad Zin, F. & Mohd Zin, S. (2021). PICK-ing Malaysia’s epidemic apart: effectiveness of a diverse COVID-19 vaccine portfolio. Vaccines, 9(12), 1381.
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S. & Ullman, J. B. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 6). Pearson Boston, MA.
The Straits Times. (2020). Malaysia’s indigenous people flee into forests to escape coronavirus. The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysias-indigenous-people-flee-into-forests-to- escape-coronavirus
United Nations. (2020). COVID-19 and Indigenous peoples. Departments of Economic and Social Affairs Indigenous People.
Voorhees, C. M., Brady, M. K., Calantone, R. & Ramirez, E. (2016). Discriminant validity testing in marketing: an analysis, causes for concern, and proposed remedies. Jour of the Academy of Marketing Science, 44, 119–134.
Webb-Myllynen, A., Eghtessadi, B. & Chingand, T. (2011). Traditional Leaders Taking the Lead. SAfAIDS. WHO. (2023). Coronavirus diseases (COVID-19). https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1
Wong, M. C. S., Wong, E. L. Y., Huang, J., Cheung, A. W. L., Law, K., Chong, M. K. C., Ng, R. W. Y., Lai, C. K. C., Boon, S. S. & Lau, J. T. F. (2021). Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine based on the health belief model: A population-based survey in Hong Kong. Vaccine, 39(7), 1148–1156.
Worldometers. (2023). Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic.
Yusof, A. (2021). PM Muhyiddin and frontliners to be the first to receive COVID-19 vaccine in Malaysia; national roll-out begins on Feb 26. Chanel News Asia. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/malaysia-covid-19-vaccine-muhyiddin-frontliners-feb-26-roll- out-354971
Published
2023-11-12
How to Cite
Denan, Z., Othman, N. A. F., Abdul Munir, Z., Ab Latiff, D. S., & Zamzuri, N. H. (2023). Vaccination Acceptance among Indigenous Community: The Moderating Role of Tribal Leader Endorsement. Information Management and Business Review, 15(4(SI)I), 352-361. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v15i4(SI)I.3609
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Research Paper
Copyright (c) 2023 Zarina Denan, Nor Azairiah Fatimah Othman, Zarina Abdul Munir, Dilla Syadia Ab Latiff, Norol Hamiza Zamzuri
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