A Conceptual Review of the Determinants of Employee Innovative Work Behavior

  • Zarina Begum Ebrahim Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Melaka Kampus Bandaraya Melaka
  • Irzan Ismail Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Melaka Kampus Bandaraya Melaka
  • Erne Suzila Kassim Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam
Keywords: Innovative Work Behaviour, Innovative Work Behavior, IWB, HRM Practices, Leadership Style

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of digitalization, competitive markets, quick environmental changes, and the imperative of organizational sustainability have necessitated business organizations to adopt innovative practices. Hence, all organizations must foster a culture of innovative work behavior among their employees to ensure the organization's ongoing survival and advancement. Nonetheless, comprehensive studies that methodically scrutinize the different factors affecting IWB within a unified theoretical model are insufficient. This research is a literature review to find and analyze factors that influence innovative work behavior. The findings of the literature review or existing research indicate that psychological empowerment, employee engagement, self-efficacy, knowledge sharing, perceived organizational support, climate for innovation, HRM practices, and transformational leadership have consistently demonstrated strong associations with employee IWB in various studies. This study additionally proposes a novel conceptual framework that examines the interplay between psychological empowerment, employee engagement, self-efficacy, knowledge sharing, perceived organizational support, climate for innovation, HRM practices and transformational leadership, with a specific focus on their impact on IWB. This framework holds potential for future investigations conducted by other scholars.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ab Rahman, Z. N. & Ismail, N. (2018). Determinant Factors for Managing Innovation in the Malaysian Public Sector. MATEC Web of Conferences, 150, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815005042
Abdullatif, T. N. (2016). The Impact of Psychological Empowerment on Innovative Work Behavior Moderating by Quality Culture, 8(17), 2002–2007.
Aboramadan, M., Dahleez, K. A. & Farao, C. (2022). Inclusive leadership and extra-role behaviors in higher education: does organizational learning mediate the relationship? International Journal of Educational Management, 36(4), 397–418. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-06-2020-0290
Afsar, B., Al-Ghazali, B. M., Cheema, S. & Javed, F. (2020). Cultural intelligence and innovative work behavior: the role of work engagement and interpersonal trust. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(4), 1082–1109. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-01-2020-0008
Afsar, B., Badir, Y. & Saeed, B. (2014). Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 114(8), 1270–1300. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-05-2014-0152
Afsar, B. & Masood, M. (2018). Transformational Leadership, Creative Self-Efficacy, Trust in Supervisor, Uncertainty Avoidance, and Innovative Work Behavior of Nurses. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 54(1), 36–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886317711891
Afsar, B. & Umrani, W. A. (2020). Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior: The role of motivation to learn, task complexity and innovation climate. European Journal of Innovation Management, 23(3), 402–428. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-12-2018-0257
Aishah Hashim, N., Haron, H. & Mohd Nasir bin Ibrahim, D. (2019). Leadership and Innovation on Performance of Private Higher Education Institutions in Malaysia. KnE Social Sciences, 2019, 511–526. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i22.5070
Akhtar, M. W., Syed, F., Husnain, M. & Naseer, S. (2019). Person-organization fit and innovative work behavior: The mediating role of perceived organizational support, affective commitment and trust. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 13(22), 311–333.
Akram, T., Lei, S., Haider, M. J. & Hussain, S. T. (2020). The impact of organizational justice on employee innovative work behavior: Mediating role of knowledge sharing. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2019.10.001
Al-Omari, M. A., Choo, L. S. & Ali, M. A. M. (2019). Innovative work behavior: A review of the literature. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 23(2), 39–47. https://doi.org/10.37200/IJPR/V23I2/PR190268
Aldabbas, H., Pinnington, A. & Lahrech, A. (2021). The mediating role of psychological empowerment in the relationship between knowledge sharing and innovative work behavior. International Journal of Innovation Management, 25(2), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919621500146
AlEssa, H. S. & Durugbo, C. M. (2021). A systematic review of innovative work behavior concepts and contributions. In Management Review Quarterly (Issue 0123456789). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-021-00224-x
Alheet, A. F., Adwan, A. Al, Areiqat, A. Y., Zamil, A. M. A. & Saleh, M. A. (2021). The effect of leadership styles on employees’ innovative work behavior. Management Science Letters, January, 239–246. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.8.010
Ali, A., Farooq, W. & Khalid, M. A. (2020). The Relationship Between Organisational Climate For Innovation and Innovative Work Behaviour: Mediating Role of Employee Engagement in Pakistan. Malaysian Management Journal, 24(July), 195–218. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32890/mmj.24.2020.8776
Ali, H., Li, M. & Qiu, X. (2022). Employee Engagement and Innovative Work Behavior Among Chinese Millennials: Mediating and Moderating Role of Work-Life Balance and Psychological Empowerment. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(July), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.942580
Almulhim, A. F. (2020). Linking knowledge sharing to innovative work behavior: The role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(9), 549–560. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2020.VOL7.NO9.549
Alnajjar, M. & Hashim, J. (2020). Innovative work behavior induced by transformational leadership through altruism. International Journal of Work Innovation, 2(4), 284–307. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWI.2020.111758
Alshahrani, I., Al-Jayyousi, O., Aldhmour, F. & Alderaan, T. (2023). Towards understanding the influence of innovative work behavior on healthcare organizations’ performance: the mediating role of transformational leaders. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/AGJSR-09-2022-0167
Alshoukri, K. O., Karim, A. M. & Farhana, N. (2020). The Impact of Leadership on Employee Innovative Work Behaviour in Facilities Management Service Providers in Oman. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 10(1), 71–84. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarafms/v10-i1/6993
Andrabi, N. F. & Rainayee, R. A. (2020). Emotional Intelligence and Innovative Work Behaviour: A Review. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, 10(4), 185–192. https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.10.4.26
Arsawan, I. W. E., Kariati, N. M., Shchokina, Y., Prayustika, P. A., Rustiarini, N. W. & Koval, V. (2022). Invigorating Employee’s Innovative Work Behavior: Exploring the Sequential Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment and Knowledge Sharing. Business: Theory and Practice, 23(1), 117–130. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2022.15684
ASLAN, H. (2019). Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support in Inclusive Leadership’s Effect on Innovative Work Behavior. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 7(5), 2945–2963. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v7i5.1299
Asurakkody, T. A. & Kim, S. H. (2020). Effects of knowledge sharing behavior on innovative work behavior among nursing Students: Mediating role of Self-leadership. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 12(January), 100190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2020.100190
Attiq, S., Wahid, S., Javaid, N., Kanwal, M. & Shah, H. J. (2017). The impact of employees’ core self-evaluation personality trait, management support, co-worker support on job satisfaction, and innovative work behavior. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 32(1), 247–271.
Bannay, D. F., Hadi, M. J. & Amanah, A. A. (2020). The impact of inclusive leadership behaviors on innovative workplace behavior with an emphasis on the mediating role of work engagement. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 18(3), 479–491. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(3).2020.39
Bawuro, F. A., Danjuma, I. & Wajiga, H. (2018). Factors Influencing Innovative Behaviour of Teachers in Secondary Schools in the North East of Nigeria. Path of Science, 4(3), 1007–1017. https://doi.org/10.22178/pos.32-9
Bednall, T. C., E. Rafferty, A., Shipton, H., Sanders, K. & J. Jackson, C. (2018). Innovative Behaviour: How Much Transformational Leadership Do You Need? British Journal of Management, 29(4), 796–816. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12275
Bin Saeed, B., Afsar, B., Shahjehan, A. & Imad Shah, S. (2019). Does transformational leadership foster innovative work behavior? The roles of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja, 32(1), 254–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2018.1556108
Bin Saripin, M. S. & Kassim, E. S. (2019). Factors of innovative behavior in Malaysia. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 18(6), 1–5.
Binnewies, C., Ohly, S. & Sonnentag, S. (2007). Taking personal initiative and communicating about ideas: What is important for the creative process and for idea creativity? European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16(4), 432–455. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320701514728
Bogilovi?, S., Bortoluzzi, G., ?erne, M., Ghasemzadeh, K. & Žnidarši?, J. (2021). Diversity, climate and innovative work behavior. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(5), 1502–1524. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-03-2020-0100
Bos-Nehles, A. C. & Veenendaal, A. A. R. (2019). Perceptions of HR practices and innovative work behavior: the moderating effect of an innovative climate. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(18), 2661–2683. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1380680
Bos-Nehles, A., Renkema, M. & Janssen, M. (2017). HRM and innovative work behavior: a systematic literature review. Personnel Review, 46(7), 1228–1253. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-09-2016-0257
Caniëls, M. C. J. & Veld, M. (2019). Employee ambidexterity, high-performance work systems and innovative work behavior: How much balance do we need? International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(4), 565–585. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1216881
Carlucci, D., Mura, M. & Schiuma, G. (2020). Fostering Employees’ Innovative Work Behaviour in Healthcare Organisations. International Journal of Innovation Management, 24(2). https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919620500140
Carvalho, L. P. de, Poleto, T., Ramos, C. C., Rodrigues, F. de A., de Carvalho, V. D. H. & Nepomuceno, T. C. C. (2023). Predictors of Digital Competence of Public University Employees and the Impact on Innovative Work Behavior. Administrative Sciences, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13050131
Chatchawan, R., Trichandhara, K. & Rinthaisong, I. (2017). Factors Affecting Innovative Work Behavior of Employees in Local Administrative Organizations in the South of Thailand. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management, 4(3), 154–157. https://doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v4i3.17755
Choi, W. S., Kang, S. W. & Choi, S. B. (2021). Innovative behavior in the workplace: an empirical study of a moderated mediation model of self-efficacy, perceived organizational support, and leader–member exchange. Behavioral Sciences, 11(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs11120182
Cliffton, J., Awang, M. & Mansor, M. (2020). The Influence of Learning Organization on Malaysian TVET Teachers’ Innovative Work Behaviour. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 9(2), 318–323. http://ijeisr.net/Journal/Vol-5-No-1-Isu-01.pdf
Contreras, F., Juarez, F., Cuero Acosta, Y. A., Dornberger, U., Soria-Barreto, K., Corrales-Estrada, M., Ramos-Garza, C., Steizel, S., Portalanza, A., Jauregui, K., Iwashita da Silva, L. & Yshikawa Salusse, M. A. (2020). Critical factors for innovative work behavior in Latin American firms: Test of an exploratory model. Cogent Business and Management, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1812926
Davidescu, A. A. M., Apostu, S. A., Paul, A. & Casuneanu, I. (2020). Work flexibility, job satisfaction, and job performance among Romanian employees- Implications for sustainable human resource management. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156086
De Jong, J. & Den Hartog, D. (2010). Measuring innovative work behavior. Creativity and Innovation Management, 19(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2010.00547.x
DO?RU, Ç. (2018). The Relationship between Perceived Support and Innovative Behavior: Analyzing the Mediating Role of Work Engagement. Journal of Business Research - Turk, 10(2), 384–402. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2018.435
Dorenbosch, L., Engen, M. L. va. & Verhagen, M. (2005). On-the-job innovation: The impact of job design and human resource management through production ownership. Creativity and Innovation Management, 14(2), 129–141. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-8691.2005.00333.x
Dzimbiri, G. L. & Molefi, M. A. (2021). Talent management and its impact on innovative work behavior among registered nurses in public hospitals of Malawi. Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.25159/2520-5293/8647
Ekmekcioglu, E. B. & Öner, K. (2023). Servant leadership, innovative work behavior and innovative organizational culture: the mediating role of perceived organizational support. European Journal of Management and Business Economics. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-08-2022-0251
El Alfy, S. & Naithani, P. (2021). Antecedents of innovative work behavior: A systematic review of the literature and future research agenda. World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 17(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1504/WREMSD.2021.112082
Elidemir, S. N., Ozturen, A. & Bayighomog, S. W. (2020). Innovative behaviors, employee creativity, and sustainable competitive advantage: A moderated mediation. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12083295
Fadul, A. (2021). Does Organizational Justice Influence Employee Innovative Behavior in an Arabic Context? Evidence From the Libyan Oil Industry. SAGE Open, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211043931
Faraz, N. A., Yanxia, C., Ahmed, F., Estifo, Z. G. & Raza, A. (2018). The Influence of Transactional Leadership on Innovation Work Behaviour: A Mediation Model. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 7(1), 5162.
Farr, J. L. & Ford, C. M. (1990). Individual innovation. In: West, M.A. and Farr, J.L., Eds. In Innovation and Creativity at Work: Psychological and Organisational Strategies. Wiley, Chichester.
Farrukh, M., Meng, F., Raza, A. & Wu, Y. (2022). Innovative work behavior: the what, where, who, how and when. Personnel Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-11-2020-0854
Ferdinan, B. A. & Lindawati, T. (2021). The Effect of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture on Lecturer Performance Through Innovative Work Behavior at Catholic Universities in Surabaya. International Journal of Applied Business and International Management, 6(2), 113–123. https://doi.org/10.32535/ijabim.v6i2.1106
Gashema, B. (2020). Advancing employee’s innovative work behaviors in the workplace?: The role of transformational leadership , positive psychological capital and effort-reward fairness, 2(1), 13–26.
Gashema, B. (2021). Predicting innovative work behaviors through transformational leadership. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 10(1), 69–84. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i1.999
Grošelj, M., ?erne, M., Penger, S. & Grah, B. (2021). Authentic and transformational leadership and innovative work behavior: the moderating role of psychological empowerment. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(3), 677–706. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-10-2019-0294
Gultom, L., Suroso, G., Gasjirin, J., I, U. P. I. Y. A. & Psychology, F. (2022). THE INFLUENCE OF PROACTIVE BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT ON INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOR?: MODERATING ROLE OF JOB CHARACTERISTIC, 1(9), 674–682. https://doi.org/10.36418/jws.v1i9.92
Hansen, J. A. & Pihl-Thingvad, S. (2019). Managing employee innovative behavior through transformational and transactional leadership styles. Public Management Review, 21(6), 918–944. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2018.1544272
Hashim, K. L. (2021). Enhancing Innovative Work Behaviour of Malaysian Public Sector Employees. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 6(2), 253–265. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i2.665
Hassan, H. A., Asif, J., Waqar, N., Khalid, S. & Abbas, S. K. (2018). The Impact of Knowledge Sharing On Innovative Work Behavior. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 6(5), 2348–7186. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3509708
Hassan, S. & Ghias, W. (2021). Research Domain Of Innovative Work Behaviour?: A Bibliometric Analysis Of Fifteen Years Research (2005-2020). February. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2021.01.431
Hebbaz, A., Othman, S. Z. & Saoula, O. (2023). Factors Affecting Innovative Work Behavior among Employees in Algeria Petroleum Sector. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 18(3), 827–833.
Heliawaty, Ali, M. S. S., Salman, D., Jamil, M. H., Fudjaja, L., Busthanul, N. & Darwis. (2020). The social capital and innovative behaviors of the farmers in Bantaeng Regency. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 486(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/486/1/012043
Helmy, I., Adawiyah, W. R. & Banani, A. (2019). Linking psychological empowerment, knowledge sharing, and employees’ innovative behavior in Indonesian SMEs. Journal of Behavioral Science, 14(2), 66–79.
Helmy, I., Azizah, S. N., Shalma, U. N. & Purnomo, J. (2023). The Effect of Transformational Leadership on Innovative Work Behavior in SMEs?: Test of a Mediating Model. Journal of International Conference Proceedings, 6(1), 153–164.
Hitt, M. A. & Morgan, C. P. (1977). Organizational Climate as a Predictor of Organizational Practices. Psychological Reports, 40(3_suppl), 1191–1199. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1977.40.3c.1191
Hosseini, S. & Haghighi Shirazi, Z. R. (2021). Towards teacher innovative work behavior: A conceptual model. Cogent Education, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2020.1869364
Ibus, S., Wahab, E. & Ismail, F. (2020). How to Promote Innovative Work Behavior among Academics. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(03), 103–117. https://doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i3/pr200761
Ibus, S., Wahab, E., Ismail, F. & Omar, R. (2020). Stimulating innovative work behavior among academics in private higher educational institutions. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 11(4), 245–261.
Imran, R., Saeed, T., Anis-ul-Haq, M. & Fatima, A. (2019). Organizational climate as a predictor of innovative work behavior. Intech, tourism, 13. https://www.intechopen.com/books/advanced-biometric-technologies/liveness-detection-in-biometrics
Iqbal, A., Nazir, T. & Ahmad, M. S. (2022). Entrepreneurial leadership and employee innovative behavior: an examination through multiple theoretical lenses. European Journal of Innovation Management, 25(1), 173–190. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-06-2020-0212
I??k, C., Ayd?n, E., Dogru, T., Rehman, A., Alvarado, R., Ahmad, M. & Irfan, M. (2021). The nexus between team culture, innovative work behavior and tacit knowledge sharing: Theory and evidence. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084333
Islam, T., Zahra, I., Rehman, S. U. & Jamil, S. (2022). How knowledge sharing encourage innovative work behavior through occupational self-efficacy? The moderating role of entrepreneurial leadership. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-02-2022-0041
Izzati, U. (2018). The Relationships between Vocational High School Teachers’ Organizational Climate and Innovative Behavior. 173(Icei 2017), 343–345. https://doi.org/10.2991/icei-17.2018.91
Jankelová, N., Joniaková, Z. & Mišún, J. (2021). Innovative Work Behavior—A Key Factor in Business Performance? The Role of Team Cognitive Diversity and Teamwork Climate in This Relationship. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(4), 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14040185
Jankelová, N., Skorková, Z., Joniaková, Z. & Némethová, I. (2021). A diverse organizational culture and its impact on innovative work behavior of municipal employees. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(6), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063419
Janssen, O. (2000). Job demands, perceptions of effort-reward fairness and innovative work behavior. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 287–302.
Javed, B., Abdullah, I., Zaffar, M. A., Haque, A. U. & Rubab, U. (2019). Inclusive leadership and innovative work behavior: The role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Management and Organization, 25(4), 554–571. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2018.50
Javed, B., Fatima, T., Khan, A. K. & Bashir, S. (2020). Impact of Inclusive Leadership on Innovative Work Behavior: The Role of Creative Self-Efficacy. Journal of Creative Behavior, December. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.487
Jena, L. K. & Memon, N. Z. (2018). Does Workplace Flexibility Usher Innovation? A Moderated Mediation Model on the Enablers of Innovative Workplace Behavior. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 19(1), 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40171-017-0170-8
Jiang, L., Pan, Z., Luo, Y., Guo, Z. & Kou, D. (2023). More flexible and more innovative: the impact of flexible work arrangements on the innovation behavior of knowledge employees. Frontiers in Psychology, 14(April), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1053242
Jo, Y. & Hong, A. J. (2022). Impact of Agile Learning on Innovative Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Model of Employee Engagement and Perceived Organizational Support. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(June), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.900830
Johari, A. B., Wahat, N. W. A. & Zaremohzzabieh, Z. (2021). Innovative Work Behavior among Teachers in Malaysia: The Effects of Teamwork, Principal Support, and Humor. Asian Journal of University Education, 17(2), 72–84. https://doi.org/10.24191/AJUE.V17I2.13387
Jong, J. P. J. & Hartog, D. N. Den. (2007). How leaders influence employees’ innovative behavior. European Journal of Innovation Management, 10(1), 41–64. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601060710720546
Joo, B. K. (Brian), Yoon, S. K. & Galbraith, D. (2023). The effects of organizational trust and empowering leadership on group conflict: psychological safety as a mediator. Organization Management Journal, 20(1), 4–16. https://doi.org/10.1108/OMJ-07-2021-1308
Jun, K. & Lee, J. (2023). Transformational Leadership and Followers’ Innovative Behavior: Roles of Commitment to Change and Organizational Support for Creativity. Behavioral Sciences, 13(4), https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13040320
Kang, M. & Lee, M. J. (2017). Absorptive capacity, knowledge sharing, and innovative behavior of R&D employees. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 29(2), 219–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2016.1211265
Kanter, R. M. (1988). Structural, Collective, and Social Conditions for Innovation in Organizations. In Knowledge Management and Organisational Design (Vol. 10). Butterworth-Heinemann. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-9749-1.50010-7
Kessel, M., Hannemann-Weber, H. & Kratzer, J. (2012). Innovative work behavior in healthcare: The benefit of operational guidelines in the treatment of rare diseases. Health Policy, 105(2–3), 146–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2012.02.010
Khan, A. M., Jantan, A. H. Bin, Salleh, L. B. M., Dato’Mansor, Z., Islam, M. A. & Hosen, S. (2019). The impact of transformational leadership effects on innovative work behavior by the moderating role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Reviews on Global Economics, 8, 925–938. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-7092.2019.08.79
Khan, E., Khan, M. M. & Ahmed, S. S. (2021). Transformational Leadership, Emotional Intelligence, and Innovative work behavior?: The role of psychological empowerment. Global Management Journal for Academic & Corporate Studies, 11(2), 62–75.
Khan, M. A., Ismail, F. B., Hussain, A. & Alghazali, B. (2020). The Interplay of Leadership Styles, Innovative Work Behavior, Organizational Culture, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. SAGE Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019898264
Khan, M. & Dukhaykh, S. (2022). An Empirical Study of the Influence of Perceived Organizational Support, Leader-Member Exchange and Proactive Personality on Turnover Intention and Innovative Work Behavior: The Mediating Role of Employee Engagement. Global Journal of Human Resource Management, 10(4), 32–59. https://doi.org/10.37745/gjhrm.2013/vo8.n4pp3259
Khan, M. M., Mubarik, M. S., Islam, T., Rehman, A., Ahmed, S. S., Khan, E. & Sohail, F. (2021). How servant leadership triggers innovative work behavior: exploring the sequential mediating role of psychological empowerment and job crafting. European Journal of Innovation Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-09-2020-0367
Kmieciak, R. (2020). Trust, knowledge sharing, and innovative work behavior: empirical evidence from Poland. European Journal of Innovation Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-04-2020-0134
Koednok, Sukumarkl. & Sungsanit, M. (2018). The influence of multilevel factors of human resource practices on innovative work behavior. Journal of Behavioral Science, 13(1), 37–55. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31220.45441
Koednok, Sukumarl. (2023). Transformational Leadership Enhances Innovative Capability?: The Mediating Transformational Leadership Enhances Innovative Capability?: The Mediating Role of Learning Orientation and Innovative Work Behaviour. June.
Kundu, S. C., Kumar, S. & Lata, K. (2020). Effects of perceived role clarity on innovative work behavior: a multiple mediation model. RAUSP Management Journal, 55(4), 457–472. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAUSP-04-2019-0056
Kustanto, H., Hamidah, Eliyana, A., Mumpuni, J. H. S. & Gunawan, D. R. (2020). The moderation role of psychological empowerment on innovative work behavior. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(8), 254–264. https://doi.org/10.31838/srp.2020.8.38
Lambriex-Schmitz, P., Van der Klink, M. R., Beausaert, S., Bijker, M. & Segers, M. (2020). When innovation in education works: stimulating teachers’ innovative work behavior. International Journal of Training and Development, 24(2), 118–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijtd.12175
Lekhawichit, N., Chavaha, C., Chienwattanasook, K. & Jermsittiparsert, K. (2020). Impact of Individual Absorptive Capacity on the Innovative Work Behavior?: Mediating Role of Individual. PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021), 43, 2117–2131. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.2555
Li, C., Makhdoom, H. U. R. & Asim, S. (2020). Impact of entrepreneurial leadership on innovative work behavior: Examining mediation and moderation mechanisms. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 13, 105–118. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S236876
Lukes, M. & Stephan, U. (2017). Measuring employee innovation: A review of existing scales and the development of the innovative behavior and innovation support inventories across cultures. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 23(1), 136–158. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-11-2015-0262
Mahendri, M. R., Susita, D. & Yohana, C. (2022). The Effect of Servant Leadership on Innovative Work Behavior with Psychological Empowerment and Job Crafting as Intervening Variables. The International Journal of Social Sciences World, 4(2), 197–214. https://www.growingscholar.org/journal/index.php/
Malik, S. (2021). Emotional intelligence and innovative work behavior in knowledge-intensive organizations: how tacit knowledge sharing acts as a mediator? VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems. https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-09-2020-0158
Mansoor, A., Farrukh, M., Wu, Y. & Abdul Wahab, S. (2021). Does inclusive leadership incite innovative work behavior? Human Systems Management, 40(1), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.3233/HSM-200972
Masyhuri, Pardiman. & Siswanto. (2021). The Effect of Workplace Spirituality, Perceived Organizational Support, and Innovative Work Behavior?: The Mediating Role of Psychological Well-Being, 24(1), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v24i1.2477.ABSTRAK
Melhem, S. B., Zeffane, R. & Albaity, M. (2018). Determinants of employees’ innovative behavior. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(3), 1601–1620. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-02-2017-0079
Messmann, G. & Mulder, R. H. (2012). Development of a measurement instrument for innovative work behavior as a dynamic and context-bound construct. International Journal of Manpower, 15(1), 43–59. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2011.646894
Mohammed Afandi, Z. & Mohd Effendi Ewan, M. M. (2020). How Teachers ’ Innovative Work Behaviour Can Affect Education Quality?? Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(17), 770–779.
Munir, R. & Beh, L. (2019). A Construct on Fostering Innovative Work Behavior through Organizational Creative Climate and Knowledge Sharing. Journal of International Business and Management, 2(1), 1–10.
Munir, R. & Beh, L. S. (2019). Measuring and enhancing organizational creative climate, knowledge sharing, and innovative work behavior in startup development. Bottom Line, 32(4), 269–289. https://doi.org/10.1108/BL-03-2019-0076
Musenze, I. A. & Mayende, T. S. (2022). Ethical leadership (EL) and innovative work behavior (IWB) in public universities: examining the moderating role of perceived organizational support (POS). Management Research Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-12-2021-0858
Mustika, S. I., Rahardjo, K. & Prasetya, A. (2020). The Effect of Perceived Organizational Support on Knowledge Sharing and Innovative Work Behavior, 154(AICoBPA 2019), 61–64. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201116.012
Mutonyi, B. R., Slåtten, T. & Lien, G. (2021). Fostering innovative behavior in health organizations: a PLS-SEM analysis of Norwegian hospital employees. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06505-1
Namono, R., Kemboi, A. & Chepkwony, J. (2021). Enhancing innovative work behavior in higher institutions of learning: the role of hope. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 17(4), 632–643. https://doi.org/10.1108/WJEMSD-07-2020-0073
Nasir, Halimatussakdiah. & Suryani, I. (2019). Psychological Empowerment, Innovative Work Behavior and Job Satisfaction. January 2019. https://doi.org/10.2991/icame-18.2019.68
Nazir, S., Qun, W., Hui, L. & Shafi, A. (2018). Influence of social exchange relationships on affective commitment and innovative behavior: Role of perceived organizational support. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124418
Nguyen, T. P. L., Nguyen, K. N., Do, T. D. & Nguyen, T. T. M. (2019). Knowledge sharing and innovative work behavior: The case of Vietnam. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2019.5.001
Nguyen, T. P. L., Tran, N. M., Doan, X. H. & Van Nguyen, H. (2020). The impact of knowledge sharing on innovative work behavior of Vietnam telecommunications enterprises employees. Management Science Letters, 10(1), 53–62. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.8.016
Nurjaman, K., Marta, M. S., Eliyana, A., Kurniasari, D. & Kurniasari, D. (2019). Proactive work behavior and innovative work behavior: The moderating effect of job characteristics. Humanities and Social Sciences Reviews, 7(6), 373–379. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7663
Odoardi, G. (2018). The relationship of perceived human resources management practices and innovative work behavior Gianluca Odoardi To cite this version?: HAL Id?: tel-01692186 L ’ UNIVERSITÉ DE BORDEAUX [Université de Bordeaux; Università degli Studi (Verone, Italie)]. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01692186
Oppi, C., Bagheri, A. & Vagnoni, E. (2020). Antecedents of Innovative Work Behavior in Healthcare: does efficacy play a role? International Journal of Public Sector Management, 33(1), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-12-2018-0267
Park, J. & Kim, W. (2022). The Impact of Perceived Organizational Support on Innovative Work Behaviour Through Psychological Empowerment?: Focusing on the Moderated Mediating Role of Organizational Procedural Justice, 1, 178–191.
Prabowo, R., Mustika, M. D. & Sjabadhyni, B. (2018). How a Leader Transforms Employees’ Psychological Empowerment Into Innovative Work Behavior. Psychological Research on Urban Society, 1(2), 90. https://doi.org/10.7454/proust.v1i2.32
Purc, E. & Lagun, M. (2019). Personal values and innovative behavior of employees. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(APR). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00865
Qi, L., Liu, B., Wei, X. & Hu, Y. (2019). Impact of inclusive leadership on employee innovative behavior: Perceived organizational support as a mediator. PLoS ONE, 14(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212091
Qi, X., Liu, H., Li, X. & Liu, H. (2021). The influence of flexible work arrangements on innovative employee behavior in China: a perspective of person-job fit. Asia Pacific Business Review, 00(00), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2021.2001181
Qureshi, F. A., Zaman, Q. & Butt, M. (2020). Mediating Effect of Perceived Organizational Support on the Relationship between Leader-Member Exchange and the Innovation Work Behavior of Nursing Employees: A Social Exchange Perspective. Business Innovation and Entrepreneurship Journal, 2(1), 67–76. https://doi.org/10.35899/biej.v2i1.63
Rafique, M. A., Hou, Y., Chudhery, M. A. Z., Waheed, M., Zia, T. & Chan, F. (2022). Investigating the impact of pandemic job stress and transformational leadership on innovative work behavior: The mediating and moderating role of knowledge sharing. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100214
Rafique, S., Khan, N. R., Soomro, S. A. & Masood, F. (2022). Linking LMX and schedule flexibility with employee innovative work behaviors: the mediating role of employee empowerment and response to change. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1108/jeas-11-2021-0238
Rahmah, Y. F., Marta, M. S., Athoillah, M. A. & Farid, D. (2020). The Approach of Managers Regarding Innovative Work Behaviour. SSRN Electronic Journal, 8(2), 765–772. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3603109
Rahman, A. A. A., Panatik, S. A. & Alias, R. A. (2014). Average concept of crossover operator in real coded genetic algorithm. International Proceedings of Economics Development and Research, 78(21), 108–112. https://doi.org/10.7763/IPEDR
Ranihusna, D., Nugroho, A. S., Ridloah, S., Putri, V. W. & Wulansari, N. A. (2021). A model for enhancing innovative work behavior. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 747(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/747/1/012039
Riaz, S., Xu, Y. & Hussain, S. (2018). Understanding Employee Innovative Behavior and Thriving at Work: A Chinese Perspective. Administrative Sciences, 8(3), 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci8030046
Rodhiya, F. I., Parahyanti, E. & Radikun, T. B. S. (2021). Boosting innovation in uncertain conditions to grow an economic income: The role of flexible working arrangements. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 716(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/716/1/012083
Salam, S. & Senin, A. A. (2022). A Bibliometric Study on Innovative Behavior Literature (1961–2019). SAGE Open, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221109589
Samma, M., Zhao, Y., Rasool, S. F., Han, X. & Ali, S. (2020). Exploring the relationship between innovative work behavior, job anxiety, workplace ostracism, and workplace incivility: Empirical evidence from small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Healthcare (Switzerland), 8(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040508
Santoso, H. & Heng, C. (2019). Creating Innovative Work Behavior: The roles of self-efficacy, leader competency, and friendly workplace. International Journal of Economics and Business Research, 18(3), 328–342. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEBR.2019.102732
Saraih, U., Wei, O. C., Razali, R., Zin Aris Ain Zuraini, Amlus, M. & Abd Razak, N. A. (2019). Factors affecting innovative work behavior: A case of the manufacturing company in Malaysia. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 28(8 Special Issue), 645–652.
Schuckert, M., Kim, T. T., Paek, S. & Lee, G. (2018). Motivate to innovate: How authentic and transformational leaders influence employees’ psychological capital and service innovation behavior. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(2), 776–796. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2016-0282
Scott, S. G. & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of Innovative Behavior: A Path Model of Individual Innovation in the Workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37(03), 580–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0737-6782(95)90043-8
Sengupta, S., Bajaj, B., Singh, A., Sharma, S., Patel, P. & Prikshat, V. (2023). Innovative work behavior driving Indian startups to go global – the role of authentic leadership and readiness for change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 36(1), 162–179. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/jocm-05-2022-0156
Shah, S. I., Afsar, B. & Shahjehan, A. (2020). Unique contextual conditions affecting coworker knowledge sharing and employee innovative work behaviors. Revista de Psicologia Del Trabajo y de Las Organizaciones, 36(2), 125–134. https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2020a12
Shah, S. T. H., Shah, S. M. A. & El-Gohary, H. (2022). Nurturing Innovative Work Behaviour through Workplace Learning among Knowledge Workers of Small and Medium Businesses. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-022-01019-5
Sinaga, A. T. I., Lumbanraja, P., Sadalia, I. & Silalahi, A. S. (2021). Transformational Leadership, Psychological Empowerment, and Innovative Work Behavior of Frontline Employees in the Public Sectors: Empirical Evidence from North Sumatera, Indonesia. Journal of International Conference Proceedings, 3(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v3i4.1004
Siregar, Z. M. E., Suryana, Ahman, E. & Senen, S. H. (2019). Factors influencing innovative work behavior: An individual factors perspective. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 8(9), 324–327.
Srirahayu, D. P., Ekowati, D. & Sridadi, A. R. (2023). Innovative work behavior in public organizations: A systematic literature review. Heliyon, 9(2), e13557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13557
Stanescu, D. F., Zbuchea, A. & Pinzaru, F. (2020). Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior: the mediating role of psychological empowerment. Kybernetes, 50(5), 1041–1057. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-07-2019-0491
Stankevi?iute, Ž., Staniškiene, E. & Cigane, U. (2020). Sustainable HRM as a Driver for innovative work behaviour: Do respect, openness, and continuity matter? the case of lithuania. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12145511
Sudibjo, N. & Prameswari, R. K. (2021). The effects of knowledge sharing and person–organization fit on the relationship between transformational leadership on innovative work behavior. Heliyon, 7(6), e07334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07334
Sulaiman, M., Ragheb, M. A. & Wahba, M. (2019). Perceived Organization Support Role in Creating an Innovative Work Behavior. OALib, 06(05), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1105372
Sulistiawan, J., Herachwati, N., Permatasari, S. D. & Alfirdaus, Z. (2017). The antecedents of innovative work behavior: The roles of self-monitoring. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 15(4), 263–270. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(4-1).2017.10
Supriyanto, A. S. (2019). Obtaining factors affecting innovative work behavior (IWB) of local bank employees under Islamic leadership: Application of partial least squares regression method. Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, 18(3), 417–425. https://doi.org/10.7232/iems.2019.18.3.417
Susilo, H. (2019). Improving Innovative Work Behavior and Organizational Performance through Workplace Spirituality and Perceived Organizational Support, 93(AICoBPA 2018), 101–105. https://doi.org/10.2991/aicobpa-18.2019.24
Swaroop, P. & Dixit, V. (2018). Employee engagement, work autonomy and innovative work behavior: An empirical study. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 4(2), 158–176.
Tan, A. B. C., Van Dun, D. H. & Wilderom, C. P. M. (2021). Innovative work behavior in Singapore evoked by transformational leaders through innovation support and readiness. Creativity and Innovation Management, July, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12462
Thurlings, M., Evers, A. T. & Vermeulen, M. (2015). Toward a Model of Explaining Teachers’ Innovative Behavior: A Literature Review. Review of Educational Research, 85(3), 430–471. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654314557949
Udin, U. (2022). Knowledge Sharing and Innovative Work Behavior: Testing the Role of Entrepreneurial Passion in Distribution Channel. Journal of Distribution Science, 20(2), 79–89. https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.20.02.202202.79
Usmanova, N., Yang, J., Sumarliah, E., Khan, S. U. & Khan, S. Z. (2020). Impact of knowledge sharing on job satisfaction and innovative work behavior: the moderating role of motivating language. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 51(3), 515–532. https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-11-2019-0177
Ven, A. H. Van de. (1986). Central Problems in the Management of Innovation. Management Science, 32(5), 590–607.
Vithayaporn, S. & Suwaree Ashton, A. (2019). Employee engagement and innovative work behavior: A case study of Thai Airways International. ABAC ODI Journal Vision.Action.Outcome, 6(December), 34–44.
Volery, T. & Tarabashkina, L. (2021). The impact of organizational support, employee creativity and work centrality on innovative work behavior. Journal of Business Research, 129(September 2019), 295–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.02.049
Wahyudi Rahman, M. F., Kistyanto, A. & Surjanti, J. (2020). Flexible Work Arrangements in Covid-19 Pandemic Era, Influence Employee Performance: the Mediating Role of Innovative Work Behavior. International Journal of Management, Innovation & Entrepreneurial Research, 6(2), 10–22. https://doi.org/10.18510/ijmier.2020.622
Wen, Q., Wu, Y. & Long, J. (2021). Influence of ethical leadership on employees’ innovative behavior: The role of organization-based self-esteem and flexible human resource management. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(3), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031359
Widodo, W. (2020). Innovative Behavior: Antecedence and Consequences in Private Higher Education. Journal of Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, XII(III), 1015–1023. https://doi.org/10.37896/jxat12.04/839
Wissmann, S. (2021). What Comes Before Innovation Kicks in Contemporary Evidence and Future Directions of Innovative Work Behaviour of Individuals — A Conceptual Literature Review. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 12(4), 52–62. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijimt.2021.12.4.909
Xerri, M. J. & Brunetto, Y. (2013). Fostering innovative behavior: The importance of employee commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(16), 3163–3177. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2013.775033
Xu, Z. & Suntrayuth, S. (2022). Innovative work behavior in high-tech enterprises: Chain intermediary effect of psychological safety and knowledge sharing. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(October), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1017121
Yadav, R., Prakash, C. & Dalal, A. (2023). Empowering leadership and innovative work behavior?: Mediating effect of psychological empowerment Empowering Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior?: Mediating Effect of Psychological Empowerment. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 17(1), 01–20.
Yang, C., Chen, Y., Zhao, X. & Hua, N. (2020). Transformational leadership, proactive personality and service performance: The mediating role of organizational embeddedness. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(1), 267–287. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2019-0244
Yasir, M. & Majid, A. (2020). High-involvement HRM practices and innovative work behavior among production-line workers: the mediating role of employee’s functional flexibility. Employee Relations, 42(4), 883–902. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-02-2018-0061
Yasir, M., Majid, A., Yousaf, Z., Nassani, A. A. & Haffar, M. (2021). An integrative framework of innovative work behavior for employees in SMEs linking knowledge sharing, functional flexibility and psychological empowerment. European Journal of Innovation Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-02-2021-0091
Yildiz, B., Uzun, S. & Semih Coskun, S. (2017). Drivers of innovative behaviors: The moderator roles of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 6(3), 341–360. https://doi.org/10.33844/ijol.2017.60255
Yonla, M. N., Johnmark, R. D., Liman, J. A., Gani, J. B., Sortu, M. S. & Longdi, D. J. (2019). Psychological Capital and Self-Employment Among Graduates in. European Journal of Business and Innovation Research, 7(5), 42–65.
Yuan, F. & Woodman, R. W. (2010). Innovative behavior in the workplace: The role of performance and image outcome expectations. Academy of Management Journal, 53(2), 323–342. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.49388995
Zhang, Q., Abdullah, A. R., Hossan, D. & Hou, Z. (2021). The effect of transformational leadership on innovative work behavior with the moderating role of internal locus of control and psychological empowerment. Management Science Letters, 11, 1267–1276. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.11.012
Zhang, Z., Liu, M. & Yang, Q. (2021). Examining the external antecedents of innovative work behavior: The role of government support for talent policy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031213
Zreen, A., Farrukh, M. & Kanwal, N. (2021). Do HR practices facilitate innovative work behavior? Empirical evidence from higher education institutes. Human Systems Management, 40(5), 701–710. https://doi.org/10.3233/HSM-201001
Published
2023-11-11
How to Cite
Ebrahim, Z. B., Ismail, I., & Kassim, E. S. (2023). A Conceptual Review of the Determinants of Employee Innovative Work Behavior. Information Management and Business Review, 15(4(SI)I), 239-257. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v15i4(SI)I.3598
Section
Research Paper