Examining the Work Engagement-Organizational Citizenship Behavior Link: The Moderating Role of Employee Personality
Keywords:
Work Engagement, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Employee Personality, Agreeableness
Abstract
Although previous researchers have paid significant attention to the effect of employee work engagement on employee involvement in organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), only a few have specifically examined the joint effects of employee work engagement and employee personality on employee involvement in OCB. Drawing upon the Social Exchange Theory, this study specifically examined the role of employee personality (agreeableness) as a moderator in the work engagement-OCB relationship. A total of 646 employees from three public healthcare institutions in Malaysia participated in this study. Moderated hierarchical regression results indicated a positive effect of work engagement with OCB and a significant interaction between work engagement and agreeableness personality in predicting OCB. However, the effect of work engagement on OCB was stronger for those respondents low in agreeableness than for those high in agreeableness personality, contrary to the hypothesis. Managerial implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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References
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Aiken, L. S. & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
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Balasubramanian, S. A. & Lathabhavan, R. (2017). Women’s glass ceiling beliefs predict work engagement and burnout. Journal of Management Development, 36(9), 1125-1136. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-12-2016-0282
Ballout, H. I. (2009). Career commitment and career success: the moderating role of self-efficacy. Career Development International, 14(7), 655-760.
Bandura, A. (1978). Self-system in reciprocal determinism. American Psychology, 33, 344-358.
Barrick, M. R. & Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1-27.
Barrick, M. R. & Mount, M. K. (2005). Yes, personality matters: moving on to more important matters. Human Performance, 18, 359-372.
Belwalkar, S., Vohra, V. & Pandey, A. (2018).The relationship between workplace spirituality, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors: An empirical study. Social Responsibility Journal, 14(2), 410-430. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-05-2016-0096.
Bergeron, D. M. (2007). The potential paradox of organizational citizenship behavior: good citizens at what cost? Academy of Management Review, 32(4), 1078-1095.
Blau, P. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life. New York: Wiley.
Casu, G., Mariani, M. G., Chiesa, R., Guglielmi, D. & Gremigni, P. (2021). The Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Gender between Job Satisfaction and Task Performance. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 9(18), 18.
Caulfield, J. L. & Senger, A. (2017). Perception is reality: change leadership and work engagement. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(7), 927-945. https:// doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-07-2016-0166
Chien, C. C. & Su, F. C. (2009). The mediating role of job involvement in the relationship between job characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior. The Journal of Social Psychology, 149(4), 474-494.
Coffeng, J. K., Hendriksen, I. J. M., Duijts, S. F. A., Twisk, J. W. R., Willem van Mechelen. & Boot, C. R. L. (2014). Effectiveness of a combined social and physical environmental intervention on presenteeism, absenteeism, work performance, and work engagement in-office employees. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(3), 259-265.
Cohen, J. & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
Colbert, A. E., Mount, M. K., Harter, J. K., Witt, L. A. & Barrick, M. R. (2004). Interactive effects of personality and perceptions of the work situation on workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4), 599-609.
Comeau, D. J. & Griffith R. L. (2005). Structural interdependence, personality and organizational citizenship behavior. An examination of person-environment interaction. Personnel Review, 34(3), 310-330.
Costa, P. T. & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Digman, J. M. (1990). Personality structure: Emergence of the five-factor model. Annual Review of Psychology, 41, 417–440.
Engelbrecht, A. S., Heine, G. & Mahembe, B. (2017). Integrity, ethical leadership, trust and work engagement. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(3), 368-379. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-11-2015-0237
Gahlawat, N. & Kundu, S. C. (2020). Unraveling the Relationship between High-involvement Work Practices and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Sequential Mediation Approach. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 7(2), 165–188. https://doi.org/10.1177/2322093720932071
Goldberg, L. R. (1992). The development of markers for the Big Five factor structure. Psychological Assessment, 4, 26-42.
Gong, B., Greenwood, R. A., Hoyte, D., Ramkissoon, A. & He, X. (2018). Millennials and organizational citizenship behavior: The role of job crafting and career anchor on service. Management Research Review, 41(7), 774-788. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-05-2016-0121.
Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25(2), 161-178.
Illies, R., Scott, B. A. & Judge, T. A. (2006). The interactive effects of personal traits and experienced states on intraindividual patterns of citizenship behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 49(3), 561-575.
Ilies, R., Fulmer, I. S., Spitzmuller, M. & Johnson, M. D. (2009). Which Employees Go Above and Beyond and Why? Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(4), 945-959.
Ishak, N. A. (2005). Promoting employees’ innovativeness and organizational citizenship behavior through superior-subordinate relationships in the workplace. Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 13(2), 16-30.
Jain, N. R. & Rizvi, I. A. (2020). Impact of Corporate Citizenship on Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Managers: A Study from Selected Indian Banks. Global Business Review, 21(1), 294–311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150917749289
John, O. P. & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement and theoretical perspectives. In: Pervin LA, John OP (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (2nd Ed.) New York: Guilford, 102-138.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 692-724.
Krings, F. & Faacchin, S. (2009). Organizational justice and men’s likelihood to sexually harass: The moderating role of sexism and personality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(2), 501-510.
Krishnan, R., Omar, R., Ismail, I. R., Alias, M. A., Hamid, R. A., Ghani, M. A. & Kanchymalay, K. (2010). Job Satisfaction as a Potential Mediator between motivational job characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior: Evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Information Technology and Economic Development, 1(1), 86-110.
Krishnan, R., Ismail, I. R., Samuel, R. & Kanchymalay, K. (2013). The mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between job autonomy and citizenship performance. World Journal of Social Science, 3(3), 120-131.
Krishnan, R., Alias, M. A., Ismail, S. & Kanchymalay, K. (2014). The effects of work design characteristics on organizational citizenship behavior: An empirical investigation. World Journal of Management, 5(2), 37-49.
Krishnan, R., Ismail, S., Loon, K. W. & Muthusamy, G. (2017). The moderating effect of employee personality in the relationship between job design characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior. The Social Sciences, 12(6), 1014-1023.
Lee, K. & Allen, N. J. (2002). Organizational citizenship behavior and workplace deviance: The role of affect and cognitions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), 131-142.
Liu, J., Fu, P. P. & Zhang, T. T. (2008). A moderated- mediation model of empowering leadership-OCB link. Proceeding of the International Conference on Management Science and Engineering 939-944.
Macey, W. H. & Schneider, B. (2008). The meaning of employee engagement. Industrial Organizational Psychology, 1, 3-30.
MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M. & Fetter, R. (1993). The impact of organizational citizenship behavior on evaluations of salesperson performance. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 70-80.
Maslach, C., Scaufelli, W. B. & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology 52: 397-442.
May, D. R., Gilson, R. & Harter, L. M. (2004). The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(1), 11-37.
May, C. L. & Ramayah, T. (2009). Dimensionality of Organizational Citizenship Behavior in a Multicultural Society: The Case of Malaysia. International Business Research, 2(1), 48-54.
Ng, G. C. & Tay, A. (2010). Does work engagement mediate the relationship between job resources and the job performance of employees? African Journal of Business Management, 4(9), 1837-1843.
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome. Lexington Books, Lexington, MA.
Organ, D. W. (1997). Organizational citizenship behavior: It's constructed clean-up time. Human Performance, 10, 85-97.
Organ, D. W. (2018). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Recent Trends and Developments. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, 295-306.
Organ, D. W., Posakoff, P. M. & MacKenzie, S. B. (2006). Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Its Nature, Antecedents and Consequences. Sage Publication. Thousand Oak. California.
Pio, R. J. & Elia Tampi, J. R. (2018). The influence of spiritual leadership on quality of work life, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Law and Management, 60(2), 757-767, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-03-2017-0028
Pletzer, J. L. (2021). Why older employees engage in less counterproductive work behavior and more organizational citizenship behavior: Examining the role of the HEXACO personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 173, 110550
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H. & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Leadership Quarterly, 1, 107–142.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B. & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organization citizenship behaviors: a critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26, 513-63.
Salanova, M. & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). A cross-national study of work engagement as a mediator between job resources and proactive behavior. International Journal of Human Resources Management, 19(1), 116-31.
Schaufeli, W. B. & Salanova, M. (2007). Work engagement: An emerging psychological concept and its implications for organizations. In S.W. Gilliland, D.D. Steiner & D.P. Skarlicki (Eds.), Research in social issues in management: Vol. 5. Managing social and ethical issues in organizations. Greenwich,
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., Gonzalez-Roma, V. & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71-92.
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B. & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with brief questionnaire; a cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 701-716.
Sharma, S., Durand, R. M. & Gur-Arie, O. (1981). Identification of moderator variables. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 291-300.
Shimamura, M., Fukutake, M., Namba, M. & Ogino, T. (2021). The relationship among factors of organizational justice, organizational citizenship behavior, job satisfaction, and ease of work among Japanese nurses. Applied Nursing Research, 61, 151479.
Shore, L. M. & Wayne, S. L. (1993). Commitment and employee behavior: comparison of affective commitment and continuance commitment with perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 774-80.
Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W. & Near, J. P. (1983). Organizational citizenship behavior: its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 653-63.
Srivastava, S. & Pathak, D. (2020). The Role of Moderators in Linking Job Crafting to Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Study on the Indian Hospitality Sector. Vision, 24(1), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262919869747
Su, F. C. & Hsiao L. C. (2005). Relationship between job characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior; The mediational role of job satisfaction. Social Behavior and Personality, 33(6), 523-540.
Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. (5th Ed). Boston: Pearson Education.
Thomas, A., Buboltz, W. C. & Winkelspecht, C. S. (2004). Job characteristics and personality as predictors of job satisfaction. Organizational Analysis, 16(2), 205-218.
Todd, S. T. & Kent, A. (2006). Direct and Indirect Effects of Task Characteristics on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. North American Journal of Psychology, 8(2), 253-268.
Walz, S. & Niehoff, B. P. (1996). Organizational citizenship behaviors and their effect on organizational effectiveness in limited-menu restaurants. Paper presented at meetings of the Academy of Management. Cincinnati, OH.
Williams, L. J. & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601-617.
Yaakobi, E. & Weisberg, J. (2020). Organizational Citizenship Behavior Predicts Quality, Creativity, and Efficiency Performance: The Roles of Occupational and Collective Efficacies. Front Psychology, 24, 11-758
Aiken, L. S. & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Bakker, A. B. & Scaufeli, W. B. (2008). Positive organizational behavior: Engaged employees in flourishing organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29, 147-154.
Balasubramanian, S. A. & Lathabhavan, R. (2017). Women’s glass ceiling beliefs predict work engagement and burnout. Journal of Management Development, 36(9), 1125-1136. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-12-2016-0282
Ballout, H. I. (2009). Career commitment and career success: the moderating role of self-efficacy. Career Development International, 14(7), 655-760.
Bandura, A. (1978). Self-system in reciprocal determinism. American Psychology, 33, 344-358.
Barrick, M. R. & Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1-27.
Barrick, M. R. & Mount, M. K. (2005). Yes, personality matters: moving on to more important matters. Human Performance, 18, 359-372.
Belwalkar, S., Vohra, V. & Pandey, A. (2018).The relationship between workplace spirituality, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors: An empirical study. Social Responsibility Journal, 14(2), 410-430. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-05-2016-0096.
Bergeron, D. M. (2007). The potential paradox of organizational citizenship behavior: good citizens at what cost? Academy of Management Review, 32(4), 1078-1095.
Blau, P. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life. New York: Wiley.
Casu, G., Mariani, M. G., Chiesa, R., Guglielmi, D. & Gremigni, P. (2021). The Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Gender between Job Satisfaction and Task Performance. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 9(18), 18.
Caulfield, J. L. & Senger, A. (2017). Perception is reality: change leadership and work engagement. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(7), 927-945. https:// doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-07-2016-0166
Chien, C. C. & Su, F. C. (2009). The mediating role of job involvement in the relationship between job characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior. The Journal of Social Psychology, 149(4), 474-494.
Coffeng, J. K., Hendriksen, I. J. M., Duijts, S. F. A., Twisk, J. W. R., Willem van Mechelen. & Boot, C. R. L. (2014). Effectiveness of a combined social and physical environmental intervention on presenteeism, absenteeism, work performance, and work engagement in-office employees. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(3), 259-265.
Cohen, J. & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
Colbert, A. E., Mount, M. K., Harter, J. K., Witt, L. A. & Barrick, M. R. (2004). Interactive effects of personality and perceptions of the work situation on workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4), 599-609.
Comeau, D. J. & Griffith R. L. (2005). Structural interdependence, personality and organizational citizenship behavior. An examination of person-environment interaction. Personnel Review, 34(3), 310-330.
Costa, P. T. & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Digman, J. M. (1990). Personality structure: Emergence of the five-factor model. Annual Review of Psychology, 41, 417–440.
Engelbrecht, A. S., Heine, G. & Mahembe, B. (2017). Integrity, ethical leadership, trust and work engagement. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(3), 368-379. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-11-2015-0237
Gahlawat, N. & Kundu, S. C. (2020). Unraveling the Relationship between High-involvement Work Practices and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Sequential Mediation Approach. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 7(2), 165–188. https://doi.org/10.1177/2322093720932071
Goldberg, L. R. (1992). The development of markers for the Big Five factor structure. Psychological Assessment, 4, 26-42.
Gong, B., Greenwood, R. A., Hoyte, D., Ramkissoon, A. & He, X. (2018). Millennials and organizational citizenship behavior: The role of job crafting and career anchor on service. Management Research Review, 41(7), 774-788. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-05-2016-0121.
Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25(2), 161-178.
Illies, R., Scott, B. A. & Judge, T. A. (2006). The interactive effects of personal traits and experienced states on intraindividual patterns of citizenship behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 49(3), 561-575.
Ilies, R., Fulmer, I. S., Spitzmuller, M. & Johnson, M. D. (2009). Which Employees Go Above and Beyond and Why? Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(4), 945-959.
Ishak, N. A. (2005). Promoting employees’ innovativeness and organizational citizenship behavior through superior-subordinate relationships in the workplace. Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 13(2), 16-30.
Jain, N. R. & Rizvi, I. A. (2020). Impact of Corporate Citizenship on Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Managers: A Study from Selected Indian Banks. Global Business Review, 21(1), 294–311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150917749289
John, O. P. & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement and theoretical perspectives. In: Pervin LA, John OP (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (2nd Ed.) New York: Guilford, 102-138.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 692-724.
Krings, F. & Faacchin, S. (2009). Organizational justice and men’s likelihood to sexually harass: The moderating role of sexism and personality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(2), 501-510.
Krishnan, R., Omar, R., Ismail, I. R., Alias, M. A., Hamid, R. A., Ghani, M. A. & Kanchymalay, K. (2010). Job Satisfaction as a Potential Mediator between motivational job characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior: Evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Information Technology and Economic Development, 1(1), 86-110.
Krishnan, R., Ismail, I. R., Samuel, R. & Kanchymalay, K. (2013). The mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between job autonomy and citizenship performance. World Journal of Social Science, 3(3), 120-131.
Krishnan, R., Alias, M. A., Ismail, S. & Kanchymalay, K. (2014). The effects of work design characteristics on organizational citizenship behavior: An empirical investigation. World Journal of Management, 5(2), 37-49.
Krishnan, R., Ismail, S., Loon, K. W. & Muthusamy, G. (2017). The moderating effect of employee personality in the relationship between job design characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior. The Social Sciences, 12(6), 1014-1023.
Lee, K. & Allen, N. J. (2002). Organizational citizenship behavior and workplace deviance: The role of affect and cognitions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), 131-142.
Liu, J., Fu, P. P. & Zhang, T. T. (2008). A moderated- mediation model of empowering leadership-OCB link. Proceeding of the International Conference on Management Science and Engineering 939-944.
Macey, W. H. & Schneider, B. (2008). The meaning of employee engagement. Industrial Organizational Psychology, 1, 3-30.
MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M. & Fetter, R. (1993). The impact of organizational citizenship behavior on evaluations of salesperson performance. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 70-80.
Maslach, C., Scaufelli, W. B. & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology 52: 397-442.
May, D. R., Gilson, R. & Harter, L. M. (2004). The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(1), 11-37.
May, C. L. & Ramayah, T. (2009). Dimensionality of Organizational Citizenship Behavior in a Multicultural Society: The Case of Malaysia. International Business Research, 2(1), 48-54.
Ng, G. C. & Tay, A. (2010). Does work engagement mediate the relationship between job resources and the job performance of employees? African Journal of Business Management, 4(9), 1837-1843.
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome. Lexington Books, Lexington, MA.
Organ, D. W. (1997). Organizational citizenship behavior: It's constructed clean-up time. Human Performance, 10, 85-97.
Organ, D. W. (2018). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Recent Trends and Developments. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, 295-306.
Organ, D. W., Posakoff, P. M. & MacKenzie, S. B. (2006). Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Its Nature, Antecedents and Consequences. Sage Publication. Thousand Oak. California.
Pio, R. J. & Elia Tampi, J. R. (2018). The influence of spiritual leadership on quality of work life, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Law and Management, 60(2), 757-767, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-03-2017-0028
Pletzer, J. L. (2021). Why older employees engage in less counterproductive work behavior and more organizational citizenship behavior: Examining the role of the HEXACO personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 173, 110550
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H. & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Leadership Quarterly, 1, 107–142.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B. & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organization citizenship behaviors: a critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26, 513-63.
Salanova, M. & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). A cross-national study of work engagement as a mediator between job resources and proactive behavior. International Journal of Human Resources Management, 19(1), 116-31.
Schaufeli, W. B. & Salanova, M. (2007). Work engagement: An emerging psychological concept and its implications for organizations. In S.W. Gilliland, D.D. Steiner & D.P. Skarlicki (Eds.), Research in social issues in management: Vol. 5. Managing social and ethical issues in organizations. Greenwich,
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., Gonzalez-Roma, V. & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71-92.
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B. & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with brief questionnaire; a cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 701-716.
Sharma, S., Durand, R. M. & Gur-Arie, O. (1981). Identification of moderator variables. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 291-300.
Shimamura, M., Fukutake, M., Namba, M. & Ogino, T. (2021). The relationship among factors of organizational justice, organizational citizenship behavior, job satisfaction, and ease of work among Japanese nurses. Applied Nursing Research, 61, 151479.
Shore, L. M. & Wayne, S. L. (1993). Commitment and employee behavior: comparison of affective commitment and continuance commitment with perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 774-80.
Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W. & Near, J. P. (1983). Organizational citizenship behavior: its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 653-63.
Srivastava, S. & Pathak, D. (2020). The Role of Moderators in Linking Job Crafting to Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Study on the Indian Hospitality Sector. Vision, 24(1), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262919869747
Su, F. C. & Hsiao L. C. (2005). Relationship between job characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior; The mediational role of job satisfaction. Social Behavior and Personality, 33(6), 523-540.
Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. (5th Ed). Boston: Pearson Education.
Thomas, A., Buboltz, W. C. & Winkelspecht, C. S. (2004). Job characteristics and personality as predictors of job satisfaction. Organizational Analysis, 16(2), 205-218.
Todd, S. T. & Kent, A. (2006). Direct and Indirect Effects of Task Characteristics on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. North American Journal of Psychology, 8(2), 253-268.
Walz, S. & Niehoff, B. P. (1996). Organizational citizenship behaviors and their effect on organizational effectiveness in limited-menu restaurants. Paper presented at meetings of the Academy of Management. Cincinnati, OH.
Williams, L. J. & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601-617.
Yaakobi, E. & Weisberg, J. (2020). Organizational Citizenship Behavior Predicts Quality, Creativity, and Efficiency Performance: The Roles of Occupational and Collective Efficacies. Front Psychology, 24, 11-758
Published
2023-11-11
How to Cite
Krishnan, R., Muthusamy, G., Loon, K. W., Alias, N. E., Romaiha, N. R., & Kanchymalay, K. (2023). Examining the Work Engagement-Organizational Citizenship Behavior Link: The Moderating Role of Employee Personality. Information Management and Business Review, 15(4(SI)I), 219-230. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v15i4(SI)I.3596
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Research Paper
Copyright (c) 2023 Ramesh Krishnan, Geetha Muthusamy, Koe Wei Loon, Nurul Ezaili Alias, Noor Rafhati Romaiha, Kasturi Kanchymalay
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