A Conceptual Framework to Study Factors Influencing Volunteers’ Motivation
Keywords:
Volunteer motivation, Satria Volunteers, Malaysian Ministry of Youth and Sports, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, Self-enhancement
Abstract
Many researchers agree that motivation plays a key role for people to volunteer. This is because volunteering sometimes offers them no money or recognition. Understanding volunteer motivations and variances between groups of people will enable management to build management methods that will help volunteers perform better. Little study has been conducted on the volunteer motivational factors due to crisis although there were many studies on other forms of factors related to volunteerism. By understanding volunteer motivation, volunteers can be better managed to ensure that the benefits of helping outweigh the potential negative consequences for individuals and the community as a whole. The Malaysian Ministry of Youth and Sports was selected because although the initiative has just been launched recently but the Ministry able to attract more than 200,000 volunteers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the factors that influence people to volunteer as trained Satria. This will help government and non-profit organizations understand the factors that influence people to motivate during crises and emergencies as well as less-emergencies situations. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the factors influencing volunteers’ motivation from a population of 508 trained Satria volunteers of the Malaysian Ministry of Youth and Sports throughout Malaysia.
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References
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Filgona, J., Sakiyo, J., Gwany, D. M. & Okoronka, A. U. (2020). Motivation in Learning. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies.
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Guntert, S. T., Wehner, T. & Mieg, H. A. (2022). Organizational, Motivational, and Cultural Contexts of Volunteering The European View. Springer.
Gómez-Diago G. (2020). The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society. SAGE Publications, Inc. City: Thousand Oaks.
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Krueger, J. I., Heck, P. R., Evans, A. M. & DiDonato, T. E. (2020). Social game theory: Preferences, perceptions and choices. European Review of Social Psychology.
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Mertins, V. & Walter, C. (2021). In absence of money: a field experiment on volunteer work motivation. Springer Link.
Mitchell, S. L. & Clark, M. (2020). Volunteer choice of nonprofit organization: an integrated framework. European Journal of Marketing.
Mkhomazi, S. & Iyamu, T. (2013). A Guide to Selecting Theory to Underpin Information Systems Studies. International Working Conference on Transfer and Diffusion of IT, 525-537.
Mobiny, M. & Ramos, V. S. (2020). Motivating and maintaining people in nonprofits. A comparative case study of managerial challenges and opportunities in Sweden.
MOH. (2022, May). Kemeterian Kesihatan Malaysia. Retrieved from https://covid-19.moh.gov.my/faqsop/faq-umum
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Tamir, M., Cieciuch, J., Torres, C. & Dzokoto, V. (2016). Desired Emotions Across Cultures: A Value-Based Account. Personality Process and Individual Differences.
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Wang, X., Yang, Z., Xin, Z., Wu, Y. & Qi, S. (2021). Community identity profiles and COVID-19-related community participation. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology.
Wilson, J. (2012). Volunteerism research: A review essay. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly.
Yang, Z. (2021). Understanding spontaneous volunteering in crisis: towards a needs-based approach of explanation. The Social Science Journal.
Younis, N. M., Ahmed, M. M. & Hussein, A. A. (2020). Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Preparedness of Disaster Management in Emergency of Mosul Teaching Hospitals. Medico-Legal Update.
Zainuddin, N., Md Yusof, Z., Zaini, B. & Mansor , R. (2020). Identifying Volunteers’ Motivation: A Factor Analysis Study. Journal of Science and Mathematics Letters, 8(1), 57-65.
Zvavahera, P. (2015). An Analysis of the Complex Model of Motivation in Retaining and Motivating Employees. Business and Management Horizons, 3(1), 2-12.
Zollo, L., Laudano, M. C., Boccardi, A. & Ciappei, C. (2018). From governance to organizational effectiveness: the role of organizational identity and volunteers’ commitment. Journal of Management and Governance.
Adler, R. (2011). The Volunteer Factor. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 124-138.
Ahmad, S. N., Sulaiman, Z. & Khalifah, Z. (2020). Motivation and Satisfaction. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering.
Ahn, Y. J. (2018). Recruitment of volunteers connected with sports mega-events: A case study of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 194-203. doi:doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.04.002
Ainsworth, J. (2020). Feelings of ownership and volunteering: Examining psychological ownership as a volunteering motivation for nonprofit service organizations. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services.
Alajmi, B. & Alasousi, H. (2018). Understanding and motivating academic library employees: theoretical implications. Motivating, 203-214.
Aliyah. & Ariyanto, H. H. (2021). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Motivasi Kerja, dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Guru Madrasah Boarding Schooldi Kota Batam. Conference on Management, Business, Innovation, Education and Social Science.
Aminizade, M., Moghaddam, M. N., Jam, M. B., Shamsi, M., Majidi, N., Amanat, N.. & Hoseini, S. H. (2017). The Role of Volunteer Citizens in Response to Accidents and Disasters. Health in Emergencies and Health Quarterly.
Anua, N. & Chan, N. W. (2020). Community Resilience Building in the Aftermath of Flood Disaster. Innovation and Transformation in Humanities For a Sustainable Tomorrow.
Aydinli, A., Bender, M., Chasiotis, A., Vijver, F. J. & Cemalcilar, Z. (2015). Implicit and explicit prosocial motivation as antecedents of volunteering: The moderating role of parenthood. Personality and Individual Differences.
Bang, H. & Chelladurai, P. (2009). Development and validation of the volunteer motivations scale for international sporting events (VMS-ISE). Int. J. Sport Management and Marketing, 6(4), 2009.
Bang, H. & Ross, S. D. (2009). Volunteer Motivation and Satisfaction. Journal of Venue and Event.
Bang, H., Bravo, G. A., Figuerôa, K. M. & Mezzadri, F. M. (2018). The Impact of Volunteer Experience at Sport. Wiley Journal of Community and Psychology.
Beckman, E., Pan, T., Kitterlin, M. & Cain, L. (2021). Identifying motivating factors among college students that influence repeat participation among special event volunteers: the moderating role of class standing. International Journal of Event and Festival Management.
Bikar, S. S., Rathakrishnan, B., Kamaluddin, M. R., Nasir, N. C. & Nasir, M. M. (2021). Social Sustainability of Post-Disaster: How Teachers Enable. Sustainability.
Brudney, J. L. (2016). DESIGNING AND MANAGING VOLUNTEER PROGRAMS. The Jossey-Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management, 688-733.
Butt, M. U., Hou, Y., Soomro, K. A. & Maran, D. A. (2017). The ABCE Model of Volunteer Motivation. Journal of Social Service Research.
Chan, N. W. (2014). Impacts of Disasters and Disaster Risk Management in Malaysia: The Case of Floods. Resilience and Recovery in Asian Disasters, 239-265.
Cho, M., Bonn, M. A. & Han, S. J. (2018). Generation Z’s Sustainable Volunteering: Motivations, Attitudes and Job Performance. Sustainability 2018. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051400
Clary, E. G., Ridge, R. D., Stukas, A. A., Snyder, M., Copeland, J., Haugen, J. & Miene, P. (1998). Understanding and Assessing the Motivations of Volunteers: A Functional Approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1516
Daniel, K. (1960). Public Opinion Quarterly. The functional approach to the study of attitudes, 163-204. doi:https://doi.org/10.1086/266945
Dufner, M., Gebauer, J. E., Sedikides, C. & Denissen, J. J. (2019). Self-Enhancement and Psychological Adjustment: A Meta-Analytic Review. Personality and Social Psychology Review.
Faletehan, A. F., Burg, E. v., Thompson, N. A. & Wempe, J. (2021). Called to volunteer and stay longer: the significance of work calling for volunteering motivation and retention. Voluntary Sector Review, 12(2), 235–255.
Faranadia, A., Bukhari, W., Kamal, M., Normala, R., Lukman, Z. & Azlini, C. (2018). Understanding and Assessing the Motivation Factors of University Students Involvement in Volunteerism. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS).
Faulkner, B. & Vikulov, S. (2001). Katherine, washed out one day, back on track the next: a post-mortem of a tourism disaster. Tourism Management.
Filgona, J., Sakiyo, J., Gwany, D. M. & Okoronka, A. U. (2020). Motivation in Learning. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies.
Gray, D. & Stevenson, C. (2019). How can ‘we’ help? Exploring the role of shared social identity in the experiences and benefits of volunteering. 2019 The Authors Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Guntert, S. T., Wehner, T. & Mieg, H. A. (2022). Organizational, Motivational, and Cultural Contexts of Volunteering The European View. Springer.
Gómez-Diago G. (2020). The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society. SAGE Publications, Inc. City: Thousand Oaks.
Haste, H. (2018). Attitudes and Values and the OECD Learning Framework 2030: A Critical Review of Definitions, Concepts and Data. Paris: OECD.
Kankanamge, N., Yigitcanlar, T., Goonetilleke, A. & Kamruzzaman, M. (2019). Can volunteer crowdsourcing reduce disaster risk? A systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction.
Kivunja, C. (2018). Distinguishing between Theory, Theoretical Framework, and Conceptual Framework: A Systematic Review of Lessons from the Field. International Journal of Higher Education, 44-53.
Krejcie, R. V. & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size and Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 607-610.
Krueger, J. I., Heck, P. R., Evans, A. M. & DiDonato, T. E. (2020). Social game theory: Preferences, perceptions and choices. European Review of Social Psychology.
Lau, Y., Fang, L., Cheng, L. J. & Kwong, H. D. (2019). Volunteer motivation, social problem solving, self-efficacy, and mental health: a structural equation model approach. Educational Psychology-International Journal of Experimental Educational Psychology.
Lee, H. Y. & Zhang, J. J. (2019). Rethinking sustainability in volunteer tourism. Current Issues in Tourism.
Mak, H. & Fancourt, D. (2021). Predictors of engaging in voluntary work during the COVID-19 pandemic: analyses of data from 31,890 adults in the UK. Royal Society for Public Health 2021.
Maslow, A. H. (2000). The Maslow Business Reader. Canada: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Merriam-Webster. (2022, Pandemic). https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pandemic. Retrieved from Pandemic.
Mertins, V. & Walter, C. (2021). In absence of money: a field experiment on volunteer work motivation. Springer Link.
Mitchell, S. L. & Clark, M. (2020). Volunteer choice of nonprofit organization: an integrated framework. European Journal of Marketing.
Mkhomazi, S. & Iyamu, T. (2013). A Guide to Selecting Theory to Underpin Information Systems Studies. International Working Conference on Transfer and Diffusion of IT, 525-537.
Mobiny, M. & Ramos, V. S. (2020). Motivating and maintaining people in nonprofits. A comparative case study of managerial challenges and opportunities in Sweden.
MOH. (2022, May). Kemeterian Kesihatan Malaysia. Retrieved from https://covid-19.moh.gov.my/faqsop/faq-umum
Newes, A. G., Hatami, A., Hermes, J., Keranen, A. & Ulkuniemi, P. (2019). Organizational outcomes of corporate volunteering: a qualitative study. Journal of Positive Management, 32-43.
Ng, E. S., Lyons, S. T. & Schweitzer , L. (2018). "Career Experiences" In Generational Career. Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, 71-93.
Nowack, D. & Schoderer, S. (2020). Theoretical Explication. The Role of Values for Social Cohesion.
Nurbaeti, S. (2022). Significance of the Influence of Leadership Model, Morale, and Satisfaction on Performance Consistency. Jurnal Kepegawaian dan Organisasi.
Osei, S. R. (2021). Volunteers’ Motivation and Spiritual Capital at a Black Baptist Church.
Ruiter, M. C., Couasnon, A., Homberg, M. J., E., J., Gill, J. C. & Ward, P. J. (2019). Why we can no longer ignore consecutive disasters. 2019 American Geophysical Union.
Sakeran, U. & Bougies, R. (2013). Research Method for Business. Six Edition. United Kingdom: John Wolfley & Sons Ltd.
Savickas, M. L. (2005). The Theory and Practice of Career Construction. Wiley Publishers.
Sengupta, D. & Al-Khalifa, D. (2022). Motivations of Young Women Volunteers during COVID-19: A Qualitative Inquiry in Bahrain. Administrative Sciences.
Sloane, G. M. T. & Pröbstl-Haider, U. (2019). Motivation for environmental volunteering - A comparison between Austria and Great Britain. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism.
Starnes, B. J. & Wymer, W. W. (2001), Conceptual foundations and practical guidelines for retaining volunteers who serve in local nonprofit organizations: Part II, Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing.
Stebbins, R. A. (2009). Would You Volunteer? Social science and public policy.
Suandi, T., Hamzah, S., Ismail, I. & Shah, J. A. (2014). Why Youths Choose to Become Volunteers: From the Perspective of Belief. Athens Journal of Social Sciences, 51-64.
Tamir, M., Cieciuch, J., Torres, C. & Dzokoto, V. (2016). Desired Emotions Across Cultures: A Value-Based Account. Personality Process and Individual Differences.
Toomey, A., Strehlau-Howay, L., Manzolillo, B. & Thomas, C. (2020). The place-making potential of citizen science: Creating social-ecological connections in an urbanized world. Landscape and Urban Planning.
Vasilieva, V. (2018). “The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself!”. Social Entrepreneurship Akademie. Retrieved from https://seakademie.org/en/2018/10/23/the-best-way-to-find-yourself-is-to-lose-yourself/
Vinnicombe, T. & Wu, Y. C. (2020). Generalizing motivation measurement indexes: the case of Midi Music Festival volunteers. Generalizing motivation measurement indexes.
Wang, X., Yang, Z., Xin, Z., Wu, Y. & Qi, S. (2021). Community identity profiles and COVID-19-related community participation. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology.
Wilson, J. (2012). Volunteerism research: A review essay. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly.
Yang, Z. (2021). Understanding spontaneous volunteering in crisis: towards a needs-based approach of explanation. The Social Science Journal.
Younis, N. M., Ahmed, M. M. & Hussein, A. A. (2020). Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Preparedness of Disaster Management in Emergency of Mosul Teaching Hospitals. Medico-Legal Update.
Zainuddin, N., Md Yusof, Z., Zaini, B. & Mansor , R. (2020). Identifying Volunteers’ Motivation: A Factor Analysis Study. Journal of Science and Mathematics Letters, 8(1), 57-65.
Zvavahera, P. (2015). An Analysis of the Complex Model of Motivation in Retaining and Motivating Employees. Business and Management Horizons, 3(1), 2-12.
Zollo, L., Laudano, M. C., Boccardi, A. & Ciappei, C. (2018). From governance to organizational effectiveness: the role of organizational identity and volunteers’ commitment. Journal of Management and Governance.
Published
2023-10-08
How to Cite
Hizazi, A. H., Kamarul Zaman, M. D., Gonulal, A., & Abg Abdullah, D. N. M. (2023). A Conceptual Framework to Study Factors Influencing Volunteers’ Motivation. Information Management and Business Review, 15(3(I), 19-30. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v15i3(I).3513
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Copyright (c) 2023 Aziana Hizazi Hizazi, Maliza Delima Kamarul Zaman, Adem Gonulal, Dayang Nailul Munna Abg Abdullah
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