Preferred Sporting Tourism Events Attributes among Sports Tourists
Keywords:
Sporting Tourism Events Attributes, Decision Making, Sports Tourists, Sports Event, Sports Tourism.
Abstract
Sports tourism has emerged as a prominent and dynamic segment within the broader event, travel and tourism industry. Amidst this growth, understanding the attributes influencing sports tourists' attendance at sporting events has become paramount for event organizers, destination marketers, and policymakers. Hence, this study aims to investigate the attributes of sporting tourism events that influence sports tourists' attendance. By analyzing the attributes that hold the most significance for sports tourists when selecting from various sporting tourism events, this research aims to contribute valuable insights into the sports tourism industry. A questionnaire was used as the main instrument in the data collection process. 302 online surveys in Google Form format were distributed among sports tourists using a purposive sampling technique. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 28. The result indicated that most respondents preferred scenic views and value for money offered at sporting tourism events. By shedding light on the interplay between sporting tourism events attributes and sports tourists' behavior, this research seeks to make a meaningful contribution to the sustainable growth and development of the sports tourism industry.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Aicher, T. J., Buning, R. J. & Newland, B. L. (2020). Running through travel career progression: Social worlds and active sport tourism. Journal of Sport Management, 34(6), 542–553. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2019-0256
Alpert, M. I. (1971). Identification of Determinant Attributes. Journal of Marketing Research, 8(May), 184–191.
Bagozzi, R. P., Rosa, J. A., Celly, K. S. & Coronel, F. (1998). Marketing management. Prentice Hall.
Bernard, H. R. (2017). Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Rowman & Littlefield.
Blann, F. W. & Armstrong, K. L. (2007). Sports marketing. In J. B. Parks, J. Quarterman, & L. Thibault (Eds.), Contemporary Sport Management (3rd ed., pp. 193–217).
Buning, R. J. & Gibson, H. J. (2016). The role of travel conditions in cycling tourism: implications for destination and event management. Journal of Sport and Tourism, 20(3–4), 175–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2016.1155474
Chen, N. & Funk, D. C. (2010). Exploring destination image, experience and revisit intention: A comparison of sport and non-sport tourist perceptions. Journal of Sport and Tourism, 15(3), 239–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2010.513148
De Knop, P. (2004). Total quality is a new issue in sport tourism policy. Journal of Sport and Tourism, 9(4), 303–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/1477508052000341832
Djohan, M. I., Hazisma, S. & Fitiansyah, Y. D. (2021). Analysis of sport tourism development on tourism attractions in Lubuk Linggau, South Sumatra. Journal Hotspot, 1(1), 35–45.
Draper, J., Thomas, L. Y. & Fenich, G. (2017). Event management research over the past 12 years?: What are the current trends in research methods, data collection, data analysis procedures, and event types?? Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 0(0), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/15470148.2017.1404533
Edwards, W. & Barron, F. H. (1994). SMARTS and SMARTER: Improved simple methods for multiattribute utility measurement. Organizational Behavior and Decision Processes, 60, 306–325.
Ferreira, M. & Armstrong, K. L. (2004a). An exploratory examination of attributes influencing students’ decisions to attend college sports events. Sport MarHetIng Quarterly, 13(September), 194–208.
Ferreira, M. & Armstrong, K. L. (2004b). An Exploratory Examination of Attributes Influencing Students’ Decisions to Attend College Sport Events. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 13(September), 194–208.
Fricker, R. D. (2016). Sampling methods for online surveys. In The SAGE Handbook of Online Research Methods (pp. 184–202). SAGE Publications Ltd.
Gibson, H. J. (1998). Sport Tourism: A Critical Analysis of Research. Sport Management Review, 1(1), 45–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1441-3523 (98)70099-3
Greenwell, T. C., Fink, J. S. & Pastore, D. L. (2002). Assessing the Influence of the Physical Sports Facility on Customer Satisfaction within the Context of the Service Experience. Sport Management Review, 5(2), 129–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1441-3523(02)70064-8
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M. & Thiele, K. O. (2017). Mirror, mirror on the wall: a comparative evaluation of composite-based structural equation modeling methods. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(5), 616–632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-017-0517-x
Hallmann, K., Zehrer, A. & Müller, S. (2015). Perceived Destination Image: An Image Model for a Winter Sports Destination and Its Effect on Intention to Revisit. Journal of Travel Research, 54(1), 94–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513513161
Hamdan, N. S. & Yusof, A. (2014). Determining Demographic Profiles and Tourists’ Motives for Visiting Langkawi Island. Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur Research Journal, 2(1), 96–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1013-7025(09)70018-1
Hemmatinezhad, M. A., Nia, F. R. & Kalar, A. M. (2010). The study of effective factors on the motivation of tourists participating in sports events. Ovidius University Annals, Series Physical Education & Sport/Science, Movement & Health, 10(2), 356–361.
Hemmatinezhad, Mehr Ali, Nia, F. R. & Kalar, A. M. (2010). The study of effective factors on the motivation of tourists participating in sports events. Ovidius University Annals, Series Physical Education and Sport/Science, Movement and Health, 10(2), 356–362. https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&issn=2285777X&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA234713631&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=fulltext
Hikmahana, D. & Razak, A. (2017). Sporting event attributes and behavioral intention: Mediating effect of the destination image. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts, 9(2), 59–74.
Jahrami, H., Al-mutarid, M., Penson, P. E., Faris, M. A., Saif, Z. & Hammad, L. (2020). Mental Health Status among University Students. MDPI, 1–12.
Jönsson, C. & Lewis, C. (2014). Impacts of Hosting a Sports Event in Tourism High Season. The Play of Time in Sports, 5(1).
Kaplanidou, K. & Vogt, C. (2007). The interrelationship between sports events and destination image and sports tourists’ behaviors. Journal of Sport and Tourism, 12(3–4), 183–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775080701736932
Kapur, R. (2018). (PDF) The Significance of Sports Tourism. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328412942_The_Significance_of_Sports_Tourism
Kersuli?, A., Peri?, M. & Wise, N. (2020). Assessing and considering the wider impacts of sport-tourism events: A research agenda review of sustainability and strategic planning elements. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114473
Khan, M. J., Chelliah, S. & Ahmed, S. (2017). Factors influencing destination image and visit intention among young women travelers: role of travel motivation, perceived risks, and travel constraints. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 22(11), 1139–1155. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2017.1374985
Kruger, M. & Viljoen, A. (2019). Destination vs. event attributes?: Enduring spectators ’ loyalty. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 0(0), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/15470148.2019.1691696
Leiper, N. (1990). Tourist attraction systems. Annals of Tourism Research, 17(3), 367–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(90)90004-B
Lewis, J. L. & Sheppard, S. R. J. (2006). Culture and communication: Can landscape visualization improve forest management consultation with indigenous communities? Landscape and Urban Planning, 77(3), 291–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2005.04.004
Liu, D. & Wilson, R. (2014). The negative impacts of hosting mega-sporting events and intention to travel: a test of the crowding-out effect using the London 2012 Games as an example. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 15(3), 12–26. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-15-03-2014-B003
Malhotra, N. K., Nunan, D. & Birks, D. F. (2017). Marketing research: An applied approach. Pearson Education Limited.
Munirah Kamarudin, L., Azyan Raihan Abd Aziz Asmahany Ramely, N., M, K. L. & A, R. A. A. N. (2021). Understanding Crowd Management in Sports Events: A Preliminary Study. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts, 14(1), 393–410.
Newland, B. L. & Aicher, T. J. (2018). Exploring sport participants ’ event and destination choices. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 0(0), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2018.1436464
Newland, B. L. & Yoo, J. J. E. (2020). Active sport event participants’ behavioral intentions: Leveraging outcomes for future attendance and visitation. Journal of Vacation Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766720948249
Newland, B. L. & Yoo, J. J. E. (2021). Active sport event participants’ behavioral intentions: Leveraging outcomes for future attendance and visitation. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 27(1), 32–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766720948249
Njoroge, J. M., Atieno, L. & Do Nascimento, D. V. (2017). Sports tourism and perceived socio-economic impact in Kenya: The case of Machakos County. Tourism and Hospitality Management, 23(2), 195–217. https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.23.2.9
Sarstedt, M. (2019). Revisiting Hair Et al.’s Multivariate Data Analysis: 40 Years Later. In The Great Facilitator, Reflections on the Contributions of Joseph F. Hair, Jr. to Marketing and Business Research (Issue May, p. 113). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06031-2
Schofield, J. A. (1983). Performance and attendance at professional team sports. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 6(4), 196–206.
Sharma, G. (2017). Pros and cons of different sampling techniques. International Journal of Applied Research, 3(7), 749–752. www.allresearchjournal.com
Shonk, D. J. & Chelladural, P. (2008). Service quality, satisfaction, and intent to return to event sport tourism. Journal of Sport Management, 22(5), 587–602. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.22.5.587
Smith, A. (2012). Introduction to sports marketing. Routledge.
Stanton, J. M. (1998). An empirical assessment of data collection using the Internet. Personnel Psychology, 51(3), 709–725. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1998.tb00259.x
UNWTO. (2023). Sports Tourism | UNWTO. https://www.unwto.org/sport-tourism
Van Selm, M. & Jankowski, N. W. (2006). Conducting online surveys. In Quality and Quantity, 40(3), 435–456. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-005-8081-8
Williams, A. T., Rangel-Buitrago, N. G., Anfuso, G., Cervantes, O. & Botero, C. M. (2016). Litter impacts and tourism on the Colombian north Caribbean coast. Tourism Management, 55, 209–224.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.02.008
Zarei, A., Holmes, K. & Bin Yusof, A. (2018). Sports event attributes influencing sport tourists’ attendance at sepak takraw event. Event Management, 22(5), 675–691.
https://doi.org/10.3727/152599518X15299559637626
Zarei, A. & Ramkissoon, H. (2020). Sport Tourists’ Preferred Event Attributes and Motives: A Case of Sepak Takraw, Malaysia. In Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348020913091.
Alpert, M. I. (1971). Identification of Determinant Attributes. Journal of Marketing Research, 8(May), 184–191.
Bagozzi, R. P., Rosa, J. A., Celly, K. S. & Coronel, F. (1998). Marketing management. Prentice Hall.
Bernard, H. R. (2017). Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Rowman & Littlefield.
Blann, F. W. & Armstrong, K. L. (2007). Sports marketing. In J. B. Parks, J. Quarterman, & L. Thibault (Eds.), Contemporary Sport Management (3rd ed., pp. 193–217).
Buning, R. J. & Gibson, H. J. (2016). The role of travel conditions in cycling tourism: implications for destination and event management. Journal of Sport and Tourism, 20(3–4), 175–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2016.1155474
Chen, N. & Funk, D. C. (2010). Exploring destination image, experience and revisit intention: A comparison of sport and non-sport tourist perceptions. Journal of Sport and Tourism, 15(3), 239–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2010.513148
De Knop, P. (2004). Total quality is a new issue in sport tourism policy. Journal of Sport and Tourism, 9(4), 303–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/1477508052000341832
Djohan, M. I., Hazisma, S. & Fitiansyah, Y. D. (2021). Analysis of sport tourism development on tourism attractions in Lubuk Linggau, South Sumatra. Journal Hotspot, 1(1), 35–45.
Draper, J., Thomas, L. Y. & Fenich, G. (2017). Event management research over the past 12 years?: What are the current trends in research methods, data collection, data analysis procedures, and event types?? Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 0(0), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/15470148.2017.1404533
Edwards, W. & Barron, F. H. (1994). SMARTS and SMARTER: Improved simple methods for multiattribute utility measurement. Organizational Behavior and Decision Processes, 60, 306–325.
Ferreira, M. & Armstrong, K. L. (2004a). An exploratory examination of attributes influencing students’ decisions to attend college sports events. Sport MarHetIng Quarterly, 13(September), 194–208.
Ferreira, M. & Armstrong, K. L. (2004b). An Exploratory Examination of Attributes Influencing Students’ Decisions to Attend College Sport Events. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 13(September), 194–208.
Fricker, R. D. (2016). Sampling methods for online surveys. In The SAGE Handbook of Online Research Methods (pp. 184–202). SAGE Publications Ltd.
Gibson, H. J. (1998). Sport Tourism: A Critical Analysis of Research. Sport Management Review, 1(1), 45–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1441-3523 (98)70099-3
Greenwell, T. C., Fink, J. S. & Pastore, D. L. (2002). Assessing the Influence of the Physical Sports Facility on Customer Satisfaction within the Context of the Service Experience. Sport Management Review, 5(2), 129–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1441-3523(02)70064-8
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M. & Thiele, K. O. (2017). Mirror, mirror on the wall: a comparative evaluation of composite-based structural equation modeling methods. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(5), 616–632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-017-0517-x
Hallmann, K., Zehrer, A. & Müller, S. (2015). Perceived Destination Image: An Image Model for a Winter Sports Destination and Its Effect on Intention to Revisit. Journal of Travel Research, 54(1), 94–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513513161
Hamdan, N. S. & Yusof, A. (2014). Determining Demographic Profiles and Tourists’ Motives for Visiting Langkawi Island. Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur Research Journal, 2(1), 96–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1013-7025(09)70018-1
Hemmatinezhad, M. A., Nia, F. R. & Kalar, A. M. (2010). The study of effective factors on the motivation of tourists participating in sports events. Ovidius University Annals, Series Physical Education & Sport/Science, Movement & Health, 10(2), 356–361.
Hemmatinezhad, Mehr Ali, Nia, F. R. & Kalar, A. M. (2010). The study of effective factors on the motivation of tourists participating in sports events. Ovidius University Annals, Series Physical Education and Sport/Science, Movement and Health, 10(2), 356–362. https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&issn=2285777X&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA234713631&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=fulltext
Hikmahana, D. & Razak, A. (2017). Sporting event attributes and behavioral intention: Mediating effect of the destination image. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts, 9(2), 59–74.
Jahrami, H., Al-mutarid, M., Penson, P. E., Faris, M. A., Saif, Z. & Hammad, L. (2020). Mental Health Status among University Students. MDPI, 1–12.
Jönsson, C. & Lewis, C. (2014). Impacts of Hosting a Sports Event in Tourism High Season. The Play of Time in Sports, 5(1).
Kaplanidou, K. & Vogt, C. (2007). The interrelationship between sports events and destination image and sports tourists’ behaviors. Journal of Sport and Tourism, 12(3–4), 183–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775080701736932
Kapur, R. (2018). (PDF) The Significance of Sports Tourism. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328412942_The_Significance_of_Sports_Tourism
Kersuli?, A., Peri?, M. & Wise, N. (2020). Assessing and considering the wider impacts of sport-tourism events: A research agenda review of sustainability and strategic planning elements. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114473
Khan, M. J., Chelliah, S. & Ahmed, S. (2017). Factors influencing destination image and visit intention among young women travelers: role of travel motivation, perceived risks, and travel constraints. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 22(11), 1139–1155. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2017.1374985
Kruger, M. & Viljoen, A. (2019). Destination vs. event attributes?: Enduring spectators ’ loyalty. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 0(0), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/15470148.2019.1691696
Leiper, N. (1990). Tourist attraction systems. Annals of Tourism Research, 17(3), 367–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(90)90004-B
Lewis, J. L. & Sheppard, S. R. J. (2006). Culture and communication: Can landscape visualization improve forest management consultation with indigenous communities? Landscape and Urban Planning, 77(3), 291–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2005.04.004
Liu, D. & Wilson, R. (2014). The negative impacts of hosting mega-sporting events and intention to travel: a test of the crowding-out effect using the London 2012 Games as an example. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 15(3), 12–26. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-15-03-2014-B003
Malhotra, N. K., Nunan, D. & Birks, D. F. (2017). Marketing research: An applied approach. Pearson Education Limited.
Munirah Kamarudin, L., Azyan Raihan Abd Aziz Asmahany Ramely, N., M, K. L. & A, R. A. A. N. (2021). Understanding Crowd Management in Sports Events: A Preliminary Study. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts, 14(1), 393–410.
Newland, B. L. & Aicher, T. J. (2018). Exploring sport participants ’ event and destination choices. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 0(0), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2018.1436464
Newland, B. L. & Yoo, J. J. E. (2020). Active sport event participants’ behavioral intentions: Leveraging outcomes for future attendance and visitation. Journal of Vacation Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766720948249
Newland, B. L. & Yoo, J. J. E. (2021). Active sport event participants’ behavioral intentions: Leveraging outcomes for future attendance and visitation. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 27(1), 32–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766720948249
Njoroge, J. M., Atieno, L. & Do Nascimento, D. V. (2017). Sports tourism and perceived socio-economic impact in Kenya: The case of Machakos County. Tourism and Hospitality Management, 23(2), 195–217. https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.23.2.9
Sarstedt, M. (2019). Revisiting Hair Et al.’s Multivariate Data Analysis: 40 Years Later. In The Great Facilitator, Reflections on the Contributions of Joseph F. Hair, Jr. to Marketing and Business Research (Issue May, p. 113). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06031-2
Schofield, J. A. (1983). Performance and attendance at professional team sports. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 6(4), 196–206.
Sharma, G. (2017). Pros and cons of different sampling techniques. International Journal of Applied Research, 3(7), 749–752. www.allresearchjournal.com
Shonk, D. J. & Chelladural, P. (2008). Service quality, satisfaction, and intent to return to event sport tourism. Journal of Sport Management, 22(5), 587–602. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.22.5.587
Smith, A. (2012). Introduction to sports marketing. Routledge.
Stanton, J. M. (1998). An empirical assessment of data collection using the Internet. Personnel Psychology, 51(3), 709–725. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1998.tb00259.x
UNWTO. (2023). Sports Tourism | UNWTO. https://www.unwto.org/sport-tourism
Van Selm, M. & Jankowski, N. W. (2006). Conducting online surveys. In Quality and Quantity, 40(3), 435–456. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-005-8081-8
Williams, A. T., Rangel-Buitrago, N. G., Anfuso, G., Cervantes, O. & Botero, C. M. (2016). Litter impacts and tourism on the Colombian north Caribbean coast. Tourism Management, 55, 209–224.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.02.008
Zarei, A., Holmes, K. & Bin Yusof, A. (2018). Sports event attributes influencing sport tourists’ attendance at sepak takraw event. Event Management, 22(5), 675–691.
https://doi.org/10.3727/152599518X15299559637626
Zarei, A. & Ramkissoon, H. (2020). Sport Tourists’ Preferred Event Attributes and Motives: A Case of Sepak Takraw, Malaysia. In Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348020913091.
Published
2023-09-17
How to Cite
Abdul Ghani, W. S. binti W., Jamaluddin, R., & Mohd Khir, M. (2023). Preferred Sporting Tourism Events Attributes among Sports Tourists. Information Management and Business Review, 15(3(SI), 187-196. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v15i3(SI).3471
Issue
Section
Research Paper
Copyright (c) 2023 Wan Soraya binti Wan Abdul Ghani, Raziff Jamaluddin, Masrur Mohd Khir
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Author (s) should affirm that the material has not been published previously. It has not been submitted and it is not under consideration by any other journal. At the same time author (s) need to execute a publication permission agreement to assume the responsibility of the submitted content and any omissions and errors therein. After submission of revised paper in the light of suggestions of the reviewers, the editorial team edits and formats manuscripts to bring uniformity and standardization in published material.
This work will be licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) and under condition of the license, users are free to read, copy, remix, transform, redistribute, download, print, search or link to the full texts of articles and even build upon their work as long as they credit the author for the original work. Moreover, as per journal policy author (s) hold and retain copyrights without any restrictions.
