Exploring the Nexus of Work-Life Balance Sub-Factors and Job Satisfaction: A Study on Executives in the Commercial Banking Sector
Keywords:
Work-life balance, job satisfaction, flexible work arrangements, organizational culture and motivation
Abstract
This research paper aims to investigate the relationship between work-life balance and job satisfaction among executives in the commercial banking sector. The study considers three sub-factors of work-life balance, namely flexible work arrangements, organizational culture, and motivation, to analyze their impact on employee job satisfaction. Questionnaires were distributed to executives in a commercial bank located in Johor Bahru, resulting in 213 responses. The collected data confirmed the relationship between the examined constructs and provided support for the hypothesized relationships of work-life balance sub-factors with job satisfaction. The study emphasizes the importance of analyzing and enhancing work-life balance through flexible working arrangements, motivation, and organizational culture to promote job satisfaction and maximize human capital resources within organizations. The outcomes of this study can serve as a benchmark for management seeking to improve job satisfaction levels among employees. Notably, while previous research has explored work-life balance, limited attention has been given to its subtopics and their impact on job satisfaction within commercial banks. This study addresses these gaps in understanding and provides valuable insights into work-life balance and job satisfaction in the banking sector.
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References
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Chigeda, F., Ndofirepi, T. M. & Steyn, R. (2022). Continuance in organizational commitment: The role of emotional intelligence, work?life balance support, and work?related stress. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 42(1), 22-38.
Cohen, J. (1988). Set correlation and contingency tables. Applied Psychological Measurement, 12(4), 425-434.
Colwell, S. R., Aung, M., Kanetkar, V. & Holden, A. L. (2008). Toward a measure of service convenience: Multiple-item scale development and empirical test. Journal of Services Marketing, 22(2), 160-169. https://doi.org/10.1108/08876040810862895
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Dunnette, M. D. & Herzberg, F. (1967). Work and the nature of man. Administrative Science Quarterly, 12(1), 170. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391218
Emslie, C. & Hunt, K. (2009). ‘Live to work’ or ‘work to live’? A qualitative study of gender and work-life balance among men and women in mid-life. Gender, Work & Organization, 16(1), 151–172. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0432.2008.00434.x
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Gariety, B. S. & Shaffer, S. (2001, March). Wage differentials associated with Flextime - Bureau of Labor Statistics. Monthly Labor Review. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2001/03/art4full.pdf
Gholipour, A., Bod, M., Zehtabi, M., Pirannejad, A. & Kozekanan, S. F. (2010). The feasibility of job sharing as a mechanism to balance work and life of female entrepreneurs. International Business Research, 3(3), 133. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v3n3p133
Gu, Z. & Chi Sen Siu, R. (2009). Drivers of job satisfaction as related to work performance in Macao casino hotels. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 21(5), 561-578. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110910967809
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Johnson, J. J. & McIntye, C. L. (1998). Organizational culture and climate correlates of job satisfaction. Psychological Reports, 82(3), 843–850. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.3.843
Kamal, M. Y. & Lukman, Z. M. (2017). The relationship between attracting talent and job satisfaction in selected public higher learning institutions. International Journal of Management Research and Reviews, 7(4), 444.
Karin Andreassi, J., Lawter, L., Brockerhoff, M. & J. Rutigliano, P. (2014). Cultural impact of human resource practices on job satisfaction. Cross Cultural Management, 21(1), 55–77. https://doi.org/10.1108/ccm-05-2012-0044
Keith, D. W. J. & Newsto, J. W. (1981). Human behavior at work: Organizational behavior. McGraw-Hill.
Krejcie, R. V. & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
Lund, D. B. (2003). Organizational culture and job satisfaction. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 18(3), 219-236.
MacIntosh, E. W. & Doherty, A. (2010). The influence of organizational culture on job satisfaction and intention to leave. Sport Management Review, 13(2), 106–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2009.04.006
Mansor, M. & Idris, A. (2015). Employee retention in the Malaysian banking industry: Do flexible practices work? South African Journal of Business Management, 46(1), 1-9.
Muchiti, E. & Gachunga, H. (2015). Influence of work-life balance on employee productivity in Kenya: A case of Milimani Law Courts Nairobi. Strategic Journal of Business and Change Management, 2(48), 1-20. https://strategicjournals.com/index.php/journal/article/view/2330
Naim, M. F. & Lenka, U. (2018). Development and retention of Generation Y employees: A conceptual framework. Employee Relations, 40, 433-455. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-09-2016-0172
Nwobia, I. E. & Aljohani, M. S. (2017). The effect of job dissatisfaction and workplace bullying on turnover intention: Organization climate and group cohesion as moderators. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 9(3), 136. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v9n3p136
Olmsted, B. & Smith, S. (1994). Creating a flexible workplace: How to select and manage alternative work options (2nd ed.). AMACOM. https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.32-5750
Pool, S. W. (1997). The relationship of job satisfaction with substitutes of leadership, leadership behavior, and work motivation. The Journal of Psychology, 131(3), 271–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223989709603514
Rashid, N. M., Sah, N. F. M., Ariffin, N. M., Ghani, W. S. W. A. & Yunus, N. S. N. M. (2016). The influence of bank’s frontlines’ personality traits on job performance. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)30094-6
Renee Baptiste, N. (2008). Tightening the link between employee wellbeing at work and performance. Management Decision, 46(2), 284–309. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740810854168
Roberts, H. E. & Foti, R. J. (1998). Evaluating the interaction between self-leadership and work structure in predicting job satisfaction. Journal of Business and Psychology, 12, 257-267.
Saim, M. A. S. M., Rashid, W. E. W. & Ma’on, S. N. (2021). Technostress Creator And Work Life Balance: A Systematic Literature Review. Romanian Journal of Information Technology & Automatic Control/Revista Român? de Informatic? ?i Automatic?, 31(1).
Scandura, T. & Lankau, M. J. (1997). Relationships of gender, family responsibility and flexible work hours to organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18(4), 377–391. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1379(199707)18:4<377::aid-job807>3.0.co;2-1
Singhapakdi, A., Lee, D. J., Sirgy, M. J. & Senasu, K. (2015). The impact of incongruity between an organization’s CSR orientation and its employees’ CSR orientation on employees’ quality of work life. Journal of Business Research, 68(1), 60–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.05.007
Slimane, N. S. B. (2017). Motivation and job satisfaction of pharmacists in four hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Health Management, 19(1), 39–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972063416682559
Smith, K. T., Smith, L. M. & Brower, T. R. (2016). How work-life balance, job performance, and ethics connect: Perspectives of current and future accountants. Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting, 20(2), 219–238. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1574-076520160000020008
Sørensen, J. B. (2002). The strength of corporate culture and the reliability of firm performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47(1), 70–91. https://doi.org/10.2307/3094891
Stringer, C., Didham, J. & Theivananthampillai, P. (2011). Motivation, pay satisfaction, and job satisfaction of front-line employees. Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 8(2), 161-179.
Strong, R. & Harder, A. (2009). Implications of maintenance and motivation factors on Extension agent turnover. Journal of Extension, 47(1), 1-8.
Sundram, V. P. K., Chandran, V. G. R. & Bhatti, M. A. (2016). Supply chain practices and performance: The indirect effects of supply chain integration. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 23(6), 1445-1471.
Tierney, W. G. & Schein, E. H. (1986). Organizational culture and leadership. The Academy of Management Review, 11(3), 677. https://doi.org/10.2307/258322
Towers, I., Duxbury, L., Higgins, C. & Thomas, J. (2006). Time thieves and space invaders: Technology, work and the organization. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 19(5), 593-618.
Udo, G. J. & Udoka, S. J. (1992). Network management: A critical success factor for implementing computer-integrated manufacturing. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 23(1-4), 409–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-8352(92)90148-d
Vyas, A., & Shrivastava, D. (2017). Factors affecting work-life balance: A review. Pacific Business Review International, 9(7), 194-200.
Yafang Tsai, Shih-Wang Wu. & Hsien-Jui Chung. (2009). The exploration of the relationship between organizational culture and style of leadership. In 2009 6th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management. https://doi.org/10.1109/icsssm.2009.5174951
Zheng, C., Molineux, J., Mirshekary, S. & Scarparo, S. (2015). Developing individual and organizational work-life balance strategies to improve employee health & well-being. Employee Relations, 37(3), 354-379.
Alderfer, C. P., Porter, L. W. & Lawler, E. E. (1968). Managerial attitudes and performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 13(1), 177. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391269
Alvesson, M. (2012). Understanding Organizational Culture (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications Ltd.
Bacon, N. & Blyton, P. (2006). The effects of co-operating or conflicting over work restructuring: Evidence from employees. The Sociological Review, 54(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.2006.00599.x
Battisti, M. & Vallanti, G. (2013). Flexible wage contracts, temporary jobs, and firm performance: Evidence from Italian firms. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 52(3), 737–764. https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.12031
Beardwell, J. & Thompson, A. (2017). Human Resource Management: A contemporary approach. Pearson Education.
Behery, M., Paton, R. A. & Hussain, R. (2012). Psychological contract and organizational commitment: The mediating effect of transformational leadership. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 22(4), 299-319.
Berkowitz, B. & Clark, P. (2014, January 20). The health hazard of sitting. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/apps/g/page/national/the-health-hazards-of-sitting/750/
Chigeda, F., Ndofirepi, T. M. & Steyn, R. (2022). Continuance in organizational commitment: The role of emotional intelligence, work?life balance support, and work?related stress. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 42(1), 22-38.
Cohen, J. (1988). Set correlation and contingency tables. Applied Psychological Measurement, 12(4), 425-434.
Colwell, S. R., Aung, M., Kanetkar, V. & Holden, A. L. (2008). Toward a measure of service convenience: Multiple-item scale development and empirical test. Journal of Services Marketing, 22(2), 160-169. https://doi.org/10.1108/08876040810862895
Dhamija, P., Gupta, S. & Bag, S. (2019). Measuring of job satisfaction: The use of quality of work life factors. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 26(3), 871–892. https://doi.org/10.1108/bij-06-2018-0155
Dunnette, M. D. & Herzberg, F. (1967). Work and the nature of man. Administrative Science Quarterly, 12(1), 170. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391218
Emslie, C. & Hunt, K. (2009). ‘Live to work’ or ‘work to live’? A qualitative study of gender and work-life balance among men and women in mid-life. Gender, Work & Organization, 16(1), 151–172. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0432.2008.00434.x
Fleischer, N. L., Merialdi, M., van Donkelaar, A., Vadillo-Ortega, F., Martin, R. V., Betran, A. P. & Marie S. O´ Neill. (2014). Outdoor air pollution, preterm birth, and low birth weight: Analysis of the World Health Organization global survey on maternal and perinatal health. Environmental Health Perspectives, 122(4), 425-430.
Gariety, B. S. & Shaffer, S. (2001, March). Wage differentials associated with Flextime - Bureau of Labor Statistics. Monthly Labor Review. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2001/03/art4full.pdf
Gholipour, A., Bod, M., Zehtabi, M., Pirannejad, A. & Kozekanan, S. F. (2010). The feasibility of job sharing as a mechanism to balance work and life of female entrepreneurs. International Business Research, 3(3), 133. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v3n3p133
Gu, Z. & Chi Sen Siu, R. (2009). Drivers of job satisfaction as related to work performance in Macao casino hotels. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 21(5), 561-578. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110910967809
Igwe, A., Onwumere, J. U. J. & Egbo, O. P. (2014). Effective human resource management as a tool for organizational success. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(39). https://doi.org/https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/view/18837/19159
Jaharuddin, N. S. & Zainol, L. N. (2019). The impact of work-life balance on job engagement and turnover intention. The South East Asian Journal of Management, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.21002/seam.v13i1.10912
Johnson, J. J. & McIntye, C. L. (1998). Organizational culture and climate correlates of job satisfaction. Psychological Reports, 82(3), 843–850. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.3.843
Kamal, M. Y. & Lukman, Z. M. (2017). The relationship between attracting talent and job satisfaction in selected public higher learning institutions. International Journal of Management Research and Reviews, 7(4), 444.
Karin Andreassi, J., Lawter, L., Brockerhoff, M. & J. Rutigliano, P. (2014). Cultural impact of human resource practices on job satisfaction. Cross Cultural Management, 21(1), 55–77. https://doi.org/10.1108/ccm-05-2012-0044
Keith, D. W. J. & Newsto, J. W. (1981). Human behavior at work: Organizational behavior. McGraw-Hill.
Krejcie, R. V. & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
Lund, D. B. (2003). Organizational culture and job satisfaction. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 18(3), 219-236.
MacIntosh, E. W. & Doherty, A. (2010). The influence of organizational culture on job satisfaction and intention to leave. Sport Management Review, 13(2), 106–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2009.04.006
Mansor, M. & Idris, A. (2015). Employee retention in the Malaysian banking industry: Do flexible practices work? South African Journal of Business Management, 46(1), 1-9.
Muchiti, E. & Gachunga, H. (2015). Influence of work-life balance on employee productivity in Kenya: A case of Milimani Law Courts Nairobi. Strategic Journal of Business and Change Management, 2(48), 1-20. https://strategicjournals.com/index.php/journal/article/view/2330
Naim, M. F. & Lenka, U. (2018). Development and retention of Generation Y employees: A conceptual framework. Employee Relations, 40, 433-455. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-09-2016-0172
Nwobia, I. E. & Aljohani, M. S. (2017). The effect of job dissatisfaction and workplace bullying on turnover intention: Organization climate and group cohesion as moderators. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 9(3), 136. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v9n3p136
Olmsted, B. & Smith, S. (1994). Creating a flexible workplace: How to select and manage alternative work options (2nd ed.). AMACOM. https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.32-5750
Pool, S. W. (1997). The relationship of job satisfaction with substitutes of leadership, leadership behavior, and work motivation. The Journal of Psychology, 131(3), 271–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223989709603514
Rashid, N. M., Sah, N. F. M., Ariffin, N. M., Ghani, W. S. W. A. & Yunus, N. S. N. M. (2016). The influence of bank’s frontlines’ personality traits on job performance. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)30094-6
Renee Baptiste, N. (2008). Tightening the link between employee wellbeing at work and performance. Management Decision, 46(2), 284–309. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740810854168
Roberts, H. E. & Foti, R. J. (1998). Evaluating the interaction between self-leadership and work structure in predicting job satisfaction. Journal of Business and Psychology, 12, 257-267.
Saim, M. A. S. M., Rashid, W. E. W. & Ma’on, S. N. (2021). Technostress Creator And Work Life Balance: A Systematic Literature Review. Romanian Journal of Information Technology & Automatic Control/Revista Român? de Informatic? ?i Automatic?, 31(1).
Scandura, T. & Lankau, M. J. (1997). Relationships of gender, family responsibility and flexible work hours to organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18(4), 377–391. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1379(199707)18:4<377::aid-job807>3.0.co;2-1
Singhapakdi, A., Lee, D. J., Sirgy, M. J. & Senasu, K. (2015). The impact of incongruity between an organization’s CSR orientation and its employees’ CSR orientation on employees’ quality of work life. Journal of Business Research, 68(1), 60–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.05.007
Slimane, N. S. B. (2017). Motivation and job satisfaction of pharmacists in four hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Health Management, 19(1), 39–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972063416682559
Smith, K. T., Smith, L. M. & Brower, T. R. (2016). How work-life balance, job performance, and ethics connect: Perspectives of current and future accountants. Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting, 20(2), 219–238. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1574-076520160000020008
Sørensen, J. B. (2002). The strength of corporate culture and the reliability of firm performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47(1), 70–91. https://doi.org/10.2307/3094891
Stringer, C., Didham, J. & Theivananthampillai, P. (2011). Motivation, pay satisfaction, and job satisfaction of front-line employees. Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 8(2), 161-179.
Strong, R. & Harder, A. (2009). Implications of maintenance and motivation factors on Extension agent turnover. Journal of Extension, 47(1), 1-8.
Sundram, V. P. K., Chandran, V. G. R. & Bhatti, M. A. (2016). Supply chain practices and performance: The indirect effects of supply chain integration. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 23(6), 1445-1471.
Tierney, W. G. & Schein, E. H. (1986). Organizational culture and leadership. The Academy of Management Review, 11(3), 677. https://doi.org/10.2307/258322
Towers, I., Duxbury, L., Higgins, C. & Thomas, J. (2006). Time thieves and space invaders: Technology, work and the organization. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 19(5), 593-618.
Udo, G. J. & Udoka, S. J. (1992). Network management: A critical success factor for implementing computer-integrated manufacturing. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 23(1-4), 409–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-8352(92)90148-d
Vyas, A., & Shrivastava, D. (2017). Factors affecting work-life balance: A review. Pacific Business Review International, 9(7), 194-200.
Yafang Tsai, Shih-Wang Wu. & Hsien-Jui Chung. (2009). The exploration of the relationship between organizational culture and style of leadership. In 2009 6th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management. https://doi.org/10.1109/icsssm.2009.5174951
Zheng, C., Molineux, J., Mirshekary, S. & Scarparo, S. (2015). Developing individual and organizational work-life balance strategies to improve employee health & well-being. Employee Relations, 37(3), 354-379.
Published
2023-09-17
How to Cite
Miswadi, N., & Mansor, A. A. (2023). Exploring the Nexus of Work-Life Balance Sub-Factors and Job Satisfaction: A Study on Executives in the Commercial Banking Sector. Information Management and Business Review, 15(3(SI), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v15i3(SI).3452
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Copyright (c) 2023 Nurasnida Miswadi, Aida Azlina Mansor
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