To Recycle e-Waste or Not: Understanding Consumers' Intention from the Lens of Behavioral Theories
Keywords:
e-waste recycling, theory of planned behavior, behavioral reasoning theory, attitude and intention of recycling, factors of recycling acceptance
Abstract
The study was conducted to explore and understand factors that determine consumers' intention to recycle e-waste from the lens of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Behavioral Reasoning Theory (BRT). A cross-sectional survey was designed and data was collected from 339 respondents who used an extensive number of electronic devices. The findings suggest positive attitudes towards recycling; social norms and perceived behavioral control are significant to the intention to recycle e-waste. In addition, attitude is explained by two determinants; reasons for recycling and environmental value. Finally, environmental value is also significant in explaining reasons for and reasons against recycling. The study is important for theoretical and managerial implications in describing consumers' acceptance of e-waste recycling by considering the values that promote the act, and the risks that prohibit them from acting positively. Likewise, the findings would help in building an impactful environmental protection regulation for the sustainability agenda.
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References
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Afroz, R., Muhibbullah, M., Farhana, P., & Morshed, M. N. (2020). Analyzing the intention of the households to drop off mobile phones to the collection boxes: empirical study in Malaysia. Ecofeminism and Climate Change, 1(1), 3-20.
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Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1975). A Bayesian analysis of attribution processes. Psychological Bulletin, 82(2), 261.
Ajzen, I. (1971). Attitudinal vs. normative messages: An investigation of the differential effects of persuasive communications on behavior. Sociometry, 263-280.
Albert, B., Tullis, T., & Tedesco, D. (2009). Beyond the usability lab: Conducting large-scale online user experience studies. Morgan Kaufmann.
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411.
Arain, A. L., Pummill, R., Adu-Brimpong, J., Becker, S., Green, M., Ilardi, M., ... & Neitzel, R. L. (2020). Analysis of e-waste recycling behavior based on survey at a Midwestern US University. Waste Management, 105, 119-127.
Arya, S., & Kumar, S. (2020). Bioleaching: urban mining option to curb the menace of E-waste challenge. Bioengineered, 11(1), 640–660.
Bagozzi, R. P., Yi, Y., & Phillips, L. W. (1991). Assessing construct validity in organizational research. Administrative science quarterly, 421-458.
Chin, W. W., Marcolin, B. L., & Newsted, P. R. (2003). A partial least squares latent variable modeling approach for measuring interaction effects: Results from a Monte Carlo simulation study and an electronic-mail emotion/adoption study. Information Systems Research, 14(2), 189–217.
Choi, H., Jang, J., & Kandampully, J. (2015). Application of the extended VBN theory to understand consumers’ decisions about green hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 51, 87–95.
Clark, C. F., Kotchen, M. J., & Moore, M. R. (2003). Internal and external influences on pro-environmental behavior: Participation in a green electricity program. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23(3), 237–246.
Claudy, M. C., Garcia, R., & O’Driscoll, A. (2015). Consumer resistance to innovation—a behavioral reasoning perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(4), 528–544.
Cohen, J. (1992). Statistical power analysis. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1(3), 98-101.
Co?kun, A., & Özbük, R. M. Y. (2020). What influences consumer food waste behavior in restaurants? An application of the extended theory of planned behavior. Waste Management, 117, 170–178.
De Fano, D., Schena, R., & Russo, A. (2022). Empowering plastic recycling: Empirical investigation on the influence of social media on consumer behavior. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 182, 106269.
Delcea, C., Cr?ciun, L., Ioan??, C., Ferruzzi, G., & Cotfas, L.-A. (2020). Determinants of Individuals’ E-Waste Recycling Decision: A Case Study from Romania. Sustainability, 12(7), 2753.
Dhir, A., Koshta, N., Goyal, R. K., Sakashita, M., & Almotairi, M. (2021). Behavioral reasoning theory (BRT) perspectives on E-waste recycling and management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 280, 124269.
Dunlap, R. E., & Jones, R. E. (2002). Environmental concern: Conceptual and measurement issues. Handbook of Environmental Sociology, 3(6), 482–524.
Echegaray, F., & Hansstein, F. V. (2017). Assessing the intention-behavior gap in electronic waste recycling: the case of Brazil. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 180–190.
Fayaz, S. M., Abdoli, M. A., Baghdadi, M., & Karbassi, A. (2022). Extraction of precious metals from electronic waste by using supercritical fluid technology. International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 29(1), 95-109
George, F., Mapa, M. T., & Dinggai, M. S. A. (2019). Preliminary Study on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Management by Households in the Kota Kinabalu City. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 286(1), 12023.
Gkargkavouzi, A., Halkos, G., & Matsiori, S. (2019). Environmental behavior in a private-sphere context: Integrating theories of planned behavior and value belief norm, self-identity and habit. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 148, 145–156.
Gold, A. H., Malhotra, A., & Segars, A. H. (2001). Knowledge management: An organizational capabilities perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 185–214.
Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). Factor Analysis (2nd Ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., & Thiele, K. O. (2017). Mirror, mirror on the wall: a comparative evaluation of composite-based structural equation modeling methods. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(5), 616–632.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135.
Ho, S. T., Tong, D. Y. K., Ahmed, E. M., & Lee, C. T. (2013). Factors influencing household electronic waste recycling intention. Advanced Materials Research, 622, 1686–1690.
Jiang, L., Zhang, J., Wang, H. H., Zhang, L., & He, K. (2018). The impact of psychological factors on farmers’ intentions to reuse agricultural biomass waste for carbon emission abatement. Journal of Cleaner Production, 189, 797–804.
Kaur, P., Dhir, A., Singh, N., Sahu, G., & Almotairi, M. (2020). An innovation resistance theory perspective on mobile payment solutions. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 55, 102059.
Khan, F., Ahmed, W., & Najmi, A. (2019). Understanding consumers’ behavior intentions towards dealing with the plastic waste: Perspective of a developing country. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 142, 49–58.
Kianpour, K., Jusoh, A., Mardani, A., Streimikiene, D., Cavallaro, F., Nor, K. M., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2017). Factors influencing consumers’ intention to return the end of life electronic products through reverse supply chain management for reuse, repair and recycling. Sustainability, 9(9), 1657.
Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. London: Guilford Publications.
Kumar, A. (2019). Exploring young adults’-waste recycling behavior using an extended theory of planned behavior model: A cross-cultural study. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 141, 378–389.
Kushwah, S., Dhir, A., & Sagar, M. (2019). Understanding consumer resistance to the consumption of organic food. A study of ethical consumption, purchasing, and choice behavior. Food Quality and Preference, 77, 1–14.
Lewandowsky, S., Cook, J., Fay, N., & Gignac, G. E. (2019). Science by social media: Attitudes towards climate change are mediated by perceived social consensus. Memory & Cognition, 47(8), 1445-1456.
Li, L., Yue, G., Xinquan, G., Yingmei, Y., Hua, C., Jianping, H., & Jian, Z. (2018). Exploring the residents’ intention to separate MSW in Beijing and understanding the reasons: An explanation by extended VBN theory. Sustainable Cities and Society, 37, 637–648.
Li, W., & Achal, V. (2020). Environmental and health impacts due to e-waste disposal in China–A review. Science of the Total Environment, 737, 139745.
Li, Y., Wang, X., Stafford, T., & Javadi Khasraghi, H. (2021). Green User Electronics Lifecycle Behavior and Planning Mechanisms. Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 906.
Liang, L. (2021). Perceptions of residents toward e-waste reuse and recycling in selected villages in Thailand, Vietnam, Japan, and China. International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 28(4), 506-520.
Liu, J., Bai, H., Zhang, Q., Jing, Q., & Xu, H. (2019). Why are obsolete mobile phones difficult to recycle in China? Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 141, 200–210.
Lo, A., King, B., & Mackenzie, M. (2020). Segmenting Chinese millennial restaurant customers: A lifestyle and health and environmental consciousness approach. Journal of China Tourism Research, 16(2), 183–213.
Mahat, H., Hashim, M., Nayan, N., Saleh, Y., & Norkhaidi, S. B. (2019). E-waste disposal awareness among the Malaysian community. Knowledge Management & E-Learning: An International Journal, 11(3), 393-408.
McClure, C., & Seock, Y. K. (2020). The role of involvement: Investigating the effect of brand's social media pages on consumer purchase intention. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 53, 101975.
Ngah, N. S. (2021). A Study on The Factors Influencing Waste Separation Among Households in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Technology Management, 3(4), 26–35.
Parajuly, K., Kuehr, R., Awasthi, A. K., Fitzpatrick, C., Lepawsky, J., Smith, E., Widmer, R., & Zeng, X. (2019). Future E-waste scenarios. StEP (Bonn), UNU ViE-SCYCLE (Bonn) & UNEP IETC (Osaka).
Paul, J., Modi, A., & Patel, J. (2016). Predicting green product consumption using theory of planned behavior and reasoned action. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 29, 123–134.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of applied psychology, 88(5), 879.
Rodrigues, A. C., Boscov, M. E., & Günther, W. M. (2020). Domestic flow of e-waste in São Paulo, Brazil: Characterization to support public policies. Waste Management, 102, 474-485.
Royal Mint to turn electronic waste into gold (2022). Monday 21 March 2022
Russell, S. V, Young, C. W., Unsworth, K. L., & Robinson, C. (2017). Bringing habits and emotions into food waste behavior. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 125, 107–114.
Sahu, A. K., Padhy, R. K., & Dhir, A. (2020). Envisioning the future of behavioral decision-making: A systematic literature review of behavioral reasoning theory. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 28(4), 145–159.
Shaharudin, M. R., Said, R., Hotrawaisaya, C., Nik Abdul Rashid, N. R., & Azman Perwira, N. F. S. (2020). Linking determinants of the youth’s intentions to dispose of portable e-waste with the proper disposal behavior in Malaysia. The Social Science Journal, 1-15.
Shittu, O. S., Williams, I. D., & Shaw, P. J. (2021). Global E-waste management: Can WEEE make a Difference? A review of e-waste trends, legislation, contemporary issues and future challenges. Waste Management, 120, 549-563.
Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., Abel, T., Guagnano, G. A., & Kalof, L. (1999). A value-belief-norm theory of support for social movements: The case of environmentalism. Human Ecology Review, 81–97.
Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., & Guagnano, G. A. (1998). A brief inventory of values. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 58(6), 984–1001.
Sulaiman, N., Chan, S. W., & Ong, Y. S. (2019). Factors influencing recycling intention among university students. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(8S), 336–340.
Tan, C. H., Ramayah, T., Yeap, J. A. L., & Ooi, S. K. (2017). Examining Residents’ Receptiveness towards E-waste Recycling in Penang, Malaysia. Global Business & Management Research, 9.
Tan, Q., Duan, H., Liu, L., Yang, J., & Li, J. (2018). Rethinking residential consumers’ behavior in discarding obsolete mobile phones in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 195, 1228–1236.
Tandon, A., Dhir, A., Kaur, P., Kushwah, S., & Salo, J. (2020). Behavioral reasoning perspectives on organic food purchase. Appetite, 154, 104786.
The Global e-Waste Monitor Report (2020). www.globalewaste.org
Tokyo 2020 the medals. https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/tokyo-2020/medal-design
Tong, X., Nikolic, I., Dijkhuizen, B., van den Hoven, M., Minderhoud, M., Wäckerlin, N., Wang, T., & Tao, D. (2018).0 Behavior change in post-consumer recycling: Applying agent-based modelling in social experiment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 187, 1006–1013.
Ursachi, G., Horodnic, I. A., & Zait, A. (2015). How reliable are measurement scales? External factors with indirect influence on reliability estimators. Procedia Economics and Finance, 20, 679–686.
Vanderploeg, J., & Lee, S.-E. (2019). Factors influencing pro-environmental behaviors in craft businesses. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 37(1), 51–65.
Wang, B., Ren, C., Dong, X., Zhang, B., & Wang, Z. (2019). Determinants shaping willingness towards online recycling behavior: An empirical study of household e-waste recycling in China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 143, 218–225.
Wang, Z., Guo, D., & Wang, X. (2016). Determinants of residents’-waste recycling behavior intentions: evidence from China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 137, 850–860.
Westaby, J. D. (2005). Behavioral reasoning theory: Identifying new linkages underlying intentions and behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 98(2), 97–120.
Zhang, B., Du, Z., Wang, B., & Wang, Z. (2019). Motivation and challenges for e-commerce in e-waste recycling under “Big data” context: a perspective from household willingness in China. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 144, 436–444.
Zhang, L., Geng, Y., Zhong, Y., Dong, H., & Liu, Z. (2019). A bibliometric analysis on waste electrical and electronic equipment research. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(21), 21098-21108.
Zhang, L., Ran, W., Jiang, S., Wu, H., & Yuan, Z. (2021). Understanding consumers’ behavior intention of recycling mobile phone through formal channels in China: The effect of privacy concern. Resources, Environment and Sustainability, 100027.
Afroz, R., Muhibbullah, M., Farhana, P., & Morshed, M. N. (2020). Analyzing the intention of the households to drop off mobile phones to the collection boxes: empirical study in Malaysia. Ecofeminism and Climate Change, 1(1), 3-20.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211.
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1975). A Bayesian analysis of attribution processes. Psychological Bulletin, 82(2), 261.
Ajzen, I. (1971). Attitudinal vs. normative messages: An investigation of the differential effects of persuasive communications on behavior. Sociometry, 263-280.
Albert, B., Tullis, T., & Tedesco, D. (2009). Beyond the usability lab: Conducting large-scale online user experience studies. Morgan Kaufmann.
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411.
Arain, A. L., Pummill, R., Adu-Brimpong, J., Becker, S., Green, M., Ilardi, M., ... & Neitzel, R. L. (2020). Analysis of e-waste recycling behavior based on survey at a Midwestern US University. Waste Management, 105, 119-127.
Arya, S., & Kumar, S. (2020). Bioleaching: urban mining option to curb the menace of E-waste challenge. Bioengineered, 11(1), 640–660.
Bagozzi, R. P., Yi, Y., & Phillips, L. W. (1991). Assessing construct validity in organizational research. Administrative science quarterly, 421-458.
Chin, W. W., Marcolin, B. L., & Newsted, P. R. (2003). A partial least squares latent variable modeling approach for measuring interaction effects: Results from a Monte Carlo simulation study and an electronic-mail emotion/adoption study. Information Systems Research, 14(2), 189–217.
Choi, H., Jang, J., & Kandampully, J. (2015). Application of the extended VBN theory to understand consumers’ decisions about green hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 51, 87–95.
Clark, C. F., Kotchen, M. J., & Moore, M. R. (2003). Internal and external influences on pro-environmental behavior: Participation in a green electricity program. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23(3), 237–246.
Claudy, M. C., Garcia, R., & O’Driscoll, A. (2015). Consumer resistance to innovation—a behavioral reasoning perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(4), 528–544.
Cohen, J. (1992). Statistical power analysis. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1(3), 98-101.
Co?kun, A., & Özbük, R. M. Y. (2020). What influences consumer food waste behavior in restaurants? An application of the extended theory of planned behavior. Waste Management, 117, 170–178.
De Fano, D., Schena, R., & Russo, A. (2022). Empowering plastic recycling: Empirical investigation on the influence of social media on consumer behavior. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 182, 106269.
Delcea, C., Cr?ciun, L., Ioan??, C., Ferruzzi, G., & Cotfas, L.-A. (2020). Determinants of Individuals’ E-Waste Recycling Decision: A Case Study from Romania. Sustainability, 12(7), 2753.
Dhir, A., Koshta, N., Goyal, R. K., Sakashita, M., & Almotairi, M. (2021). Behavioral reasoning theory (BRT) perspectives on E-waste recycling and management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 280, 124269.
Dunlap, R. E., & Jones, R. E. (2002). Environmental concern: Conceptual and measurement issues. Handbook of Environmental Sociology, 3(6), 482–524.
Echegaray, F., & Hansstein, F. V. (2017). Assessing the intention-behavior gap in electronic waste recycling: the case of Brazil. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 180–190.
Fayaz, S. M., Abdoli, M. A., Baghdadi, M., & Karbassi, A. (2022). Extraction of precious metals from electronic waste by using supercritical fluid technology. International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 29(1), 95-109
George, F., Mapa, M. T., & Dinggai, M. S. A. (2019). Preliminary Study on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Management by Households in the Kota Kinabalu City. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 286(1), 12023.
Gkargkavouzi, A., Halkos, G., & Matsiori, S. (2019). Environmental behavior in a private-sphere context: Integrating theories of planned behavior and value belief norm, self-identity and habit. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 148, 145–156.
Gold, A. H., Malhotra, A., & Segars, A. H. (2001). Knowledge management: An organizational capabilities perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 185–214.
Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). Factor Analysis (2nd Ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., & Thiele, K. O. (2017). Mirror, mirror on the wall: a comparative evaluation of composite-based structural equation modeling methods. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(5), 616–632.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135.
Ho, S. T., Tong, D. Y. K., Ahmed, E. M., & Lee, C. T. (2013). Factors influencing household electronic waste recycling intention. Advanced Materials Research, 622, 1686–1690.
Jiang, L., Zhang, J., Wang, H. H., Zhang, L., & He, K. (2018). The impact of psychological factors on farmers’ intentions to reuse agricultural biomass waste for carbon emission abatement. Journal of Cleaner Production, 189, 797–804.
Kaur, P., Dhir, A., Singh, N., Sahu, G., & Almotairi, M. (2020). An innovation resistance theory perspective on mobile payment solutions. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 55, 102059.
Khan, F., Ahmed, W., & Najmi, A. (2019). Understanding consumers’ behavior intentions towards dealing with the plastic waste: Perspective of a developing country. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 142, 49–58.
Kianpour, K., Jusoh, A., Mardani, A., Streimikiene, D., Cavallaro, F., Nor, K. M., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2017). Factors influencing consumers’ intention to return the end of life electronic products through reverse supply chain management for reuse, repair and recycling. Sustainability, 9(9), 1657.
Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. London: Guilford Publications.
Kumar, A. (2019). Exploring young adults’-waste recycling behavior using an extended theory of planned behavior model: A cross-cultural study. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 141, 378–389.
Kushwah, S., Dhir, A., & Sagar, M. (2019). Understanding consumer resistance to the consumption of organic food. A study of ethical consumption, purchasing, and choice behavior. Food Quality and Preference, 77, 1–14.
Lewandowsky, S., Cook, J., Fay, N., & Gignac, G. E. (2019). Science by social media: Attitudes towards climate change are mediated by perceived social consensus. Memory & Cognition, 47(8), 1445-1456.
Li, L., Yue, G., Xinquan, G., Yingmei, Y., Hua, C., Jianping, H., & Jian, Z. (2018). Exploring the residents’ intention to separate MSW in Beijing and understanding the reasons: An explanation by extended VBN theory. Sustainable Cities and Society, 37, 637–648.
Li, W., & Achal, V. (2020). Environmental and health impacts due to e-waste disposal in China–A review. Science of the Total Environment, 737, 139745.
Li, Y., Wang, X., Stafford, T., & Javadi Khasraghi, H. (2021). Green User Electronics Lifecycle Behavior and Planning Mechanisms. Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 906.
Liang, L. (2021). Perceptions of residents toward e-waste reuse and recycling in selected villages in Thailand, Vietnam, Japan, and China. International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 28(4), 506-520.
Liu, J., Bai, H., Zhang, Q., Jing, Q., & Xu, H. (2019). Why are obsolete mobile phones difficult to recycle in China? Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 141, 200–210.
Lo, A., King, B., & Mackenzie, M. (2020). Segmenting Chinese millennial restaurant customers: A lifestyle and health and environmental consciousness approach. Journal of China Tourism Research, 16(2), 183–213.
Mahat, H., Hashim, M., Nayan, N., Saleh, Y., & Norkhaidi, S. B. (2019). E-waste disposal awareness among the Malaysian community. Knowledge Management & E-Learning: An International Journal, 11(3), 393-408.
McClure, C., & Seock, Y. K. (2020). The role of involvement: Investigating the effect of brand's social media pages on consumer purchase intention. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 53, 101975.
Ngah, N. S. (2021). A Study on The Factors Influencing Waste Separation Among Households in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Technology Management, 3(4), 26–35.
Parajuly, K., Kuehr, R., Awasthi, A. K., Fitzpatrick, C., Lepawsky, J., Smith, E., Widmer, R., & Zeng, X. (2019). Future E-waste scenarios. StEP (Bonn), UNU ViE-SCYCLE (Bonn) & UNEP IETC (Osaka).
Paul, J., Modi, A., & Patel, J. (2016). Predicting green product consumption using theory of planned behavior and reasoned action. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 29, 123–134.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of applied psychology, 88(5), 879.
Rodrigues, A. C., Boscov, M. E., & Günther, W. M. (2020). Domestic flow of e-waste in São Paulo, Brazil: Characterization to support public policies. Waste Management, 102, 474-485.
Royal Mint to turn electronic waste into gold (2022). Monday 21 March 2022
Russell, S. V, Young, C. W., Unsworth, K. L., & Robinson, C. (2017). Bringing habits and emotions into food waste behavior. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 125, 107–114.
Sahu, A. K., Padhy, R. K., & Dhir, A. (2020). Envisioning the future of behavioral decision-making: A systematic literature review of behavioral reasoning theory. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 28(4), 145–159.
Shaharudin, M. R., Said, R., Hotrawaisaya, C., Nik Abdul Rashid, N. R., & Azman Perwira, N. F. S. (2020). Linking determinants of the youth’s intentions to dispose of portable e-waste with the proper disposal behavior in Malaysia. The Social Science Journal, 1-15.
Shittu, O. S., Williams, I. D., & Shaw, P. J. (2021). Global E-waste management: Can WEEE make a Difference? A review of e-waste trends, legislation, contemporary issues and future challenges. Waste Management, 120, 549-563.
Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., Abel, T., Guagnano, G. A., & Kalof, L. (1999). A value-belief-norm theory of support for social movements: The case of environmentalism. Human Ecology Review, 81–97.
Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., & Guagnano, G. A. (1998). A brief inventory of values. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 58(6), 984–1001.
Sulaiman, N., Chan, S. W., & Ong, Y. S. (2019). Factors influencing recycling intention among university students. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(8S), 336–340.
Tan, C. H., Ramayah, T., Yeap, J. A. L., & Ooi, S. K. (2017). Examining Residents’ Receptiveness towards E-waste Recycling in Penang, Malaysia. Global Business & Management Research, 9.
Tan, Q., Duan, H., Liu, L., Yang, J., & Li, J. (2018). Rethinking residential consumers’ behavior in discarding obsolete mobile phones in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 195, 1228–1236.
Tandon, A., Dhir, A., Kaur, P., Kushwah, S., & Salo, J. (2020). Behavioral reasoning perspectives on organic food purchase. Appetite, 154, 104786.
The Global e-Waste Monitor Report (2020). www.globalewaste.org
Tokyo 2020 the medals. https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/tokyo-2020/medal-design
Tong, X., Nikolic, I., Dijkhuizen, B., van den Hoven, M., Minderhoud, M., Wäckerlin, N., Wang, T., & Tao, D. (2018).0 Behavior change in post-consumer recycling: Applying agent-based modelling in social experiment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 187, 1006–1013.
Ursachi, G., Horodnic, I. A., & Zait, A. (2015). How reliable are measurement scales? External factors with indirect influence on reliability estimators. Procedia Economics and Finance, 20, 679–686.
Vanderploeg, J., & Lee, S.-E. (2019). Factors influencing pro-environmental behaviors in craft businesses. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 37(1), 51–65.
Wang, B., Ren, C., Dong, X., Zhang, B., & Wang, Z. (2019). Determinants shaping willingness towards online recycling behavior: An empirical study of household e-waste recycling in China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 143, 218–225.
Wang, Z., Guo, D., & Wang, X. (2016). Determinants of residents’-waste recycling behavior intentions: evidence from China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 137, 850–860.
Westaby, J. D. (2005). Behavioral reasoning theory: Identifying new linkages underlying intentions and behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 98(2), 97–120.
Zhang, B., Du, Z., Wang, B., & Wang, Z. (2019). Motivation and challenges for e-commerce in e-waste recycling under “Big data” context: a perspective from household willingness in China. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 144, 436–444.
Zhang, L., Geng, Y., Zhong, Y., Dong, H., & Liu, Z. (2019). A bibliometric analysis on waste electrical and electronic equipment research. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(21), 21098-21108.
Zhang, L., Ran, W., Jiang, S., Wu, H., & Yuan, Z. (2021). Understanding consumers’ behavior intention of recycling mobile phone through formal channels in China: The effect of privacy concern. Resources, Environment and Sustainability, 100027.
Published
2023-05-11
How to Cite
Kassim, E. S., Hassan, M. F., Nor, F. M., & Lee, T.-R. (2023). To Recycle e-Waste or Not: Understanding Consumers’ Intention from the Lens of Behavioral Theories. Information Management and Business Review, 15(1(I)SI), 72-85. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v15i1(I)SI.3409
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Copyright (c) 2023 Erne Suzila Kassim, Mohd Faizul Hassan, Fazira Mohd Nor, Tzong-Ru Lee
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