A Tobit Analysis of the Determinants and Potentials of Savings in the Case of Payatas Households
Abstract
This case study aims to identify the factors affecting household savings in the Area B of Payatas, Quezon City. Particularly, the variables included in the analysis are economic expectations, homeownership, household consumption, household debt, household disposable income, and number of dependents in the household. This paper also aims to analyze the saving potentials of households in Payatas. A total of 422 conditionally and randomly selected households were interviewed through a guided survey questionnaire. The researchers utilized Tobit regression and computed for the conditional marginal effects for both the censored and truncated sample. The results of the study were divided into three: Tobit regression results, conditional marginal effects results on all respondents, and the conditional marginal effects results on household savers. Significant variables such as economic expectations and household disposable income were found to be positively related to household savings, and household consumption was negatively related to household savings. This case study shows that Payatas B households do have saving potentials irrespective of their low income showing high request for accessibility on formal saving institutions.Downloads
References
Abou, M. & Seoud, E. (2014). Private Saving Determinants in Bahrain. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2(4), 1-21
Adewuyi, A. O., Bankole, A. S. & Arawomo, D. F. (2007). What Determines Saving in the Economic Community of West African State (ECOWAS)? Journal of Monetary and Economic Integration, 10(2), 71-72.
Ahmad, M. & Asghar, T. (2005). Estimation of Saving Behaviour in Pakistan Using Micro Data. The Lahore Journal of Economics, 9, 73-92 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35536/lje.2004.v9.i2.a4
Ahmad, M., Atiq, Z., Alam S. & Butt, M. (2006). The Impact of Demography, Growth and Public Policy on Household Saving: A Case Study of Pakistan. Asia-Pacific Development Journal, 13(2), 57-71 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18356/8517ea89-en
Akpan, S. B., Udoh, E. J. & Aya, E. A. (2011). Analysis of Savings Determinants among Agro-based firm Workers in Nigeria: A Simultaneous Equation Approach. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences 1(3), 1-12
Alba, M. & See, E. (2006). Exploring Household Saving and Consumption-Smoothing in the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Development, 32(2), 79-99
Alberto, A. & Bersales, S. (2012). Econometric Modeling of Panel Data on the Saving Patterns of Philippine Agricultural Households. The Philippine Statistician, 61(1), 69-85
Alessie, R. & Teppa, F. (2010). Saving and Habit Formation: Evidence from Dutch Panel Data. Empire Econ 38, 385-407 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-009-0272-z
Anong, S. T. & Fisher, P. J. (2012). Relationship of Saving Motives to Saving Habits. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 23(1).
Asrat, C. & Precious, T. (2014). Determinants of Household Savings in South Africa: An Econometric Approach (1990-2011). Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(15), 183-190
Athukorala, P. & Sen, K. (2004). The Determinants of Private Saving in India. World Development, 32(3), 491 503 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.07.008
Barba, A. & Pivetti, M. (2009). Rising household debt: Its causes and macroeconomic implications—a long period analysis. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 33, 113–137
Bashir, T., Hassan, A., Nashir, S. & Baber, A. (2013). Gender Differences in Saving Behavior and its Determinants. Journal of Business and Management, 9(6), 74-86
Bersales, L. G. S. & Mapa, D. S. (2006). Patterns and determinants of household saving in the Philippines EMERGE Technical Report. Manila: USAID/ Philippines Office of Economic Development and Governance.
Chamon, M. D. & Prasad, E. S. (2010). Why Are Saving Rates of Urban Households in China Rising. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2(1), 93-130 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.2.1.93
Chamon, M. D., Liu, K. & Prasad, E. S. (2013). Income uncertainty and household savings in China. Journal of Development Economics, 105, 164-177 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2013.07.014
Chen, C., Kuan, C. & Lin, C. (2007). Saving and housing of Taiwanese households: New evidence from quantile regression analyses. Journal of Housing Economics, 16, 102-126 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2007.01.001
Chhoedup, T. (2013). Analyzing Household Saving determinants in Bhutan. International Journal of Humanities and Management Sciences (IJHMS), 1(2), 179-183
Cho, S. H., Fang, M. & Hanna, S. D. (2007). Who Has Emergency Saving Goals. Consumer Interest Annual, 53, 223-230
Chowa, G. A. N., Masa, R. D. & Ansong, D. (2012). Determinants of Saving among Low-Income Individuals in Rural Uganda: Evidence from Assets of Africa. Advances in Applied Sociology, 2(4), 280-291 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/aasoci.2012.24037
Egwu, P. N. & Nwibo, S. U. (2014). Determinants of Saving Capacity of Rural Women Farmers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Agricultural Research, 2(1), 1-10
Fisher, P. J. (2010). Black-White Differences in Saving Behaviors. Financial Services Review, 19, 1-16
Fontes, A. & Gutter, M. (2006). Differences in the Onset of Formal Retirement Saving between Native and Foreign Born Individuals: An Event History Analysis. Consumer Interest Journal, 52, 270-280
Gedela, S. P. R. (2012). Determinants of Saving Behaviour in Rural and Tribal Households (An Empirical Analysis of Visakhapatnam District). Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 2(3), 108-128
Giavazzi, F. & McMahon, M. (2012). Policy Uncertainty and Household Savings. Review of Economics and Statistics, 94(2), 517-531 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00158
Gough, J. (2011). Determinants of the U.S. Household Saving Rate: An Econometric Analysis. Issues in Political Economy, 20, 28-44
Grinstein-Weiss, M., Chowa, G. A. N. & Casalotti, A. M. (2009). Individual Development Accounts for Housing Policy: Analysis of Individual and Program Characteristics. Housing Studies, 25(1), 63-82 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02673030903362035
Guariglia, A. & Kim, B. (2004). Earnings, Uncertainty, Precautionary Saving and Moonlighting in Russia. J Popul Econ, 17, 289-310 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-004-0184-3
Gujarati, D. (2012). Econometrics by Example. Limited dependent variable regression models, 2, 191-201
Hailu, Y. M. & Mirach, T. H. (2014). Determinants of Household Saving in Ethiopia: A Case of North Gondar Zone, Amhara Regional State. International Journal of Development and Economic Sustainability, 2(4), 37-49
Ismail, A. & Rashid, K. (2013). Determinants of Household Saving: Cointegrated Evidence from Pakistan. Economic Modeling, 32, 524-531 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.02.004
Issahaku, H. (2011). Determinants of Saving and Investment in Deprived District Capitals in Ghana-A Case Study of Nadowli in the Upper West Region of Ghana. Continental J. Social Sciences, 4(1), 1-12
Khan, T., Gill, A. R. & Haneef, S. (2013). Determinants of Private Saving: A Case of Pakistan. Asian Journal of Economic Modeling, 1(1), 1-7
Kibet, L. K., Mutai, B. K., Ouma, D. E., Ouma, S. A. & Owuor, G. (2009). Determinants of household saving: Case study of smallholder farmers, entrepreneurs and teachers in rural areas of Kenya. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 1(7), 137-143
Kim, M. (2010). The Determinants of Personal Saving in the U.S. The Journal of Applied Business Research, 26(5), 35-44 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v26i5.317
Klopocka, A. M. (2013). Consumer Confidence as a Determinant of Household Propensity to Save. Economy Series, 6, 13-20
Osakis, I. (2012). Household’s Saving Behavior in Greece Corresponding Countermeasures in Financial Crisis. International Journal of Economic Practices and Theories, 2(4)
Krishnan, A. (2012). The Determinants of Personal Savings in the US: The Role of Wealth.â€Journal of Financial and Economic Practice, 102(3), 36-46
Mahdzan, N. S. & Tabiani, S. (2013). The Impact of Financial Literacy on Individual Saving: an Exploratory Study in the Malaysian Context. Transformations in Business & Economics, 12(28), 41-55.
Mengesha, T. (2015). Household Saving Behavior in Jimma Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia. International Journal of Research in Commerce, IT, & Management, 5(3)
Minh, N. T., Nhat, N. H., Anh, T. T., Duc, P. M. & Son, L. T. (2013). Demographics and Saving Behavior of Households in Rural Areas of Vietnam, an Empirical Analysis. Journal of Economics and Development, 15(2), 5-18
Misztal, P. (2011). The Relation between Savings and Economic Growth in Countries with Different Levels of Economic Development. Ministry of Science and Higher Education e-Finance Financial Internet Quality, e-Finanse, 7(2), 17-29
Mongale, I. P., Mukuddem-Petersen, J., Petersen, M. A. & Meniago C. (2013). Household Savings in South Africa: An Econometric Analysis. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 4(13), 519-530 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n13p519
Mumin, Y. A., Razak, A. & Domanban, P. B. (2013). Analysis of Household Heads’ Decision-to-Save with Financial Institutions in Ghana. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 3(11), 1466-1478.
Ndirangu, L., Burger, K., Moll, H. A. & Kuyvenhoven, A. (2010). Seasonality, Precautionary Savings and Health Uncertainty: Evidence from Farm Households in Central Kenya. AFJARE, 6(1), 340-352
Niculescu-Aron, I. G. (2012). An Analysis of the Saving Behavior in Romania. Comparative Study for 2012 and 2011 Based on the “Financial Situation of the Romanian Households’ Enquiries. Research Journal of Economics, Business and ICT, 6, 20-25
Nwankwo, F., Ewuim, N. & Asoya, N. P. (2013). Effect of Cooperatives on the Saving Behaviour of Members in Oyi Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria. International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia, 7(1), 209-227 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v7i1.14
Obi-Egbedi, O., Alawode, O. O. & Soneye, A. E. (2014). Savings Determinants among Rural Households in South west Nigeria. World Rural Observations, 6(4), 6-11
Odoemenem, I. U., Ezuhe, J. A. C. & Akerele, S. O. (2013). Saving and Investment Pattern of Small-Scale Farmers of Benue State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Human Social Science Sociology & Culture, 13(1), 6-12
Orbeta, A. C. (2005). Impact of Children on Household Savings in the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Development, 32(2), 60
Rashid, N. K. A., Nasir, A., Mustapha, N. H. N. & Kamil, N. F. (2011). Analysis of Income and Expenditure of Households in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Global Business and Economics, 2(1), 59-72
Rehman, H. U., Bashir, F. & Faridi, M. Z. (2011). Saving Behavior among Different Income Groups in Pakistan: A Micro Study. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(10), 268-277
Rha, J., Montalto, C. P. & Hanna, S. D. (2006). The Effect of Self-Control Mechanisms on Household Saving Behavior. Financial Counseling and Planning, 17(2)
Salotti, S. (2010). Global imbalances and household savings: The role of wealth. The Social Science Journal, 47, 21-24 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2009.07.004
Sebhatu, K. (2012). Determinants of saving Behaviour of cooperative members survey evidence from Tigrai region, Ethiopia. Journal of Research in Economics and International Finance (JREIF), 1(5), 150-158
Shitu, G. A. (2012). Rural Households' Income and Savings Pattern in South-Western Nigeria. Agricultural Journal, 7(3), 172-176 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/aj.2012.172.176
Soharwardi, M. A., Khan, A. S. & Sherani, M. K. (2014). Determinants of Household Savings: A Case Study of Yazman-Pakistan. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 5(12), 1624-1630
Terada-Hagiwara, A. (2012). Have Filipino Households Become Less Prudent? Journal of Development Studies, 48(5), 673-685 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2012.658373
Tesfamariam, S. K. (2012). Saving behaviour and determinants of saving mobilization by rural financial co-operators in Tigrai region, Ethiopia. Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development, 4(26), 129-146
Teshome, G., Kassa, B., Emana B. & Haji, J. (2013). Determinants of Rural Household Savings in Ethiopia: The Case of East Hararghe Zone, Oromia Regional State. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 4(3), 66-76
Wan, J. (2015). Household Savings and Housing Prices in China. The World Economy, 38(1), 172-195 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12250
Yao, R., Wang, F. & Weagley, R. O. (2011). Household Saving Motives: Comparing American and Chinese Consumers. Family &Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 40(1), 28-44 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-3934.2011.02086.x
Copyright (c) 2016 Information Management and Business Review
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Author (s) should affirm that the material has not been published previously. It has not been submitted and it is not under consideration by any other journal. At the same time author (s) need to execute a publication permission agreement to assume the responsibility of the submitted content and any omissions and errors therein. After submission of revised paper in the light of suggestions of the reviewers, the editorial team edits and formats manuscripts to bring uniformity and standardization in published material.
This work will be licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) and under condition of the license, users are free to read, copy, remix, transform, redistribute, download, print, search or link to the full texts of articles and even build upon their work as long as they credit the author for the original work. Moreover, as per journal policy author (s) hold and retain copyrights without any restrictions.