Vocational Education and Training in Rural Zimbabwe: Attitudes and Opinions of Students, Teachers and Education Inspectors: The Case of Murewa District

  • Tapiwa Emmanuel Katsande Health, Social Care and Education Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge Cambridge Regional College, Cambridge

Abstract

The 2008 global economic crisis has seen young people’s career and employment prospects dwindle, particularly for those based in rural areas. Governments in both industrialised and developing countries are considering vocational education reform to meet nations’ employment and economic needs. Despite renewed interest in VET, the sentiments of students and teachers remain largely unexplored. This study investigated the views and attitudes of students, teachers and education inspectors towards VET in rural Zimbabwe. The findings revealed divergent views. It emerged that most students did not necessarily have negative views of VET, but they were put off by the low status, lack of choice and the lacklustre delivery of VET. Teachers and students alike were sceptical about the role of VET in securing employment. This study will contribute to the on-going review of Zimbabwe’s education system and will inform school managers and policy makers on curriculum development and culture change in rural communities and schools.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

African Union. (2000). Meeting of the Bureau of the Conference of Ministers of Education of the African Union. Addis Ababa. COMEDAF. Accessed November 16 2012. http://www.africaunion.org/root/au/Conferences/2007/May/HRST/2931/TVET_Strategy_english.doc

Barkan, S. E. (2013). Sociology: Understanding and Changing the Social World, Brief Edition, Flat World Knowledge. Accessed March 22 2014. http://catalog.flatworldknowledge.com/bookhub/reader/4306?e=barkbrief-1.1-ch03_s03

Baxter, P. & Jack, S. (2008). Qualitative Case Study Methodology: Study Design and Implementation for Novice Researchers. The Qualitative Report, 13(4), 544-559.

Bello, M. I. Danjuma, I. M. & Adamu, A. Y. (2007). A Survey of Vocational Training Needs of 15 – 25 Years Old Out-of-School Youths in Bauchi Metropolis. Journal of Career and Technical Education, 23(1), 55-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21061/jcte.v23i1.443

Bennell, P., Bendera, S., Kanyenze, G., Kimambo, E., Kiwia, S., Mbiriyakura, T., Mukyanuzi, F., Munetsi, N., Muzulu, J., Parsalaw, W. & Temu, J. (1999). Vocational Education and Training in Tanzania and Zimbabwe in the Context of Economic Reform, Education Research Paper No. 28. Department for International Development.

Boateng, C. (2012). Restructuring Vocational and Technical Education in Ghana: The Role of Leadership Development. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(4), 108 -114.

Catts, R., Falk, I. & Wallace, R. (2011). Vocational Learning Innovative Theory and Practice Technical and Vocational Education and Training: Issues, Concerns and Prospects. UNESCO-UNEVOC. Accessed August 20 2012. http://www.springerlink.com/content/x71340/front-matter.pdf.

Cavanagh, D., Shaw, G. & Wang, L. (2013). Technical and Vocational Education and Training, and Skills Development for Rural Transformation. In: UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training, Revisiting global trends in TVET: Reflections on theory and practice: 309-335.

Cedefop (European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training). (2011). Vocational education and training is good for you: the social benefits of VET for individuals 21. [pdf] Luxembourg: Cedefop. Accessed October 15 2012. http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Files/5517_en.pdf

Chinyamunzore, N. (1995). Devolution and evolution of technical/vocational education curriculum in Zimbabwe. IDATER 1995 Conference, Loughborough: Loughborough University.

CIA. (Central Intelligence Agency). (2016). Zimbabwe Economy 2016 Accessed February 17 2016. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2129.html

Coltart, D. (2011). We can’t all be intellectuals. Speech to the Greatness Career Conference in Harare delivered on February 10, 2011. Accessed March 20 2012. http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news4491e%20cant%20all%20be%20intellectuals%20Coltart/news.aspx

Davis-Kean, P. E. & Schnabel, K. U. (2001). The impact of socio-economic characteristics on child outcomes: the mediating role of parents’ beliefs and behaviors. Child Development, under review. In: L. Feinstein, K. Duckworth and R. Sabates, 2004. A model of the intergenerational transmission of educational success. Wider benefits of learning research report 10. London: Institute of Education.

Education Scotland. (2015). Developing the Young Workforce. Accessed August 8, 2015. http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/learningandteaching/thecurriculum/dyw/index.asp

Edward, S., Weedon, E. & Riddell, S. (2008). Attitudes to Vocational Learning: A literature review. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Centre for Research in Education, Inclusion and Diversity Scottish Government Social Research. Accessed March 20 2012. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/233621/0063966.pdf.

Fink, A. S. (2000). The Role of the Researcher in the Qualitative Research Process. A Potential Barrier to Archiving Qualitative Data. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 1(3), Art. 4.

Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). Five Misunderstandings about Case-Study Research. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(2), 219-245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800405284363

Flyvbjerg, B. (2011). Case Study. In: Norman K. Denzin and Yvonne S. Lincoln, eds. The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research. 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Lauglo, J. & Lillis, K. (1988). Vocationalising Education. An International Perspective. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Kapferer, J. (2012). The New Strategic Brand Management: Advanced Insights and Strategic Thinking 5th ed. Croydon: Cogan Page Limited.

Kariwo, M. T. (2007), Widening Access in Higher Education in Zimbabwe. Department of Educational Policy Studies. Harare: Zimbabwe. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.hep.8300142

Kentli, F. D. (2009). Comparison of Hidden Curriculum. European Journal of educational Studies, 1(2), 83-88.

Kincheloe, J. L. (1995). Toil and Trouble. Good Work, Smart Workers, and the Integration of Academic and Vocational Education. New York, NY: Peter Lang.

Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews - An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Lai, A. & Maclean, R. (2011). The future of technical and vocational education and training: global challenges and possibilities. International Journal of Training Research, 9(1-2), 2.

Maravanyika, O. E. (1990). Implementing Educational Policies in Zimbabwe. World Bank Discussion Papers no. 91. Africa Technical Department Series.

Margolis, E. (2002). The Hidden Curriculum in Higher Education. London: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203901854

MOHET (Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education). (2005). Policy Review Framework Report on the Technical and Vocational Education and Training. February 2005. ZIMDEF/UNESCO. Harare: Zimbabwe.

Mora, M. (2010). Quantitative Vs. Qualitative Research – When to Use Which. Accessed May 20, 2012. http://www.surveygizmo.com/survey-blog/quantitative-qualitative-research/

Morgan, D. L. (1998). The Focus Group Guide Book. London: Sage Publications. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483328164

Morton, R. (2015). Two-thirds of students training for jobs that won’t exist, The Australian, 24 August, 2015, 12:00am, Accessed May 15, 2015. http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/twothirds-of-students-training-for-jobs-that-wont-exist/news-story/2d2343561f3f8d7c86c98f516052413e

Mufanechiya, T. & Mufanechiya, A. (2011.) Motivating Zimbabwean secondary school students to learn: A Challenge. Journal of African Studies and Development, 3(5), 96-104.

Mupinga, D. M., Burnett, M. F. & Redmann, D. H. (2005). Examining the purpose of technical education in Zimbabwe’s high schools. International Education Journal, 6(1), 75-83.

Mupondi, J. G. & Munyaradzi, G. (2013). An Evaluation of the Vocational Technical Approach to Teaching of Art and Music Education: The Case of Masvingo District, Zimbabwe. International Journal of English and Education, 2(3), 482-492.

Munowenyu, E. (1999). The need to offer basic vocational education in Zimbabwe’s secondary schools. Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 11(1), 43-57.

Mureithi, G. W. (2009). Technical, vocational education and training in Africa: has it lost its significance? Accessed November 13 2012. http://www.kmafrica.com/book/export/html/2067

Nherera, C. M. (1994). Vocationalisation of Secondary Education in Zimbabwe: A theoretical and empirical investigation. Ph.D. University of London.

Nleya, F. (2014). Promotion of vocational subjects crucial as pass rates plummet. Accessed February 13 2016. https://www.newsday.co.zw/2014/02/28/promotion-vocational-subjects-crucial-pass-rates-plummet/

Nziramasanga, C. T. (1999). Report of the Presidential Commission of Inquiry into education and training, Harare: Zimbabwe Government.

OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). (2010). Learning for Jobs: Synthesis Report of the OECD reviews of Vocational Education and Training. Accessed April 10 2012.

http://www.mskills.com.au/DownloadManager/downloads/Learning%20for%20jobs%20report.pdf

Oketch, M. O. (2007). To vocationalise or not to vocationalise? Perspectives on current trends and issues in technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in Africa. International Journal of Educational Development, 27(2), 220-234. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2006.07.004

Pallant, J. (2013). SPSS Survival Manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS 5th ed., Berkshire: McGraw Hill Education.

Patrikakou, E. N. (2008). The Power of Parent Involvement: Evidence, Ideas, and Tools for Student Success. Accessed March 29 2014. http://education.praguesummerschools.org/files/education/patrikakou_2.pdf

Rojewski, J. W. (1997). Effects of economic disadvantaged status and secondary vocational education on adolescent work experience and postsecondary aspirations. Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 14 (1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21061/jcte.v14i1.680

Sandstrom, K. L., Lively, K. J., Martin, D. D. & Fine, G. A. (2014). Symbols, selves, and social reality: A symbolic interactionist approach to social psychology and sociology. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press.

Shizha, E. & Kariwo, M. T. (2011). Education and Development in Zimbabwe: A Social, Political and Economic Analysis, Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-606-9

Statista. (2016). The 20 countries with the highest unemployment. Accessed February 17 2016. http://www.statista.com/statistics/264656/countries-with-the-highest-unemployment-rate/

Thompson, M. J. (2013). A functionalist theory of social domination. Journal of Political Power, 6(2), 179-199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2158379X.2013.805922

Tilak, J. B. G. (2002). Vocational Education and Training in Asia, National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration. New Delhi. Accessed March 17, 2012. http://www.norrag.org/wg/documents/Vocational_technical_educat.doc.

UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). (2015). Country Programming Document ZIMBABWE 2013 – 2015. Accessed February 15 2016. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002270/227055e.pdf.

UNESCO-IBE. (2010). Zimbabwe: World Data on Education, 2010/11. 7th ed. UNESCO. Accessed June 25 2011. http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Zimbabwe.pdf .

Wolf, A. (2011). Review of Vocational Education: The Wolf Report. Accessed June 28 2013. https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/The%20Wolf%20Report.pdf.

Published
2016-10-09
How to Cite
[1]
Katsande, T.E. 2016. Vocational Education and Training in Rural Zimbabwe: Attitudes and Opinions of Students, Teachers and Education Inspectors: The Case of Murewa District. Journal of Education and Vocational Research. 7, 3 (Oct. 2016), 12-29. DOI:https://doi.org/10.22610/jevr.v7i3.1412.
Section
Research Paper