Evaluating The Influence of Networking Strategies on Start-Up Growth: Evidence from Anambra State, Nigeria
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of networking strategies on the growth trajectory of start-ups in Anambra State, Nigeria. The research aims to determine how networking behaviours such as collaboration, partnerships, and knowledge sharing contribute to business expansion and sustainability. A quantitative research design was adopted, and data were collected from 374 start-up owners and managers across Awka, Nnewi, and Onitsha using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, including correlation and regression, were employed to examine the relationship between networking strategies and start-up growth. Findings reveal that effective networking significantly enhances access to resources, knowledge, and market opportunities, which, in turn, drive innovation, visibility, and business performance. The study concludes that networking serves as a strategic mechanism for sustaining competitive advantage among start-ups. It recommends that entrepreneurs invest in professional networks and mentorship programs, while policymakers create an enabling environment that promotes collaboration and knowledge exchange among start-ups. The study contributes to entrepreneurial literature by empirically validating the role of networking in fostering start-up development in emerging economies.
Downloads
References
Almeida, P. and Kogut, B. (1997). The exploration of technological diversity and geographic localization in innovation: start-up firms in the semiconductor industry, Small Business Economics, 9(1), 21-31.
Adomako, S., Danso, A., Boso, N., & Narteh, B. (2018). Entrepreneurial alertness and new venture performance: Facilitating roles of networking capability. International Small Business Journal, 36(5), 453–472.
Azra, A. (2023). Role of innovation management practices in enhancing firm agility and adaptability during times of crisis in Turkey. International Journal of Strategic Management, 2(2), 12-22.
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120.
Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education (pp. 241–258). Greenwood Press.
Birley, S., (1985). The role of networks in the entrepreneurial process. J. Bus. Venturing 1, 107 – 117.
Brown, B., Butler, J.E. (1995). Competitors as allies: a study of entrepreneurial networks in the U.S. wine industry. J. Small Bus. Manage, 33(3), 57–66.
Bruderl, J., Preisendorfer, P. (1998). Network support and the success of newly founded businesses. Small Bus. Econ. 10, 213–225.
Calabrese, T., Baum, J.A.C., Silverman, B. (2000). Canadian biotechnology startups, 1991–1997: the role of incumbents’ patents and strategic alliances in controlling competition. Soc. Sci. Res. 29(4), 503 – 534.
Cooper, A. C., Gimeno-Gascon, F. J., and Woo, C. Y. (1994). Initial human capital and financial capital as predictors of new venture performance, Journal of Business Venturing, 9 (5), 371- 396
Coleman, J. S. (1990). Foundations of Social Theory. Harvard University Press.
Firas, A. (2019). The Impact of Networking Behaviors on the Success of Entrepreneurial Startups in Jordan. Master’s thesis. Princess Sumaya University for Technology (Jordan).
Foreman-Peck, J., Makepeace, G. and Morgan, B. (2006). Growth and profitability of small and medium-sized enterprises: some Welsh evidence, Regional Studies, 40(4), 307-319
Forret, M. L. and Dougherty, T. W. (2004). Networking behaviors and career outcomes: differences for men and women? Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior 25(3), 419–437.
Freeman, J. (1999). Venture capital as an economy of time. In: Leenders, R.Th.A.J., Gabbay, S.M. (Eds.), Corporate Social Capital and Liability. Kluwer Academic Publishing, Boston, pp. 460 – 482.
Gibson, C., Hardy III, H., and Buckley, R. (2014). Understanding the role of networking in organizations. Career Development International, 19(2), 146–161
Gimeno, J., Folta, T.B., Cooper, A.C., Woo, C.Y. (1997). Survival of the fittest? Entrepreneurial human capital and the persistence of underperforming firms. Adm. Sci. Q. 42, 750–783
Hoang, H. and Young, N. (2000). Social embeddedness and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition; (More) evidence of embeddedness. Working paper.
Huggins, R. and Thompson, P. (2015). Entrepreneurship, innovation and regional growth: a network theory. Small Business Economics, 45, 103–128.
Human, S.E., Provan, K.G. (1996). External resource exchange and perceptions of competitiveness within organizational networks: an organizational learning perspective. In: Reynolds, P., et al. (Eds.), Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, pp. 240 – 252.
Johannisson, B., Alexanderson, O., Nowicki, K., Senneseth, K. (1994). Beyond anarchy and organization: entrepreneurs in contextual networks. Entrepreneurship Reg. Dev. 6, 329 – 356.
Kibria, M.G., Nguyen, K., Villardi, G.P., Zhao, O., Ishizu, K., & Kojima, F. (2018). Big data analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence in next-generation wireless networks. IEEE Access, 6, 32328-32338
Kogut, B. (2000). The network as knowledge: Generative rules and the emergence of structure. Strategic Management Journal, 21(3), 405–425
Martinez, A. M. and Aldrich, E. H. (2011). Networking strategies for entrepreneurs: balancing cohesion and diversity. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 17(1), 7–38.
Minhazur, R., Ummeh, H. and Faria, B. R. (2021). How Do Norwegian Technology Start-ups Use Open Innovation Strategies to Gain Access to New Business Ideas? Open Economics 4(1), 98–105.
Muathe, S. M. A., & Otieno, V. (2023). Accelerating growth of businesses through networking services, incubation infrastructure, and management mentoring: A perspective of startups in Kenya. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 12(6), 318–326. https://doi.org/10.20525
Narula, R. (2004). R&D collaboration by SMEs: new opportunities and limitations in the face of globalization, Technovation, 24 (2), 153-161.
Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242–266.
Olorunyomi, S. J., Adedoyin, T. O., Olusegun, G. O. and Oluwatobi, T. S. (2024). Navigating the Digital Transformation Journey: Strategies for Startup Growth and Innovation in the Digital Era. International Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship Research, 6(3), 697-706.
Orpen, C. (1996). Dependency as a moderator of the effects of networking behavior on managerial career success. The Journal of Psychology, 130(3), 245–248.
Park, I., Lee, J., Nam, J., Jo, Y. and Lee, D. (2022). Which networking strategy improves ICT startup companies’ technical efficiency? Managerial and Decision Economics, 3(6), 2434–2443.
Puntoni, S., Reczek, R.W., Giesler, M., & Botti, S. (2021). Consumers and artificial intelligence: An experiential perspective. Journal of Marketing, 85(1), 131-151.
Rane, N. (2023). Enhancing customer loyalty through Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and Big Data Technologies: Improving Customer Satisfaction, Engagement, Relationship, and Experience.
Rauch, A., Rosenbusch, N., Unger, J. and Frese, M. (2016). The effectiveness of cohesive and diversified networks: A meta-analysis. Journal of Business Research 69(2), 554–568.
Rogers, D.L. (2016). The digital transformation playbook: Rethink your business for the digital age. Columbia University Press.
Salmela, H., Baiyere, A., Tapanainen, T. & Galliers, R.D. (2022). Digital agility: Conceptualizing agility for the digital era. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 23(5), 1080-1101.
Simon, J. C., Kaiser, K. M., Beath, C., Goles, T. and Gallagher, K. (2007). Information technology workforce skills: does size matter?’, Information Systems Management, 24(5), 345-359.
Singh, R.P., Hills, G.E., Lumpkin, G.T., Hybels, R.C. (1999). The entrepreneurial opportunity recognition process: examining the role of self-perceived alertness and social networks. Paper presented at the 1999 Academy of Management Meeting, Chicago, IL.
Storey, D. J. (1994). Understanding the Small Business Sector, London: Routledge.
Smeltzer, L.R., Van Hook, B.L., Hutt, R.W., (1991). Analysis and use of advisors as information sources in venture startups. J. Small Bus. Manage, 29 (3), 10-20.
Staunt, T., Stuart, T. E., & Hoang, H. (1999). Interorganizational endorsements and the performance of entrepreneurial ventures. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 315–349. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666998
Spurk, D., Simone, K., Luisa, B. and Nora, SRH. (2015). Fostering networking behavior, career planning and optimism, and subjective career success: An intervention study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 87, 134–144.
Thorpe, R., Holt, R., Macpherson, A. and Pittaway, L. (2005). Using knowledge within small and medium-sized firms: a systematic review of the evidence, International Journal of Management Review, 7(4), 257-281.
Vidhya, R., Kumar, S., & Karthik, M. (2023). Leveraging artificial intelligence and digital innovation for startup sustainability in emerging economies. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 27(4), 210–225.
Wolff, H-G. and Moser, K. (2009). Effects of networking on career success: a longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(1), 196.
Zhou, L., Wu, W. and Xueming, L. (2007). Internationalization and the performance of born-global SMEs: the mediating role of social networks. Journal of International Business Studies, 38, 673–690.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nzubechukwu Obi, Amadi Peter Onyekachi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Author (s) should affirm that the material has not been published previously. It has not been submitted and it is not under consideration by any other journal. At the same time author (s) need to execute a publication permission agreement to assume the responsibility of the submitted content and any omissions and errors therein. After submission of a revised paper in the light of suggestions of the reviewers, editorial team edits and formats manuscripts to bring uniformity and standardization in published material.
This work will be licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) and under condition of the license, users are free to read, copy, remix, transform, redistribute, download, print, search or link to the full texts of articles and even build upon their work as long as they credit the author for the original work. Moreover, as per journal policy author (s) hold and retain copyrights without any restrictions.