Green Marketing Trek: Drivers, Challenges and Future Directions in Emerging Markets- A Systematic Literature Review
Abstract
Green marketing is growing in importance as it is tied to the universal goal of sustainable development. Although green marketing is gaining in prominence as a strategic imperative, mixed accounts a bound on its ability to create sustainable competitive advantage. Against this backdrop, this conceptual paper discusses the concept of green marketing, its drivers, challenges and future directions in the context of emerging markets. With the aid of a systematic literature review, this paper discusses market opportunities and challenges, implementation gaps, future directions and misconceptions associated with the adoption and implementation of green marketing. Results of literature review showed that the adoption of green marketing is driven principally by market opportunities, environmental legislation, operating efficiencies and improved profitability. Literature reviewed also notes challenges associated with green marketing implementation such as consumer cynicism, variability in demand of green products and exorbitant investment costs related to green technologies. This paper concludes that successful implementation of green marketing depends on a green vision that meticulously counterbalances the vested interests of key stakeholders in the value chain such as suppliers and customers. Effective green marketing implementation is also contingent on the ability of top management to integrate, coordinate and re-configure corporate competences to achieve green marketing goals. This paper recommends that marketers should resist the green marketing bandwagon but rather focus on understanding implementation imperatives that are preconditions for creation of sustainable competitive advantage. Marketers should also note that green marketing is not a panacea to all marketing challenges as it needs to be supported by sound marketing acumen
Downloads
References
Baverstam, O. & Larsson, M. (2009). Strategic Green Marketing: A Comparative Study of How Green Marketing Affects Corporate within Business to Business: Bachelor of Marketing Thesis: Lulea: Lulea University of Technology. Belz, F. & Peattie, K. (2009). Sustainability Marketing: A Global Perspective. West Sussex: John Wiley and Sons. Borin, N., Cerf, D. C. C. & Krishnan, R. (2011). Consumer Effects of Environmental Impact in Product Labeling. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 28(1), 76-86. Borland, H. (2009). Conceptualizing Global Strategic Sustainability and Corporate Transformational Change. International Marketing Review, 26(4), 554-572. Boston Consulting Group. (2011). Sustainability: The Embracers Seize Advantage. [Online]. Available at: http://www.bcg.com/documements/file. Accessed: 2/05/2016. Carrete, L., Castano, R., Felix, R., Centeno, E. & Gonzalez, E. (2012). Green Consumer Behaviour in an Emerging Economy: Confusion, Credibility and Compatibility. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 29(7), 470-481. Chatterjee, P. (2009). Green Brand Extension Strategy and Online Communities. Journal of Systems and Information Technology, 11(4), 367-384. Chen, Y. (2008). The Positive Effect of Green Intellectual Capitol on Competitive Advantages of Firms. Journal of Business Ethics, 77(3), 271-286. Chen, Y. (2010). The drivers of Green Brand Equity: Green Brand Image, Green Satisfaction and Green Trust. Journal of Business Ethics, 93(2), 307-319. Chen, T. & Chai, L. (2010). Attitude Towards the Environment and Green Products: Consumer’s Perspective. Management Science & Engineering, 4(2), 27-39. Chen, Y. & Chang, C. (2012). Enhance Green Purchase Intentions: The Roles of Green Perceived Value, Green Perceived Risk and Green Trust. Management Decision, 50(3), 502-520. CRED (Center for Research on Environmental Decisions). (2009). The Psychology of Climate Change Communication: A Guide for Scientists, Journalists, Educators, Political Aides and the Interested Public. [Online]. Available at: cred.columbia.edu/guide. Accessed: 7/09/2013. Crittenden, V., Crittenden, W., Ferrell, L., Ferrell, O. & Pinney, C. (2011). Market-oriented Sustainability: A Conceptual Framework and Propositions. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 38(1), 71-85. Dangelico, R. M. & Pontrandolfo, P. (2010). From green product definitions and classifications to the green option matrix. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18, 1608-1628. Dauvergne, P. & Lister, J. (2012). Big Brand Sustainability: Governance Prospects and Environmental Limits. Global Environmental Change, 22(1), 36-45. Delai, I. & Takahashi, S. (2011). Sustainability Measurement System: A Reference Model Proposal. Social Responsibility Journal, 7, 438-471. Delmas, M. A. & Burbano, V. (2011). The Drivers of Green-washing. California Management Review, 54(1), 6487. De Medeiros, J. F., Ribeiro, J. L. D. & Cortimiglia, M. N. (2013). Success Factors for Environmentally Sustainable Product Innovation: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 1, 1-11. Deshwal, P. (2012). Green Marketing: Issues and Challenges. Zenith International Journal of Business, Economics and Management Research, 2(6), 105-114. Dhar, P. & Das, S. (2012). Green Marketing: Challenges and Opportunities for Innovation and Sustainable Development. International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services and Management Research, 1(5), 41-47. Do-Paco, A. M. F. & Reis, R. (2012). Factors Affecting Skepticism toward Green Advertising. Journal of Advertising, 41(4), 147-155. Durif, F., Boivin, C. & Julien, C. (2010). In Search of a Green Product Definition. Innovative Marketing, 6(1), 2526. Epstein, M. J. & Buhovac, A. R. (2010). Solving the Sustainability Implementation Challenges. Organizational Dynamics, 39, 306-315. Fernando, A. G., Sivakumaran, B. & Suganthi, L. (2014). Nature of Green Advertisements in India: Are they Greenwashed? Asian Journal of Communication, 24(3), 222-241. Fraj, E., Martinez, E. & Matute, J. (2011). Green Marketing Strategy and the Firm's performance: The Moderating Role of Environmental Culture. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 19(4), 339-355.
Frandsen, S., Morsing, M. & Vallentin, S. (2013). Adopting Sustainability in the Organization: Managing Processes of Productive Loose Coupling towards Internal Legitimacy. Journal of Management Development, 32(3), 236-246. Ginsberg, J. & Bloom, P. (2004). Choosing the Right Green Marketing Strategy. MIT Sloan Management Review, 46(1), 79-84. Gleim, M. R., Smith, J. S., Andrews, A. & Cronin, J. J. (2013). Against the Green: A Multi-Method Examination of the Barriers to Green Consumption. Journal of Retailing,89(1), 44-61. Hale, T. (2011). A Climate Coalition of the Willing. The Washington Quarterly, 34(1), 89-101. Haugh, H. M. & Talwar, A. (2010). How do Corporations Embed Sustainability across the Organization? Academy of Management Learning & Education, 9(3), 384-396. Henion, K. E. & Kinnear, T. C. (1976). Ecological marketing. American Marketing Association, 1, 98-113. Hillestad, T., Xie, C. & Haugland, S. A. (2010). Innovative Corporate Social Responsibility: The Founder's Role in Creating a Trustworthy Corporate Brand through Green Innovation. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 19(6), 440-451. Hirsch, M. (2013). New green hotel lives up to its name. Cape Times. 4 September 2013. Hirsh, J. B. (2010). Personality and Environmental Concern. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30, 245-248. Hoejmose, S. U., Grosvold, J. & Millington, A. (2013). Socially Responsible Supply Chains Power Asymmetries and Joint Dependence: Supply Chain Management. An International Journal, 18(3), 277-291. Horne, R. E. (2009). Limits to Labels: The Role of Eco-labels in the Assessment of Product Sustainability and Routes to Sustainable consumption. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 33(1), 175-182. Jamge, D. L. (2012). Turning Towards the Green Marketing: A Need of the Hour in Indian Corporate Sector. Indian Research Journal, 2(8), 2-3. Jones, M. L. (2004). Application of Systematic Review Methods to Qualitative Research: Practical Issues. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48(3), 271-278. Keating, B., Quazi, A., Kriz, A. & Coltman, T. (2008). In Pursuit of a Sustainable Supply Chain: Insights from Westpac Banking Corporation Supply Chain Management. An International Journal, 13(3), 175-179. Kinoti, M. W. (2011). Green Marketing Intervention Strategies and Sustainable Development: A Conceptual Paper. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(23), 263-273. Kiran, K. U. (2012). Opportunity and Challenges of Green Marketing with Special References to Pune. International Journal of Management and Social Sciences Research, 1(1), 18-24. Kung, F., Huang, C. & Cheng, C. (2012). Assessing the Green Value Chain to Improve Environmental Performance: Evidence from Taiwan's Manufacturing Industry. International Journal of Development Issues, 11(2), 111-128. Lee, J., Hsu, L., Han, H. & Kim, Y. (2010). Understanding How Consumers View Green Hotels: How a Hotel’s Green Image Influence Behavioral Intentions. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(7), 901-914. Lee, M. S., Park, S. & Trimi, S. (2013). Greening with IT: Practices of Leading Countries and Strategies of Followers. Management Decision, 51(3), 629-642. Leonidou, L. C., Leonidou, C. N., Fotiadis, T. A. & Zeriti, A. (2013). Resources and Capabilities as Drivers of Hotel Environmental Marketing Strategy: Implications for Competitive Advantage and Performance. Tourism Management, 35, 94-110. Lin, R., Tan, K. & Geng, Y. (2013). Market Demand, Green Product Innovation and Firm Performance: Evidence from Vietnam Motorcycle Industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 40, 101-107. Linnenluecke, M. K. & Griffiths, A. (2010). Corporate Sustainability and Organisational Culture. Journal of World Business, 45,357-366. Marks& Spencer. (2011). How We Do Business. [Online]. Available at: Corporate.marksandspencer.com/investors/reports_publications. Accessed: 2/05/2016. Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., Noorulhaq, A. & Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM Approach for the Barrier Analysis in Implementing Green Supply Chain Management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47, 283-297. Mazar, N. & Zhong, C. B. (2010). Do green products make us better people? Psychological Science, 21(4), 494498. Mckinsey & Company. (2011). The Business of Sustainability: McKinsey Global Survey Results. [Online]. Available at: http://www.mckinsey.com/…mckinsey/sustainability. Accessed: 20/03/2016. Mishra, P. & Sharma, P. (2010). Green Marketing in India: Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of Engineering Science & Management Education, 3(1), 9-14.
Mohajan, K. H. (2012). Aspects of Green Marketing: A Prospect for Bangladesh. International Journal of Economics and Research, 3(3), 1-11. Mohanasundaram, V. (2012). Green marketing: Challenges and opportunities. International Journal of- Multidisciplinary Research, 2(4), 66-73. Mourad, M. & Ahmed, Y. S. E. (2012). Perception of Green Brand in an Emerging Innovative Market. European Journal of Innovation Management, 15(4), 514-537. Nidumolu, R., Prahalad, C. K. & Rangaswami, M. R. (2009). Why Sustainability is now the Key Driver of Innovation. Harvard Business Review, 87, 57-64. Nkamnebe, A. D. (2011). Sustainability Marketing in the Emerging Markets: Imperatives, Challenges and Agenda Setting. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 6(3), 217-232. Orange, E. (2010). From Eco-friendly to Eco-intelligent. Futurist, 44(5), 28-42. Nothhaft, H. & Akerstrom, M. (2012). Have a break? A Study on the Networked Public Sphere during the Greenpeace’s give the Orang-utan a Break Campaign. Bachelor Thesis. Lund: Lund University. Ottman, J. (2008). The Five Simple Rules of Green Marketing. Design Management Review, 19(4), 65-69. Ottman, J. A. (2011). The New Rules of Green Marketing: Strategies, Tools and Inspiration for Sustainable Branding. A Francisco: Greenleaf Publishing. Owen, D. (2012). The Conundrum: How Scientific Innovation, Increased Efficiency and Good Intentions Can Make Our Energy and Climate Problems Worse. New York: Penguin. Peattie, K. & Peattie, S. (2009). Social Marketing: A Pathway to Consumption Reduction? Journal of Business Research, 62, 260-268. Polonsky, M. J. (2011). Transformative Green Marketing: Impediments and Opportunities. Journal of Business Research, 64, 1311-1319. Rahbar, E. & Wahid, N. A. (2011). Investigations of Green Marketing Tools’ Effect on Consumers’ Purchase Behaviour. Business Strategy Series, 12(2), 73-83. Rakhsha, R. & Majidazar, M. (2011). Evaluation of Effectiveness of Green Marketing Mix on Consumer Satisfaction and Loyalty: Case Study of the East Azerbaijan Pegah Dairy Company in Tabriz, Iran. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 10(6), 755-763. Ramirez, E., Gonzalez, R. J. & Moreira, G. J. (2013). Barriers and Bridges to the Adoption of Environmentally: Sustainable Offerings. Industrial Marketing Management, 1, 1-9. Rettie, R., Burchell, K. & Riley, D. (2012). Normalizing Green Behaviors: A New Approach to Sustainability Marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, 28(3-4), 420-444. Russell, D. W. & Russell, C. A. (2010). Here or There? Consumer Reactions to Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives: Egocentric Tendencies and Their Moderators. Market Letters, 21, 65-81. Saleki, Z. S. & Seyedsaleki, S. M. (2012). The Main Factors Influencing Purchase Behavior of Organic Products in Malaysia. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 4(1), 101-116. Sampei, Y. & Aoyagi-Usui, M. (2009). Mass-media Coverage, its Influence on Public Awareness of Climate Change Issues, and Implications for Japan’s National Campaign to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Global Environmental Change, 19(2), 203-212. Sarkar, A. (2012). Green Marketing and Sustainable Development Challenges and Opportunities. International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services & Management Research, 1(9), 120-134 Shrikanth, R. & Raju, D. S. N. (2012). Contemporary Green Marketing: Brief Reference to Indian Scenario. International Journal of Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research, 1(1), 26-39. Simula, H., Lehtimark, T. & Salo, J. (2009). Managing Greenness in Technology Marketing. Journal of Systems and Information Technology, 11(4), 331-346. Singh, P. B. & Pandey, K. K. (2012). Green Marketing: Policies and Practices for Sustainable Development. A Journal of Management, 5(1), 22-30. Singh, R. K., Murty, H. R., Gupta, S. K. & Dikshit, A. K. (2009). An Overview of Sustainability Assessment Methodologies. Ecological Indicators, 9(2), 189-212. Singh, S. (2012). Green Marketing: Challenges and Strategy in the Changing Scenario. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, 1(6), 164-172. Sinnappan, P. & Rahman, A. (2011). Antecedents of Green Purchasing Behavior among Malaysian Consumers. Medwell Journal, 5(3), 129-139. Smith, K. T. & Brower, T. R. (2012). Longitudinal Study of Green Marketing Strategies that Influence Millennials. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 20(6), 535-551.
Smith, E. & Perks, S. (2010). A perceptual Study of the Impact of Green Practice Implementation on the Business Functions. Southern African Business Review, 14(3), 1-29. Sridhar, K. (2012). Corporate Conceptions of Triple Bottom Line Reporting: An Empirical Analysis into the Signs and Symbols Driving this Fashionable Framework. Social Responsibility Journal, 8(3), 312-326. Sustainalytics. (2012). Building a Sustainable South African Food Retail Sector: Issues for Responsible Investors. [Online]. Available at: www.sustainalytics.com/building-sustainable-south-african-foodsector. Accessed: 8/02/2016. Terrachoice. (2010). Green-washing Report. [Online]. Available at: http://sinsofgreenwashing.org/findings/greenwashing-report-2010/. Accessed: 20/02/2014. Thorne, S., Jensen, L., Kearney, M.H., Noblit, G., Sandelowski, M., 2004. Qualitative Metasynthesis: Reflections on Methodological Orientation and Ideological Agenda. Qualitative Health Research, 14 (10), 13421365. Tinne, W. S. (2013). Green Washing: An Alarming Issue. ASA University Review, 7(1), 82-88. Tiwari, S., Tripathi, D., Srivastav A, U. & Yadav, P. K. (2011). Green Marketing: Emerging Dimensions. Journal of Business Excellence, 2(1), 18-23. Tranfield, D., Denyer, D. & Smart, P. (2003). Towards a Methodology for Developing Evidence-informed Management Knowledge by Means of Systematic review. British Journal of Management, 14 (3), 207222. Tschupp, M. (2012). Growing your Eco-brands in a Changing Climate. World Trademark Review, 1, 46-47. UNEP (United Nations Environment Program). (2011). Towards a green economy, pathways to sustainable development and poverty eradication: A synthesis for policy makers. [Online]. Available at: www.unep.org/greeneconomy. Accessed: 20/06/2016. Van Wyk, N. & Deegan, P. (2009). Strategies for Environmental Advertising. Journal of Consumer Marketing,10(2), 9-36. Verma, G., Agarwal, I. & Srivastava, A. (2012). Green Marketing is not just a Catch-phrase: It is Marketing. International Journal of Management & Business Studies, 2(1), 100-110. Vermillion, L. J. & Peart, J. (2010). Green marketing: Making Sense of the Situation. Academy of Marketing Studies, 15(1), 68-72. Walker, H. & jones, N. (2012). Sustainable Supply Chain Management across the UK Private Sector. An International Journal, 17(1), 15-28. Wang, H. & Gupta. S. M. (2011). Green Supply Chain Management: Product Life Cycle Approach. New York: McGraw Hill. Woolworths Holdings Limited. (2012). Good Business Journey Report. [Online]. Available at: www.woolworthsholdings.co.za. Accessed: 5/11/2016. World Economic Forum. (2011). Green investing: Reducing the Cost of Financing. [Online]. Available at: http://www.weforum.org/docs. Accessed: 20/04/2016. Young, W., Hwang, K., McDonald, S. & Oates, C. J. (2010). Sustainable Consumption: Green Consumer Behavior when Purchasing Products. Sustainable Development, 18, 20-31.
Copyright (c) 2018 A. Muposhi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Author (s) should affirm that the material has not been published previously. It has not been submitted and it is not under consideration by any other journal. At the same time author (s) need to execute a publication permission agreement to assume the responsibility of the submitted content and any omissions and errors therein. After submission of a revised paper in the light of suggestions of the reviewers, editorial team edits and formats manuscripts to bring uniformity and standardization in published material.
This work will be licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) and under condition of the license, users are free to read, copy, remix, transform, redistribute, download, print, search or link to the full texts of articles and even build upon their work as long as they credit the author for the original work. Moreover, as per journal policy author (s) hold and retain copyrights without any restrictions.