Entrepreneurial Barriers that are Confronted by Entrepreneurs Living with Physical Disabilities: A Thematic Analysis

  • Eugine Tafadzwa Maziriri School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand
  • Welcome Madinga Department of Marketing, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
  • Thobekani Lose Department of Logistics, Vaal University of Technology, South Africa
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs, physical disabilities, barriers

Abstract

Living with a physical disability can interfere with an individual’s ability to participate actively in economic and social life. It is imperative to comprehensively understand the entrepreneurial barriers hindering the development of entrepreneurs living with physical disabilities. In spite of the increasing research on entrepreneurship, there seems to be a paucity of studies that have investigated the entrepreneurial barriers that are faced by entrepreneurs living with physical disabilities in South Africa. This study set out to explore the entrepreneurial barriers that are confronted by entrepreneurs living with physical disabilities. In this study, data were collected within the Sebokeng Township, which is an African township located in the Vaal Triangle, south of Johannesburg in South Africa. A qualitative research approach was used to collect data for the study. The researchers gathered qualitative data by means of semi-structured face-to-face interviews and focus groups. The analysis of the qualitative data was conducted through the use of thematic analysis. The themes that emerged from the findings include lack of equipment and machinery, discrimination, business networking, hardships in obtaining start-up capital, knowledge of support centres for entrepreneurs living with physical disabilities, and lack of education and training. Each theme was discussed individually, followed by substantiating quotes. Most respondents stressed that the barriers they face hinder the survival and growth of their ventures. The paper suggested that in order to help entrepreneurs living with physical disabilities, the South African government must formulate some schemes that are most necessary for their improvement and betterment of their life.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Akanji, O. O. (2006). Microfinance as a strategy for poverty reduction. Central Bank of Nigeria Economic and Financial Review, 39(4), 1-11.
Albrecht, G. L. (1997). Communities and families’, in H.W. Wallace, J.C. MacQueen, R.F. Biehl & J.A. Blackman (eds.). Mosby’s resource guide to children with disabilities and chronic illness, 1, 13–20, Mosby electronic production, Missouri.
Antonites, A. & Govindasamy, T. (2013). Critical success factors of Indian entrepreneurs. The Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management Journal, 6(1), 116–133. Antonites, A. & Kliphuis, W. (2011). An exploratory study on the potential value adds of social networking to the entrepreneurial process. The Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management, 4(1), 1–23. Apolloni, L. (2010). Bringing about behaviour change: nursing practice and cardiac rehabilitation. Doctor of Public Health thesis, University of Wollongong. School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong. Wollongong, New South Wales.
Babbie, E. & Mouton, J. (2007). Qualitative methods of Data sampling. The practice of social research, 7, 187-193. Bakara, L. J. A., Mohamada, A., Abdullaha, S., Intan, N., Sulaimana, S. & Hanafiaha, N. M. A. (2016). Entrepreneurial attitude of disabled people towards edu–tourism industry. Qualitative Research Conference (QRC), 24-26 May 2016, Penang, Malaysia. Viewed 12 November 2016, from http://qualitative-research-conference.com/qrc/download/proceedings-2016/35%20intan%20saniah%2098-104.pdf
Balfour, L. J. (2007). A needs assessment of parents on how to raise an autistic child, Master of Diaconiology thesis, University of South Africa, Pretoria. Bongazana, H. (2014). Social influence as a determinant of conspicuous consumption among the South African Urban Township Youth. Acta Universitatis Danubius Administration, 6(2), 59–70. Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3, 77–101.
Budeli, M. C. (2012). Barriers and coping capacities experienced by people living with disability in the Nzhelele area of Limpopo province. Magister Artium thesis. (Unpublished Thesis). University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg. Burger, L., Mahadea, D. & Neill, C. O. (2004). Perceptions of entrepreneurship as a career option in South Africa: an exploratory study among grade 12 learners. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 7(1), 187-205. Certo, S. T., Moss, T. W. & Short, J. C. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation: An applied perspective. Business Horizons, 52(4), 319-324.
Chell, E., Spence, L. J., Perrini, F. & Harris, J. D. (2016). Social Entrepreneurship and business ethics: Does social equal ethical? Journal of Business Ethnics, 133, 619–625.
Chimucheka, T. & Mandipaka, F. (2015). Challenges faced by small, medium and micro enterprises in the Nkonkobe Municipality. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 14(2), 309–316.
Chimucheka, T. (2014). Entrepreneurship education in South Africa. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(2), 403-416.
Chinomona, E. & Maziriri, E. (2015). Examining the phenomenon of xenophobia as experienced by African immigrant entrepreneurs in Johannesburg, South Africa: Intensifying the spirit of Ubuntu. International Journal of Research in Business Studies and Management, 2(6), 20–31. Chinomona, E. & Maziriri, E. T. (2015). Women in action: Challenges facing women entrepreneurs in the Gauteng province of South Africa. The International Business & Economics Research Journal, 14(6), 835-850.
Chinomona, E., Maziriri, E. & Moloi, K. C. (2014). Corporate entrepreneurship with innovation in mind in one University of Technology in South Africa. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(23), 20–29.
Choto, P., Tengeh, R. K. & Iwu, C. G. (2014). Daring to survive or to grow? The growth aspirations and challenges of survivalist entrepreneurs in South Africa. Environmental Economics, 5(4), 93–101.
Cooke, M. (2009). Children’s experience of their obesity. Master of Diaconiology Thesis. University of South Africa. Pretoria.
Cooper, D. R. & Schindler, P. S. (2011). Business research methods, 11th edn., McGraw-Hill, Singapore.
Creswell, J. W. & Plano, C. V. L. (2007). Designing and conducting mixed methods research, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Dahlberg, L. & Mccaig, C. (2010). Practical research and evaluation: A start-to-finish guide for practitioners, Sage, London.
Dawson, C. & Henley, A. (2012). Push versus “Pull” entrepreneurship: An ambiguous distinction? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 18(6), 697–719.
Dijkhuizen, J., Gorgievski, M., Van Veldhoven, M. & Schalk, R. (2016). Feeling successful as an entrepreneur: A job demands-resources approach. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(2), 555–573.
Dotson, W., Richman, D., Abby, L. & Thompson, S. (2013). Teaching skills related to self-employment to adults with developmental disabilities: An analog analysis. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(1), 2336–2350.
Dube, B., Roberts-Lombard, M. & van Tonder, E. (2015). Management guidelines for universal quality challenges across the focus group research process. Journal of Applied Business Research, 31(1), 239–247.
Duvenhage, A. (2013). Risk Taking Patterns of Entrepreneurs in Roodepoort. Master of Business Administration Thesis. Tshwane University of Technology. Pretoria.
Edelman, L. F., Manolova, T., Shirokova, G. & Tsukanova, T. (2016). The impact of family supports on young entrepreneurs’ start-up activities. Journal of Business Venturing, 31(4), 428–448.
Enabled4Enterprise. (2008). Barriers and opportunities: Equipping the enterprise sector to deliver ‘disability smart’ services, viewed 20 May 2015, from http://www.lcdisability.org/?lid=19899
Falch, R. & Hernæs, U. J. V. (2012). Disability, social identity, and entrepreneurship: Evidence from a laboratory experiment in rural Uganda, Master thesis in Economics, Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen, Norway.
Farrington, S. M., Vender. D. J. L., Schrage, C. R. & Van der Meer, P. O. (2012). Entrepreneurial attributes of undergraduate business students: A three country comparison revisited. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 15(4), 333–351.
Fatoki, O. & Chindoga, L. (2011). An Investigation into the obstacles to youth entrepreneurship in South Africa. International Business Research, 4(2), 161–169.
Fatoki, O. & Garwe, D. (2010). Obstacles to the growth of new SMEs in South Africa: A principal component analysis approach. African Journal of Business Management, 4(5), 729–738.
Fatoki, O. (2014). Immigrant entrepreneurship in South Africa: Current literature and research opportunities. Journal of Social Sciences, 40(1), 1–7. Fatoki, O. (2014). Factors Influencing the Financing of Business Start-ups by Commercial Banks in South Africa. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(20), 94-100.
Fatoki, O. O. (2010). Graduate entrepreneurial intention in South Africa: Motivations and obstacles. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(9), 87–98.
Flyvbjerg, B. (2011). Case study, in N.K. Denzin & Y.S. Lincoln (eds.). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research, 4th edn., pp. 301–316, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Foster, S. (2010). Promoting entrepreneurship among disabled people with visual impairment, viewed 15 May 2015, from http://www.heacademy.ac.uk
Glesne, C., (2011). Becoming qualitative researchers: An introduction, 4th edn., Pearson Education, Boston, MA. Gorora, G. P. K. & Mago, S. (2013). Challenges of rural entrepreneurship in South Africa: insights from nkonkobe municipal area in the Eastern Cape Province. International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management, 16(1), 1-11.
Gree, A. & Thurnik, C. (2003). Firm selection and industry evolution: the post country performance of new firm. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 4(4), 243-264.
Greeff, M. (2005). Information collection: Interviewing’, in A.S. De Vos, H. Strydom, C.B. Fouché & C.S.L. Delport (eds.), Research at grass roots: For the social services and human service professions, 3rd edn., pp. 286–313, Van Schaik Publishers, Pretoria.
Greve, B. (2009). The Labour Market Situation of Disabled People in European Countries and Implementation of Employment Policies: A Summary of Evidence from Country Reports and Research Studies, Report prepared for the Academic Network of European Disability experts (ANED). Viewed 13 August 2016 from http://www.disabilityeurope.net.
Hammond, M., Howarth, J. & Keat, R. (1991). Understanding phenomenology, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
Hefer, Y., Cant, M. C. & Wiid, J. A. (2015). Starting one’s own business – What motivates entrepreneurs? International Business & Economics Research Journal, 14(2), 237–246.
Henderson, J. (2002). Building the rural economy with high-growth entrepreneurs. Economic Review Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. Economic Review, 87(3), 45-70.
Herrington, M. & Wood, E. (2003). Global entrepreneurship monitor, South African report, viewed 25 May 2015, from http://www.gbs.nct.ac.za/gbswebb/userfiles/gemsouthafrica2000pdf
Hessels, J., Gelderen, M. & Thurik, R. (2015). Entrepreneurial aspirations, motivations, and their drivers. Small Business Economics, 31(3), 323–339. ht
Hisrich, R. D. & Peters, M. P. (2002). Entrepreneurship. International 5th Edition. McGraw Hill/ Irvin; Higher Education.
Isaacs, E., Visser, K., Friedrich, C. & Brijlal, P. (2007). Entrepreneurship education and training at the Further Education and Training (FET) level in South Africa. South African Journal of Education 2(7), 613–629.
Johnmark, D. R. & Munene, J. (2016). Discrimination in predicting entrepreneurial intentions of the disabled students in Nigeria. International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research, 4(1), 1–13.
Kasperova, E. (2011). Entrepreneurship identity, disability, and embodiment, Small Business Research Centre, Kingston Business School, London. Keene, S. (2011). Social bias: Prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination. The Journal of Law Enforcement, 1(3), 1-5.
Khosa, R. M. & Kalitanyi, V. (2014). Challenges in operating micro-enterprises by African foreign entrepreneurs in Cape Town, South Africa. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(10), 205–215.
Kitching, J. (2014). Entrepreneurship and self-employment by people with disabilities’, Background paper for the OECD Project on Inclusive Entrepreneurship, Kingston University, Kingston, England.
Leedy, P. D. & Ormrod, J. E. (2010). Practical research: Planning and design, 9th edn., Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Lord, J. A. (2009). Identification of a dominant defence mechanism for children in their middle childhood in dealing with fear. Master of Diaconiology Thesis. University of South Africa. Pretoria.
Ngorora, G. P. K. & Mago, S. (2013). Challenges of rural entrepreneurship in South Africa: insights from nkonkobe municipal area in the Eastern Cape Province. International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management, 16(1), 1-11.
Maas, G. & Herrington, M. (2006). Global entrepreneurship monitor South Africa report. Viewed 12 November 2016, from http://www.gemconsortium.org/document.aspx?id756
Makhbul, Z. M. & Hasun, F. M. (2011). Entrepreneurial success: an exploratory study among entrepreneurs. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(1), 116-125.
Maja, P. A., Mann, W. M., Sing, D., Steyn, A. J. & Naidoo, P. (2011). Employing people with disabilities in South Africa. South African Journal of Occupational Therapy, 41(1), 24–32. Mandipa, E. (2013). Critical analysis of the legal and institutional frameworks for the realization of the rights of persons with disabilities in Zimbabwe, in C. Ngwena, I. Grobbelaar-du Plessis, H. Combrinck & S.D. Kamga (eds.), African disability rights year book, vol. 1, pp. 73–96, Pretoria University Law Press, Pretoria.
Mandipaka, F. (2014). An investigation of the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in developing countries: A case of King Williams’ Town, South Africa. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(27), 1187–1193.
Marino, E., González, J., López, J., Luján, J., Gordillo, M. & Osorio, C., (2011), ‘Science, technology and society: A conceptual approximation. Notebooks of Latin America, 1(1), 10–25. Martins, S. & Couchi, C. (2004). Barriers to entrepreneurship and business creation. Arouca, Portugal: European Entrepreneurship Cooperation. Viewed 12 November 2016, from http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:1q9qAOdqzTIJ:
Marumoagae, M. C. (2012). Disability discrimination and the right of disabled persons to access the labour market. Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal, 15(1), 345–428.
Masitha, H. (2001). The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in school children in a black township, MA thesis, The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
Mauchi, F. N., Mutengezanwa, M. & Damiyano, D. (2014). Challenges faced by women entrepreneurs: A case study of Mashonaland Central Province. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 3(3), 466–480.
Mazibuko, L. A. (1993). The value – Orientations and perceptions of Zulu secondary school pupils in sebokeng, Master of Education, Randse Afrikaanse Universiteit, Johannesburg.
Maziriri, E. T. & Madinga, N. W. (2015). The Effect of buyer’s remorse on consumer’s repeat-purchase intention: Experiences of Generation Y apparel student consumers within the Vaal Triangle. International Journal of Research in Business Studies and Management, 29(5), 24–31. Maziriri, E. T. & Madinga, N. W. (2016). A Qualitative Study on the Challenges Faced by Entrepreneurs Living with Physical Disabilities within the Sebokeng Township of South Africa. International Journal of Research in Business Studies and Management, 3(5), 1-13.
Mccann, P. & Ortega-Argiles, R. (2016). Smart specialization, entrepreneurship, and SMEs: Issues and challenges for a results-oriented EU regional policy. Small Business Economic Journal, 46(1), 537–552.
Mdluli, P. G. (2015). The relationship between household poverty and child deprivation in Jabulani Township’, Magister Commercii (Economics), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, Vanderbijlpark.
Mersland, R. (2005). Microcredit for self-employed disabled persons in developing countries. Oslo, Norway: Atlas Alliance.
Mohammed, A. U. & Jamil, S. A. (2015). Entrepreneurial barriers faced by disabled in India. Asian Social Science Journal, 11(24), 72–78.
Moloi, K. C., Dzvimbo, K. P., Potgieter, F. J., Wolhuter, C. C. & VanderWalt, L. J. (2010). Learner’s perceptions as to what contributes to their school success: A case study. South Journal of Education, 30, 475–490.
Morales, T. C. P., Ferie, C. P., Fonseca, F. & Frias, R. (2016). The entrepreneurship of the young population in the Ecuadorian context, showing the approach of the science, technology, and society. Journal of Service Science and Management, 9(1), 28–35. Moyo, C. S. & Francis, J. (2010). Women empowerment initiatives for rural development in South Africa: The missing piece of the puzzle. Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, 24(1), 43-63. Mpofu, J. & Shumba, A. (2013). Disabilities and entrepreneurship in Makonde rural community in Zimbabwe. Stud Tribes Tribal, 11(2), 135–144.
Mpofu, J., Gasva, D., Gwembire, J. & Mubika, D. (2011). Introduction to special needs education, Zimbabwe Open University, Harare. Muposhi, A. (2015). Green consumer buying behaviour: Antecedents, selection attributes of generation y consumers and the relationship with future behavioural intentions. Doctor of Technology Thesis. Vaal University of Technology. Vanderbijlpark. Muposhi, A., Dhurup, M. & Surujlal, J. (2015). The green dilemma: Reflections of a generation y consumer cohort on green purchase behaviour. The Journal for Trans-disciplinary Research in Southern Africa, 11(3), 225-240.
Mwangi, M. W. (2013). Factors that affect the success of physically challenged entrepreneurs in their business activities: A survey of Thika municipality – Kiambu County, Kenya Margaret Wanjiku Mwangi. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(1), 280–289. Ncanywa, N. A. (2014). The identification of factors contributing to the vulnerability to sexual abuse of orphans in a rural area, Master of Social Work in Forensic Practice dissertation. North-West University. Potchefstroom
Nchu, R. M., Tengeh, R. K. & Hassan, S. (2015). High school learner’s perception of the efficacy of entrepreneurship education: The case of selected high schools in the Western Cape, South Africa. The Scientific Journal of Theory and Practice of Socio-economic Development, 4(8), 507–526.
Oates, J., Kwiatkowski, R. & Coulthard, L. M. (2010). Code of human research ethics. The British Psychological Society 4(1), 5–30.
Obaji, N. O. & Olugu, M. U. (2014). The role of government policy in entrepreneurship development. Science Journal of Business and Management, 2(4), 109–115. 2
Obaji, N. O. & Olugu, M. U. (2014). The role of government policy in entrepreneurship development. Science Journal of Business and Management, 2(4), 109-115.
Oni, E. O. & Daniya, A. (2012). Development of small and medium scale enterprises: The role of government and other financial institutions. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 1(7), 16–29.
Osman, C. A., Rahim H. L., Yusof, M. M., Zikrul, M., Noor, H. & Lajin, N. F. M. (2014). Empowering disabled youth with entrepreneurial values. in 2nd Asian Entrepreneurship Conference Proceeding, Singapore, December 18, 2015.
Parhankangas, A. & Ehrlich, M. (2014). How entrepreneurs seduce business angels: An impression management approach. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(4), 543–564.
Parker, H. S., Caldwell, K. & Renko, M. (2014). Entrepreneurship by any other name: Self-sufficiency versus innovation. Journal of Social Work in Disability & Rehabilitation, 13(4), 1–33.
Parker, H. S., Renko, M. & Caldwell, K. (2013). Accessing social entrepreneurship: Perspectives of people with disabilities and key stakeholders. Vocational Rehabilitation, 38, 35–48.
Pergelova, A. & Angulo-Ruiz, F. (2014). The impact of government financial support on the performance of new firms: the role of competitive advantage as an intermediate outcome. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 26(9-10), 663-705.
Physical Disability Council. (2015). Physical disability, viewed 14 May 2015, from http://www.pdcsa.org.au/
Pivcevic, E. (1970). Husserl and phenomenology, Hutchinson University Library, London.
Rahim, H. L., Abidin, Z. Z., Ping, S. D. S., Alias, M. K. & Muhamad, A. I. (2014). Globalization and its effect on world poverty and inequality. Global Journal of Management and Business, 1(2), 09–13. Raposo, M. & Do Paço, A. (2011). Entrepreneurship education: Relationship between education and entrepreneurial activity. Psicothema, 23(3), 453-457.
Renko, M., Harris, S. P. & Caldwell, K. (2015). Entrepreneurial entry by with disabilities’, International Small Business Journal, 33(3), 231–348.
Retief, F. J. (2009). The contribution of Appreciative Inquiry on the attitudes of church members towards a change in strategic focus. Master of business administration thesis. Management College of Southern Africa. Durban.
Robbins, S. P., Chatterjee, P. & Canda, E. R. (1998). Contemporary human behavior theory: A critical perspective for social work, Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA.
Roets, C. R. Q. (2013). Black generation y students’ attitudes towards the de-marketing of smoking and alcohol consumption, Masters dissertation in Marketing Management, North-West University, Vaal Triangle, Vanderbijlpark.
Roni, N. N. & Baines, S. (2012). Why Entrepreneurship Process as a Battle for Business Resources Recognition for Disadvantaged People? Journal of Business Studies, 33(1), 55-90.
Roni, N. N. (2009). Disabled entrepreneurship: A viable route of opportunity for the disabled. Doctoral Symposium. Manchester Metropolitan University. Manchester. Rueedi, F. (2015). Siyayinyova! Patterns of violence in the African townships of the Vaal Triangle, South Africa, 1980–86. The Journal of International African Institute, 85(3), 395–416.http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0001972015000261 Sale, J., Lohfeld, L. & Brazil, K. (2002). Revisiting the quantitative-qualitative debate: Implications for mixed methods. Quality and Quantity, 36(1), 43–53.
Salem, M. I. (2014). The role of business incubators in the economic development of Saudi Arabia. International Business and Economics Research Journal, 13(4), 853–860.
Salkind, N. J. (2012). Exploring research, Pearson, Boston, MA.
Sauer, R. M. & Wilson, T. (2016). The rise of female entrepreneurs. European Economic Review, 86(1), 73–86. Sebokeng Map. (2016). The Sebokeng Township, viewed 23 July 2016, from https://www.google.co.za/maps/place/Sebokeng Sefotho, M. M. (2015). A researcher’s Dilemma: Philosophy in crafting dissertations and theses. Journal of Social Sciences, 42(1), 23–36.
Shanimon, S. & Hameedu, M. S. (2014). The emerging development model in India differently-abled entrepreneurs. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4(1), 1–11. Show me South Africa. (2016). Sebokeng Township, viewed 22 July 2016, from http://showme.co.za/vaal/tourism/sebokeng Shuma, T. W. (2011). Experiences of people with physical disabilities who participate in the community based rehabilitation (CBR) programme in Okamatapati community, Otjozondjupa Region, Masters dissertation in Public Health, University of Namibia, Windhoek. Sobuce, N. W. (2012). Waste Recycling and Small, Micro, and Medium Enterprises (SMMEs) Development in Greater Kokstad Municipality. Master of Arts (Social Development) dissertation, Faculty of Humanities, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand. Johannesburg.
Statistics South Africa. (2015). Prevalence of disability, viewed 14 May 2015, from http://www.statssa.gov.za/?p=3180
Steenekamp, A. G., VanderMerwe, S. P. & Athayde, R. (2011). An investigation into youth entrepreneurship in selected South African secondary schools: An exploratory study. Southern African Business Review, 15(3), 46–75. Stofberg, R. (2009). Employers' attitudes and experiences regarding employees with intellectual disability, Master of Diaconiology Thesis. University of South Africa. Pretoria.
Stokes, D., Wilson, N. & Mador, M. (2010). Entrepreneurship. South Western, Centage Learning.
Strydom, H. (2005). Ethical aspects of research in the social sciences and human services professions. 56-70, in A.S. De Vos, H. Strydom, C.B. Fouche, C.S.L. Delport (eds.). Research at Grass Roots: For the social services and human service professions. (3rd edition). Pretoria: Van Schaik Publishers
Taylor, M. C. (2005). Interviewing. In I. Holloway (Ed.), Qualitative Research in Health Care, Open University Press, England.
Tehseen, S. & Ramayah, T. (2015). Entrepreneurial competencies and SMEs business success: The Contingent role of external integration. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(1), 50–61. Thompson, C., Bounds, M. & Goldman, G. (2012). The status of strategic planning in Small and Medium Enterprises: Priority of afterthought? The Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management, 5(1), 34-53.
Uromi, S. M. & Mazagwa, M. I. (2015). Challenges facing people with disabilities and possible solutions in Tanzania. Journal of Educational Policy and Entrepreneurial Research, 1(2), 158–165.
Van der Lingen, E. & Van Niekerk, G. (2015). Entrepreneurship Traits of Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) Students. The Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management, 7(1), 117–144.
Viriri, P. & Makurumidze, S. (2014). Engagement of disabled people in entrepreneurship programmes in Zimbabwe. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 2(1), 1–30.
Vlachou, A. D. (1997). Struggle for inclusive education – An ethnographic study, Open University Press, Buckingham.
Wairimu, G. J. (2014). Relevance of vocational courses for trainees with physical disabilities to market demands at Muriranjas and Nyandarua centres, Murang’a and Nyandarua counties, Kenya, Doctoral dissertation, Kenyatta University, Nairobi City, Kenya.
Welman, C., Kruger, F. & Mitchell, B. (2011). Research methodology, 3rd edn., Oxford University Press, Cape Town.
Whitley, B. E. (2002). Principles of Research in Behavioral Science. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Wilson, B. (2016). The labour market situation of disabled people in European Countries and implementation of employment policies: A summary of evidence from country reports and research studies, Report prepared for the Academic Network of European Disability experts (ANED), viewed 10 May 2015, from http://www.disabilityeurope.net Wongnaa, C. A. & Seyram, A. Z. K. (2014). Factors influencing polytechnic students’ decision to graduate as entrepreneurs. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 2(1), pp.1-13.
Xaba, G. M. & Rankhumise, E. M. (2014). Business owners’ perspectives in pursuance of their businesses: what matters most? Problems and perspectives in management, 12(2), 181-189. Xesha, D., Iwu, C. G. & Slabbert, A. (2014). Business relationships as a driver of success for small, medium, and micro enterprises (SMMEs) in South Africa. Journal of Economics, 5(1), 37-43.
Yamamoto, S., Unruh, D. & Bullis, M. (2015). The viability of self-employment for individuals with disabilities in the United States: A synthesis of the empirical-research literature. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 35(2), 117–127.
Published
2017-03-12
How to Cite
Maziriri, E. T., Madinga, W., & Lose, T. (2017). Entrepreneurial Barriers that are Confronted by Entrepreneurs Living with Physical Disabilities: A Thematic Analysis. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 9(1(J), 27-45. https://doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i1(J).1555
Section
Research Paper